Ana amfani da tsarin sarrafawa don kula da saiti ko fitarwa da ake so ta hanyar daidaita siginar shigarwa. Tsarin sarrafawa na iya zama buɗaɗɗen madauki ko rufaffiyar madauki. Buɗe tsarin sarrafa madauki bashi da madaidaicin amsa kuma rufaffiyar tsarin sarrafa madauki suna yi.
A cikin wannan labarin, zan bayyana abin da tsarin sarrafawa yake, yadda suke aiki, da kuma yadda ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullum. Ƙari ga haka, zan raba wasu abubuwa masu daɗi game da tsarin sarrafawa da ƙila ba ku sani ba!
A cikin wannan sakon za mu rufe:
- Tsare-tsaren Sarrafa- Fasahar Ƙira da Aiwatar da su
- Buɗe madauki da kulawar madauki: Bambanci tsakanin gyaran kai da ingantaccen fitarwa
- Tsare-tsaren Sarrafa Bayani: Kawo Sarrafa zuwa mataki na gaba
- Sarrafa dabaru: Sauƙaƙe da Tsarukan Sarrafa Ingantattun
- Ikon kashewa: Hanya mafi sauƙi don Sarrafa zafin jiki
- Sarrafa Linear: Fasahar Kula da Abubuwan da ake so
- Ma'anar Fuzzy: Tsarin Sarrafa Mai Sauƙi
- Kammalawa
Tsare-tsaren Sarrafa- Fasahar Ƙira da Aiwatar da su
Tsarin sarrafawa sun haɗa da tsarin saiti da kiyaye wani fitarwa ta musamman ta hanyar daidaita siginar shigarwa. Manufar ita ce samar da ingantaccen fitarwa mai daidaituwa, duk da kowane canje-canje na farko a cikin shigarwar. Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa, ciki har da masu zuwa:
- Matakin shigarwa: inda aka karɓi siginar shigarwa
- Matakin sarrafawa: inda ake sarrafa siginar da bincikar siginar
- Matakin fitarwa: inda aka samar da siginar fitarwa
Matsayin Sarrafa Tsarukan Gudanarwa a Samfura
Tsarin sarrafawa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samarwa da rarrabawa a yawancin masana'antu. Ana amfani da fasaha ta atomatik sau da yawa don aiwatar da waɗannan tsarin, wanda zai iya zama mai rikitarwa da tsada don ginawa. Ana buƙatar abubuwa masu zuwa don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa:
- Kyakkyawan fahimtar tsarin da ake sarrafawa
- Ikon tsarawa da aiwatar da daidaitaccen nau'in tsarin kulawa
- Kunshin daidaitattun ƙira da dabaru waɗanda za a iya amfani da su ga yanayi na musamman
Matakan Da Ke Cikin Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Gudanarwa
Tsarin ƙirƙirar tsarin sarrafawa ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Zayyana tsarin tsarin: Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙayyade nau'in tsarin sarrafawa da ake buƙata da abubuwan da za a haɗa
- Aiwatar da tsarin: Wannan ya haɗa da gina tsarin a hankali da gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cewa yana aiki daidai
- Kula da tsarin: Wannan ya haɗa da sa ido kan yadda tsarin ke aiki a kan lokaci da yin duk wani canje-canje masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ya ci gaba da aiki daidai.
Buɗe madauki da kulawar madauki: Bambanci tsakanin gyaran kai da ingantaccen fitarwa
Ana kuma san tsarin kula da madauki na buɗaɗɗen a matsayin sarrafawar mara amsawa. Waɗannan tsarin suna da ƙayyadaddun fitarwa wanda ba a daidaita shi bisa kowane shigarwa ko amsawa. Tsarin tsarin kula da madauki na al'ada ne kuma ya haɗa da shigarwa, saiti, da fitarwa. Shigar ita ce siginar da ake amfani da ita don samar da abin da ake so. Wurin da aka saita shine ƙimar manufa don fitarwa. Fitowar ita ce sakamakon aikin da ke gudana.
Misalan tsarin sarrafa madauki na buɗaɗɗe sun haɗa da:
- Toaster: Ana sanya lever a cikin lokacin "kan", kuma ana dumama coils zuwa ƙayyadadden zafin jiki. Toaster yana ci gaba da zafi har zuwa lokacin da aka ƙayyade, kuma toast ɗin ya tashi.
- Ikon tafiye-tafiye a cikin abin hawa: An saita abubuwan sarrafawa don kiyaye tsayayyen saurin gudu. Tsarin baya daidaitawa dangane da yanayin canzawa, kamar tuddai ko iska.
Ikon rufaffiyar madauki: Gyaran kai don daidaitaccen fitarwa
Tsarukan sarrafa madauki, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin sarrafa martani, suna da ikon gyara kansu don kula da ingantaccen fitarwa. Bambanci tsakanin tsarin bude-madauki da tsarin madauki shine tsarin rufaffiyar madauki yana da ikon gyara kansa yayin da tsarin madauki ba ya. Tsarin tsarin kula da madauki yana kama da tsarin madauki mai buɗewa, amma ya haɗa da madaidaicin amsawa. Madaidaicin martani yana kaiwa daga fitarwa zuwa shigarwar, yana ba da damar tsarin don ci gaba da saka idanu da daidaitawa dangane da canza yanayin.
Misalan tsarin sarrafa madauki sun haɗa da:
- Kula da yanayin zafi a cikin ɗaki: Tsarin yana daidaita dumama ko sanyaya bisa yanayin zafi a cikin ɗakin don kula da daidaitaccen zafin jiki.
- Ikon haɓakawa a cikin tsarin sauti: Tsarin yana daidaita haɓakawa bisa ga fitarwa don kiyaye daidaitaccen matakin sauti.
Tsare-tsaren Sarrafa Bayani: Kawo Sarrafa zuwa mataki na gaba
Tsarin sarrafa martani wani nau'in tsarin sarrafawa ne wanda ke amfani da fitar da tsari don sarrafa shigarwar. A wasu kalmomi, tsarin yana karɓar sigina daga tsarin da ake sarrafawa kuma yana amfani da siginar don daidaita shigarwar don cimma abin da ake so.
Zane-zane da Sunaye masu Haɗe da Tsarin Sarrafa Bayani
Akwai zane-zane da sunaye da yawa masu alaƙa da tsarin sarrafa martani, gami da:
- Toshe zane-zane: Waɗannan suna nuna sassan tsarin sarrafa martani da yadda ake haɗa su.
- Ayyukan canja wuri: Waɗannan suna bayyana alaƙar shigarwa da fitarwa na tsarin.
- Tsarukan Rufe: Waɗannan tsarin sarrafa martani ne inda ake mayar da abin da aka fitar zuwa wurin shigarwa don kula da abin da ake so.
- Tsarukan madauki: Waɗannan tsarin sarrafa martani ne inda ba a mayar da abin da aka fitar zuwa shigarwar ba.
Sarrafa dabaru: Sauƙaƙe da Tsarukan Sarrafa Ingantattun
Ikon dabaru wani nau'in tsarin sarrafawa ne wanda ke amfani da dabaru na Boolean ko wasu ayyuka masu ma'ana don yanke shawara da tafiyar matakai. Yana da sauƙi kuma ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, ciki har da samarwa, masana'antu, da injiniyan lantarki.
Ta yaya Gudanar da Logic ke Aiki?
An tsara tsarin sarrafa dabaru don sarrafa abubuwa iri-iri da kuma samar da abin da ake so. Babban hanyar aiki shine kamar haka:
- Tsarin yana karɓar siginar shigarwa, wanda yawanci a cikin nau'i na lantarki.
- Sannan ana kwatanta siginar shigar da ƙima ko aya, wanda aka adana a cikin tsarin.
- Idan siginar shigarwa daidai ne, tsarin zai yi takamaiman aiki ko canzawa zuwa takamaiman saiti.
- Idan siginar shigarwa ba daidai ba ne, tsarin zai ci gaba da karɓar shigarwar har sai an kai madaidaicin ƙimar.
Misalai na Tsarukan Sarrafa Hanyoyi
Ana amfani da tsarin sarrafa dabaru a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da:
- Fitilar zirga-zirga: Fitilar zirga-zirga suna amfani da sarrafa dabaru don canzawa tsakanin fitulun ja, rawaya, da koren dangane da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa.
- Mutum-mutumi na masana'antu: Mutum-mutumi na masana'antu suna amfani da sarrafa dabaru don yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar walda, zane-zane, da haɗuwa.
- Injin wanki ta atomatik: Injin wanki ta atomatik suna amfani da sarrafa dabaru don canzawa tsakanin zagayowar wanka daban-daban da yanayin zafi dangane da shigar mai amfani.
Ikon kashewa: Hanya mafi sauƙi don Sarrafa zafin jiki
Ikon kashewa a tarihi ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar amfani da relays masu haɗin gwiwa, masu ƙidayar kyamara, da maɓalli waɗanda aka gina a cikin jerin tsani. Koyaya, tare da ci gaban fasaha, ana iya aiwatar da sarrafa kashewa yanzu ta amfani da microcontrollers, ƙwararrun masu sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye, da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
Misalan Ikon Kashewa
Wasu misalan samfuran da ke amfani da sarrafa kashewa sun haɗa da:
- Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na cikin gida waɗanda ke kunna injin zafi lokacin da zafin ɗakin ya faɗi ƙasa da saitin da ake so kuma a kashe shi idan ya hau sama.
- Refrigerators da ke kunna compressor lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin firij ya tashi sama da zafin da ake so kuma a kashe shi idan ya gangara ƙasa.
- Injin wanki waɗanda ke amfani da sarrafa kashewa don haifar da ayyuka masu alaƙa daban-daban.
- Masu motsa jiki na huhu waɗanda ke amfani da sarrafa kashewa don kiyaye wani matakin matsa lamba.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da On-Off Control
Amfanin sarrafa kashewa sun haɗa da:
- Yana da sauƙi kuma mai arha don aiwatarwa.
- Yana da sauƙin fahimta da aiwatarwa.
- Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin nau'ikan injuna da ayyuka daban-daban.
Lalacewar sarrafa kan kashewa sun haɗa da:
- Yana haifar da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin tsarin, wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan tasiri akan samfur ko tsarin da ake sarrafawa.
- Maiyuwa ba zai iya kula da wurin da ake so daidai ba, musamman a cikin tsarin da ke da dumbin zafin jiki.
- Yana iya haifar da lalacewa da tsagewa akan maɓallan lantarki da relays, wanda ke haifar da sauyawa akai-akai.
Sarrafa Linear: Fasahar Kula da Abubuwan da ake so
Ka'idar sarrafawa ta layi ta dogara ne akan ka'idodi da yawa waɗanda ke jagorantar yadda tsarin sarrafa layin ke aiki. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun haɗa da:
- Ka'idar watsi da tasirin da ba a so: Wannan ka'ida ta ɗauka cewa duk wani tasirin da ba a so na tsarin za a iya watsi da shi.
- Ka'idar ƙari: Wannan ƙa'idar tana manne da ra'ayi cewa fitarwar tsarin layi shine jimillar abubuwan da kowace shigarwa ke aiki ita kaɗai.
- Ka'idar babban matsayi: Wannan ka'ida tana ɗauka cewa fitarwar tsarin layi shine jimillar abubuwan da kowace shigarwa ke samarwa ita kaɗai.
Shari'ar Marasa Layi
Idan tsarin bai bi ka'idodin ƙari da daidaituwa ba, ana ɗaukar shi mara kyau. A wannan yanayin, ma'anar ma'anar yawanci murabba'in sharuddan ne. Tsarukan da ba na kan layi ba sa yin aiki daidai da tsarin layi kuma suna buƙatar hanyoyin sarrafawa daban-daban.
Ma'anar Fuzzy: Tsarin Sarrafa Mai Sauƙi
Fuzzy Logic nau'in tsarin sarrafawa ne wanda ke amfani da saiti masu ruɗi don canza siginar shigarwa zuwa siginar fitarwa. Tsarin lissafi ne wanda ke nazarin ƙimar shigar da analog dangane da ma'auni masu ma'ana waɗanda ke ɗaukar ci gaba da ƙima tsakanin 0 da 1. Fuzzy Logic shine tsarin sarrafawa mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya ɗaukar canje-canje a cikin siginar shigarwa kuma daidaita siginar fitarwa daidai.
Misalai na Fuzzy Logic a Action
Ana amfani da dabaru masu banƙyama a fagage da yawa don aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa na sarrafawa. Ga wasu misalai:
- Maganin ruwa: Ana amfani da ma'ana mai ban tsoro don sarrafa kwararar ruwa ta hanyar shukar magani. Tsarin yana daidaita magudanar ruwa bisa ga yanayin ruwa na yanzu da ingancin fitarwa da ake so.
- Tsarin HVAC: Ana amfani da ma'ana mai ban tsoro don sarrafa zafin jiki da zafi a cikin gini. Tsarin yana daidaita yanayin zafi da zafi bisa ga halin yanzu na ginin da matakin jin daɗin da ake so.
- Gudanar da zirga-zirga: Ana amfani da dabaru masu ban mamaki don sarrafa zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta hanyar mahadar. Tsarin yana daidaita lokacin fitilun zirga-zirga bisa ga yanayin zirga-zirga na yanzu.
Kammalawa
Don haka, ana amfani da tsarin sarrafawa don sarrafa matakai a cikin masana'antu da yawa, kuma sun haɗa da ƙira, aiwatarwa, da kuma kiyaye tsarin da ke kula da ingantaccen fitarwa duk da canje-canje a cikin shigarwar.
Ba za ku iya yin kuskure ba tare da tsarin sarrafawa, don haka kada ku ji tsoron amfani da ɗaya a cikin aikinku na gaba! Don haka, ci gaba da sarrafa duniyar ku!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Likitan Kayan aiki, mai tallan abun ciki, kuma uba. Ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki, kuma tare da ƙungiyara Na ƙirƙira zurfafan labaran yanar gizo tun daga 2016 don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da kayan aiki & dabarun ƙira.
