Aluminum: Halayensa, Chemistry, da Faruwar Halitta

Aluminum ko aluminum sinadari ne mai tsaftataccen ƙarfe mai lamba 13. An san shi da ƙarfi da kaddarorinsa marasa nauyi, wanda ya sa ya zama abin nema sosai a zamanin yau.

Menene Mahimman Amfani da Aluminium?

Aluminum yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa, gami da:

• Gina: Aluminum yawanci ana amfani dashi a masana'antar gine-gine saboda ƙarfinsa da ƙarfinsa.
• Wutar Lantarki: Ana amfani da Aluminum a cikin igiyoyin wutar lantarki da wayoyi saboda yawan ƙarfinsa.
• Kayan aiki da kwantenan kicin: Aluminum galibi ana amfani da su wajen kera kayan dafa abinci, kwantena, da gwangwani saboda juriyar lalata.
• Samar da baturi da sauƙi: Aluminum wani muhimmin sashi ne wajen samar da batura da fitilun wuta saboda ƙarancin nauyi.

Nawa Aka Samar da Aluminum?

Aluminum abu ne da aka samar da shi sosai, tare da miliyoyin ton da kamfanoni ke samarwa a duk shekara.

Wadanne Forms Aluminum Ya Shiga?

Aluminum ya zo cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, gami da zanen gado, faranti, sanduna, da bututu. Hakanan ana iya samun shi a cikin nau'i na musamman kamar extrusions da jabu.

Wace rawa Aluminum ke Takawa a Muhalli?

Aluminum yana da ƙananan tasiri akan yanayi idan aka kwatanta da sauran karafa, saboda ana iya sake yin amfani da shi da sake amfani da shi. Wannan ya sa ya zama abu gama gari a cikin sabbin samfuran samfuran da ke da nufin rage sharar gida da haɓaka dorewa.

Samun Jiki tare da Aluminum

• Aluminum karfe ne mai launin shudi-azurfa wanda yake da tsayi sosai saboda tsarin atomic.
• Tana da lambar atomic ta 13 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin duniya.
• Tsarin atomic na aluminum shine 2, 8, 3, ma'ana yana da electrons biyu a matakin farko na makamashi, takwas a cikin na biyu, kuma uku a cikin matakin makamashi mafi girma.
• Ana raba mafi ƙarancin electrons na aluminium tsakanin atom, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɗin gwiwa na ƙarfe kuma yana sa shi yin aiki sosai.
• Aluminum yana da tsarin kristal mai siffar sukari da radius na kusan 143 na yamma.
• Yana da wurin narkewar 660.32°C da kuma wurin tafasar 2519°C, wanda ke sa ya iya jure yanayin zafi.
• Girman aluminium yana da ƙasa, kama daga 2.63 zuwa 2.80 g/cm³, ya danganta da musamman gami.
• Aluminum yana da kusan lalacewa kamar gwal kuma shine ƙarfe na biyu mafi kyawu, bayan azurfa.
• Har ila yau, yana da matuƙar ƙwanƙwasa, ma'ana ana iya ja shi cikin siraran wayoyi ba tare da karye ba.
• Idan aka kwatanta da sauran karafa, aluminum yana da ɗan ƙaramin nauyi, tare da kewayon nauyin kusan 26.98 zuwa 28.08 g/mol, ya danganta da isotope.

jiki Halaye

• Aluminum wani nau'i ne na gama gari da ake samu a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, inda yawanci yake a cikin sigar bauxite.
• Ana samar da ita ta hanyar hada bauxite da sodium hydroxide sannan kuma a yi amfani da wutar lantarki da aka samu.
• Tsaftataccen aluminum karfe ne mai launin shuɗi-fari wanda yake da goge sosai kuma yana da ɗan haske.
• Aluminum yana da matukar juriya ga lalata, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri inda za a fallasa shi da abubuwa.
• Yana da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ma'ana yana iya canja wurin zafi cikin sauri da inganci.
• Aluminum kuma ba mai guba ba ne, ba mai maganadisu ba, kuma ba ya haskakawa, yana mai da shi kayan aiki sosai.
• Dangane da gami, aluminum na iya kewayo daga kasancewa mai laushi da malleable zuwa wuya da ƙarfi.
• Aluminum ya dace sosai don yin simintin gyare-gyare, gyare-gyare, da ƙirƙira, yana mai da shi mashahurin zaɓi don aikace-aikace masu yawa.
• A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, aluminum ya zama abu mai mahimmanci saboda abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da kuma sauƙi wanda za'a iya samar da shi da kuma tsaftace shi.
• Bisa ga tebur na lokaci-lokaci, aluminum sinadari ne mai matsakaicin girma, kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai saboda tsarinsa na lantarki da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
• Ƙarfin ionization na aluminium yana da girma, ma'ana yana buƙatar adadin kuzari don cire electron daga atom ko ion.
• Aluminum yana da ikon samar da nau'ikan isotopes iri-iri, kama daga 21Al zuwa 43Al, tare da kuzari daga 0.05 MeV zuwa 9.6 MeV.
• Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki na aluminum sun sa ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da yawa, daga gine-gine da sufuri zuwa kayan lantarki da marufi.

Aluminium: Chemistry Bayan Karfe

• An gano Aluminum a cikin 1825 ta masanin kimiyyar Danish Hans Christian Oersted.
• Karfe ne bayan canja wuri mai alamar Al da lambar atomic 13.
• Aluminum yana da ƙarfi a zafin daki kuma yana da valence na uku.
• Yana da ƙaramin radius na atomic da kuma electronegative sosai, wanda ke sa ya haɗa ƙarfi da sauran abubuwa don samar da mahadi.
• Abubuwan da ke cikin aluminium sun haɗa da kasancewa kyakkyawan jagorar wutar lantarki da zafi, samun ƙarancin yawa, da kasancewa mai jure lalata.
• Yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar zamani kuma yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa wajen gini, sufuri, da marufi.

Samar da Gyaran Aluminum

• Aluminum da aka samar da Hall-Héroult tsari, wanda ya ƙunshi electrolysis na alumina (Al2O3) a cikin narkakkar cryolite (Na3AlF6).
• Wannan tsari yana da ƙarfin kuzari kuma yana da tsada, amma aluminum yana da yawa kuma ya dace don amfani.
• Ikon samar da aluminium a cikin adadi mai yawa kuma a farashi mai rahusa ya sanya shi zama ƙarfe na yau da kullun a cikin al'ummar zamani.
• Tsarin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi ƙara wasu karafa irin su magnesium don samar da kayan haɗi tare da takamaiman kaddarorin.

Aluminum a cikin yanayi da kuma mai ruwa Chemistry

• Aluminum shi ne mafi yawan ƙarfe a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya, amma ba a samo shi a cikin tsarkinsa ba.
• An fi samun shi a cikin ma'adanai irin su bauxite da yumbu.
• Aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) wani fili ne na kowa wanda ke samuwa lokacin da aluminum ya amsa tare da mafita mai ruwa kamar potassium hydroxide (KOH).
• A gaban ruwa, aluminum ta samar da wani siriri na oxide a samansa, wanda ke kare shi daga lalacewa.

Amfani da aikace-aikacen Aluminum

• Aluminum yana da fa'idar amfani da yawa saboda kaddarorinsa, gami da kasancewa mara nauyi, ƙarfi, da sauƙin aiki da su.
• An fi amfani da shi wajen gine-gine da gine-gine, sufuri, marufi, da kayan lantarki.
• Aluminum ya dace don yin ƙananan sassa na bakin ciki, irin su foil, da manyan guda, irin su firam ɗin gini.
• Ikon haɗakar da aluminum tare da sauran karafa yana ba da damar samar da kayan haɗi tare da ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin, irin su ƙarfi da juriya na lalata.
• Ana amfani da sandunan Aluminum a cikin wayoyi na lantarki saboda kyawawan halayensu.

Asalin Aluminium: Yadda Yake Faruwa a Halitta

• Aluminum shine kashi na uku mafi yawa a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, wanda ya kai kusan 8% na nauyinsa.
• Yana da ƙarancin adadin atomic, tare da alamar Al da lambar atomic 13.
• Ba a samun Aluminum a cikin tsaftataccen tsari a yanayi, amma a hade tare da wasu abubuwa da mahadi.
• Yana faruwa a cikin ma'adanai iri-iri, ciki har da silicates da oxides, da kuma a cikin nau'i na bauxite, cakuda hydrated aluminum oxides.
• Bauxite shine tushen farko na aluminium, kuma ana samunsa da yawa a wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da Australia, Guinea, da Brazil.
• Aluminum kuma yana faruwa a cikin duwatsu masu banƙyama kamar aluminosilicates a cikin feldspars, feldspathoids, da micas, kuma a cikin ƙasa da aka samu daga gare su azaman yumbu.
• Bayan ƙarin yanayin yanayi, yana bayyana azaman bauxite da laterite mai arzikin ƙarfe.

Kimiyya Bayan Samuwar Aluminium

• Aluminum an halicce shi ne a cikin tsakiyan taurari ta hanyar halayen haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana fitar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya lokacin da waɗannan taurari suka fashe a matsayin supernovae.
• Hakanan za'a iya samar da shi a cikin ƙananan adadi ta hanyar kona wasu kayan aiki, irin su magnesium, a gaban iskar oxygen.
• Aluminum wani tsayayyen sinadari ne, kuma ba a saurin karyewa ko lalata shi ta hanyar halayen sinadaran.
• Yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma mara nauyi, yana mai da shi abu mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da yawa.

Daban-daban nau'ikan Aluminum a cikin yanayi

• Aluminum na iya zama a cikin nau'i daban-daban dangane da yanayin da aka samo shi.
• A cikin nau'in ƙarfensa, aluminum abu ne mai ƙarfi, ductile, da malleable wanda aka saba amfani dashi wajen samar da samfurori masu yawa.
• Hakanan yana iya kasancewa a cikin sigar mahadi, kamar aluminum oxide (Al2O3), wanda aka fi sani da corundum ko ruby.
• Aluminium na asali, wanda a cikinsa ake samun sinadarin a cikin tsaftataccen nau'insa, ba kasafai ake samunsa ba kuma ana samunsa ne kawai a wasu wurare a duniya, ciki har da Kudancin Amurka da Greenland.
• Hakanan ana iya haɗa aluminum da wasu abubuwa, irin su hydrogen da oxygen, don samar da mahadi kamar aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) da aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

Daga Ma'adinai zuwa Ƙirƙira: Tafiya na Ƙirƙirar Aluminum

• Bauxite shine abu na farko da ake amfani dashi wajen samar da aluminum
• Ana samunsa da yawa a wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi, musamman a Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, da Ostiraliya
• Bauxite wani dutse ne mai ruɗi wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda ma'adanai, gami da aluminum hydroxide, baƙin ƙarfe oxide, da silica.
• Don cire bauxite, masana suna amfani da hanyar da ake kira fashewa, wanda ya haɗa da yin amfani da abubuwan fashewa don cire ƙasa da ƙasa don shiga cikin ma'auni mai arziki da ke ƙasa.
• Ana adana bauxite da aka haƙa a ciki kuma a kai shi zuwa wurin tacewa

Tace Bauxite don Samun Alumina

• Aikin tacewa yana farawa tare da tsaftacewa na bauxite don cire duk wani datti, kamar yumbu da alamun ƙarfe da sauran ƙananan karafa.
• Sai a niƙa da bauxite ɗin da aka goge zuwa kanana kuma a bushe ya zama busasshen foda
• Ana sanya wannan foda a cikin babban tanki, inda aka haɗa shi da wani nau'in soda na musamman da kuma zafi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba
• Sakamakon sinadarai na samar da wani abu mai suna alumina, wanda fari ne, kayan foda
• Ana adana Alumina kuma a kai shi zuwa injin narke don ƙarin sarrafawa

Narke Alumina don Samar da Aluminum

• Tsarin narkewa ya ƙunshi juya alumina zuwa ƙarfe na aluminum
• Hanyar da ake amfani da ita a yawancin ƙasashe ta ƙunshi tsarin Hall-Heroult, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai guda biyu: ragewar alumina zuwa aluminum oxide da electrolysis na aluminum oxide don samar da aluminum karfe.
• Rage alumina zuwa aluminum oxide ya haɗa da dumama alumina tare da wakili mai ragewa, kamar carbon, don cire oxygen da samar da aluminum oxide.
• Aluminum oxide kuma ana narkar da shi a cikin narkakken electrolyte kuma an sanya shi cikin wutar lantarki don samar da ƙarfe na aluminum.
• Tsarin narkewa yana buƙatar babban adadin wuta kuma galibi yana kusa da hanyoyin samun wutar lantarki mai arha, kamar tasoshin wutar lantarki.
• Sakamakon aikin narkewa shine samfuran aluminum masu inganci waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antu da yawa, gami da gini, sufuri, da marufi.

Aluminium: Ƙarfe mai Mahimmanci don Faɗin Aikace-aikace

Aluminum karfe ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai wanda ke da kewayon aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Abu ne mai sauƙi, mai ƙarfi, da ɗorewa wanda ke da sauƙin aiki da shi, yana mai da shi mashahurin zaɓi don aikace-aikace da yawa. A cikin wannan sashe, za mu bincika aikace-aikace daban-daban na aluminum da kuma abubuwan da suka sa ya zama nau'i mai mahimmanci.

Aikace-aikace a Gine-gine da Gina

Aluminum sanannen zaɓi ne don gini da gini saboda nauyinsa mara nauyi da juriya. Wasu daga cikin manyan aikace-aikacen aluminum a cikin gini da gini sun haɗa da:

• Facades, rufi da rufi
• Window, kofofi, da kantuna
• Kayan aikin gine-gine da balustrading
• Tsarin guttering da magudanar ruwa
• Takalmi da shimfidar masana'antu

Aluminum kuma ana amfani da shi wajen gina wuraren wasanni, kamar filayen wasa da fage, saboda nauyinsa mara nauyi da dorewa.

Aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu da masana'antu

Aluminum ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu da masana'antu saboda kayan aikin injiniya da sinadarai. Wasu daga cikin manyan aikace-aikacen aluminum a masana'antu da masana'antu sun haɗa da:

• Layukan watsa wutar lantarki da abubuwan da aka gyara
• Kera gwangwani don abubuwan sha da abinci
• Kayan aiki da kayan dafa abinci
• Abubuwan da ake buƙata don masana'antar sufuri, gami da titin jirgin ƙasa da na kera motoci
• Alloys don aikace-aikacen masana'antu daban-daban, gami da masu haɓakawa da kayan juriya na lalata

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Aluminum kuma an fi amfani da shi azaman foil don marufi da rufi saboda ikonsa na canza zafi da jurewar ruwa da bushewa.

Aluminum Alloys da Aikace-aikacen su

Aluminum alloys ana samar da su ta hanyar hada abubuwa kamar jan karfe, zinc, da silicon don inganta kayan aikin ƙarfe da sinadarai. Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan al'amuran aluminum da aikace-aikacen su sun haɗa da:

• Alloys ɗin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kera na'urori daban-daban saboda ƙarfin su da kyakkyawan tsari
• Cast alloys- ana amfani da su wajen kera hadaddun abubuwa saboda iyawarsu ta jefar da su cikin sifofi masu rikitarwa
• Kynal - dangin gami da masana'antun sarrafa sinadarai na Imperial na Burtaniya suka haɓaka waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai wajen kera layin watsa wutar lantarki da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.

Kasuwar Duniya don Aluminum

Aluminum yana daya daga cikin karafa da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya, tare da kewayon aikace-aikace a masana'antu daban-daban. Kasuwancin aluminium na duniya yana da mahimmanci, tare da yawancin samar da aluminium daga China, sannan Rasha da Kanada. Ana sa ran buƙatun aluminium zai ci gaba da girma, musamman a cikin masana'antar kera motoci da gine-gine, yayin da buƙatar kayan nauyi da ƙarfi ke ƙaruwa.

Aiki tare da Aluminium: Dabaru da Tukwici

Idan ya zo ga yin aiki tare da aluminum, akwai ƴan dabaru da tukwici waɗanda zasu iya sa tsarin ya fi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci:

• Yanke: Ana iya yanke Aluminum ta amfani da kayan aiki iri-iri, ciki har da saws, shears, har ma da yankan akwati mai sauƙi. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da kayan aiki mai dacewa don aikin kuma don kula da kada ya lalata kayan aiki a cikin tsari.

• Lankwasawa: Aluminum ƙarfe ne mai laushi mai ɗanɗano, wanda ke sauƙaƙa lankwasawa da siffa ta nau'i daban-daban. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da dabarar da ta dace don kauce wa lalacewa ko barin alamun da ba su da kyau.

• Haɗuwa: Ana iya haɗa aluminum ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da walda, brazing, da soldering. Kowace hanya tana da nata amfani da rashin amfani, dangane da takamaiman aikace-aikacen.

• Ƙarshe: Ana iya gama aluminum ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da gogewa, anodizing, da zane-zane. Kowace hanya tana da fa'idodinta na musamman kuma ana iya amfani da su don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan kamanni da ƙare iri-iri.

Aikace-aikace

Aluminum ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da:

• Gina: Aluminum sanannen zaɓi ne don kayan gini saboda ƙarfinsa, ƙarfinsa, da kaddarorinsa masu nauyi.

• Dafa abinci: Ana amfani da aluminium sau da yawa a cikin kayan dafa abinci saboda ikonsa na gudanar da zafi cikin sauri da kuma daidai.

• Haɗin kewayawa da tubalan: Aluminum yawanci ana amfani da shi wajen samar da haɗin da'ira da tubalan saboda ikonsa na sarrafa wutar lantarki.

• Marufi: Ana amfani da Aluminum don samar da kayan marufi iri-iri, gami da gwangwani, foil, har ma da kwali.

Tasirin Muhalli

Yayin da aluminum abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma mai amfani, yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da tasirin muhalli. Samar da aluminum yana buƙatar iko mai yawa kuma zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga yanayin idan ba a yi shi da kyau ba. Duk da haka, akwai nau'o'in fasaha da matakai da za a iya amfani da su don rage tasirin muhalli na samar da aluminum da amfani.

Tasirin Muhalli na Samar da Aluminum

Aluminum wani sinadari ne mai guba wanda zai iya yin illa ga muhallin ruwa. Lokacin da aka sake shi a cikin ruwa, yana iya haifar da asarar ions na plasma- da haemolymph a cikin kifi da invertebrates, wanda zai haifar da gazawar osmoregulatory. Wannan na iya haifar da asarar tsire-tsire da nau'in dabbobi, wanda ke haifar da raguwar nau'in halittu. Bugu da ƙari, fitar da hayaƙin sulfuric yayin kera aluminum na iya haifar da ruwan sama na acid, wanda ke ƙara cutar da yanayin ruwa.

Tsarin muhalli na ƙasa

Samar da aluminium kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Ana saran gandun daji sau da yawa don samar da wuraren samar da kayan aikin aluminum, wanda ke haifar da asarar wurin zama ga nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi da yawa. Har ila yau, sakin gurɓataccen abu a cikin iska na iya cutar da lafiyar al'ummomin da ke kusa da namun daji. Gurbacewar kasa wani lamari ne, domin sinadaran da ake amfani da su wajen kera kayayyaki na iya shiga cikin kasa da cutar da rayuwar tsirrai.

Kammalawa

Don haka a can kuna da shi, yawancin amfani da aluminum da kuma dalilin da yasa yake da irin wannan abu mai amfani. Ƙarfe ne mara nauyi da ƙarfi mai yawa, wanda ya sa ya zama cikakke don gini, sufuri, da marufi. Bugu da ƙari, ba mai guba ba ne kuma maras maganadisu, don haka yana da aminci don amfani. Don haka kada ku ji tsoron amfani da shi! Kuna iya sake sarrafa shi koyaushe idan kun gama dashi.

Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Likitan Kayan aiki, mai tallan abun ciki, kuma uba. Ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki, kuma tare da ƙungiyara Na ƙirƙira zurfafan labaran yanar gizo tun daga 2016 don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da kayan aiki & dabarun ƙira.