Don dabara, duba Hoto. Hoto ko hoto hoto ne da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar haske yana faɗowa a saman ƙasa mai haske, yawanci fim ɗin hoto ko matsakaicin lantarki kamar CCD ko guntu CMOS.
Yawancin hotuna an ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar amfani da kyamara, wanda ke amfani da ruwan tabarau don mayar da hankali ga tsayin daka na hasken da ake iya gani zuwa wani abin da idon ɗan adam zai gani. Hanya da aikin ƙirƙirar hotuna ana kiranta daukar hoto.
Sir John Herschel ne ya kirkiro kalmar "hoton" a cikin 1839 kuma ta dogara ne akan Greek φῶς (phos), ma'ana "haske", da γραφή (graphê), ma'ana "zane, rubutu", tare da ma'anar "zane da haske".
A cikin wannan sakon za mu rufe:
Cire Ma'anar Hoto
Hoto ba kawai hoto ne mai sauƙi da kyamara ko wayar hannu ke ɗauka ba. Wani nau'i ne na fasaha wanda ke ɗaukar ɗan lokaci a cikin lokaci, yana samar da zanen haske wanda aka rubuta akan wani wuri mai ɗaukar hoto. Kalmar “hoto” ta fito ne daga kalmomin Helenanci “phos” ma’ana haske da “graphē” ma’ana zane.
Tushen Hoto
Tushen daukar hoto za a iya gano shi tun shekarun 1800 lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri hotuna na farko ta hanyar amfani da fim ɗin hoto. A yau, da zuwan fasahar dijital, ana iya ƙirƙira hotuna ta amfani da na'urori masu auna hoto na lantarki irin su CCD ko CMOS chips.
Jigogi na Zamani da Ra'ayoyin Hotuna
Ɗaukar hoto ya samo asali daga kasancewa kawai rikodin hoto mai sauƙi zuwa tsarin fasaha mai rikitarwa wanda ke bincika jigogi da ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin jigogi na zamani da ra'ayoyin daukar hoto sun haɗa da:
- Hoto: ɗaukar ainihin mutum ta hanyar hotonsa
- Tsarin ƙasa: kama kyawawan yanayi da muhalli
- Har yanzu rayuwa: kama kyawawan abubuwa marasa rai
- Abstract: bincika amfani da launi, siffa, da tsari don ƙirƙirar hoto na musamman
Matsayin Fasaha a cikin Hoto
Fasaha ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a juyin halittar daukar hoto. Tare da gabatar da shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da kyamarori na dijital, masu daukar hoto yanzu za su iya sarrafa su da haɓaka hotunan su don ƙirƙirar ayyukan fasaha na musamman da ban mamaki.
Binciko Duniya Mai Ban sha'awa Na Nau'in Hoto da Salon
Idan ana maganar daukar hoto, akwai nau'ikan hotuna da za ku iya ɗauka. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan nau'ikan hotuna da zaku iya la'akari dasu:
- Hotunan yanayi: Wannan nau'in hoto ya ƙunshi ɗaukar kyawawan yanayi, gami da shimfidar wurare, tsaunuka, da namun daji.
- Hoton Hoto: Irin wannan hoton ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ainihin mutum ko ƙungiyar mutane. Ana iya yin shi a cikin ɗakin studio ko a waje, kuma yana iya zama na yau da kullum ko na yau da kullum.
- Ɗaukar Hoto Mai Kyau: Wannan nau'in ɗaukar hoto duk game da ƙirƙirar wani abu ne na musamman da ƙarfi. Ya dogara da ƙirƙira da hangen nesa mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma yana iya haɗawa da salo da salo iri-iri.
Daban-daban Salo da Salon Hoto
Ɗaukar hoto haɗuwa ne na salo da nau'i daban-daban. Ga wasu shahararrun kuma shahararrun salo da nau'ikan daukar hoto:
- Hotunan Hotuna: Irin wannan nau'in daukar hoto yana game da ɗaukar kyawawan yanayi, ciki har da duwatsu, dazuzzuka, da kuma teku. Yana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun saiti da kyakkyawar ido don daki-daki.
- Hotunan titi: Irin wannan hoton ya ƙunshi ɗaukar rayuwar yau da kullun na mutane a wuraren taruwar jama'a. Yana buƙatar aiki da yawa da kyakkyawar fahimtar fasalulluka na kyamarar ku.
- Hotunan Baƙar fata da Fari: Wannan nau'in ɗaukar hoto duk game da amfani da haske da inuwa don ƙirƙirar hoto mai ƙarfi da keɓaɓɓen. Yana ba da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa da layi waɗanda zasu iya canza yanayin sauƙi zuwa wani abu mai ban mamaki.
Juyin Halitta na Hoto: Daga Niépce zuwa Luc
A farkon karni na 19, wani Bafaranshe mai suna Joseph Nicéphore Niépce ya fara sha’awar neman hanyar samar da hotuna na dindindin. Ya gwada da hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da zane-zane na lithographic da zane mai mai, amma babu wanda ya yi nasara. A ƙarshe, a cikin Fabrairun 1826, ya samar da hoton farko ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da ya kira heliography. Ya sanya farantin pewter da aka lulluɓe da wani bayani mai haske a cikin kyamara kuma ya fallasa shi zuwa haske na sa'o'i da yawa. Wuraren da aka fallasa ga haske sun zama duhu, sun bar sassan saman farantin ba a taɓa su ba. Sai Niépce ya wanke farantin tare da sauran ƙarfi, ya bar wani na musamman, cikakken hoto na ra'ayi a gaban kyamara.
The Daguerreotype: Shahararriyar Sigar Hoton Farko
Abokin aikinsa Louis Daguerre ne ya inganta tsarin Niépce, wanda ya haifar da daguerreotype, nau'in daukar hoto na farko. Hanyar Daguerre ta ƙunshi fallasa farantin tagulla da aka yi da azurfa zuwa haske, wanda ya haifar da cikakken hoto wanda aka haɓaka da tururin mercury. Daguerreotype ya zama sananne a cikin 1840s da 1850s, kuma yawancin masana fasaha sun fito a wannan lokacin.
Tsarin Rigar Plate Collodion: Babban Ci gaba
A tsakiyar karni na 19, an kirkiro wani sabon tsari da ake kira da wet plate collodion process. Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi shafa farantin gilashi tare da bayani mai saurin haske, fallasa shi zuwa haske, sannan haɓaka hoton. Tsarin collodion na rigar ya inganta ikon samar da hotuna akan sikeli mai girma kuma an yi amfani da shi don rubuta yakin basasar Amurka.
Juyin Juyin Dijital
A ƙarshen karni na 20, ɗaukar hoto na dijital ya fito a matsayin sabuwar hanyar samar da hotuna. Wannan ya haɗa da yin amfani da kyamarar dijital don ɗaukar hoto, wanda za'a iya gani da kuma daidaita shi akan kwamfuta. Ikon dubawa da shirya hotuna nan take ya canza yadda muke ɗauka da raba hotuna.
Kammalawa
Don haka, abin da hoto ke nan. Hoton da aka ɗauka tare da kamara, ko waya kwanakin nan, wanda ke ɗaukar ɗan lokaci a cikin lokaci kuma ya samar da fasaha.
Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da daukar hoto yanzu da kun san abubuwan yau da kullun, kuma koyaushe kuna iya kallon wasu manyan masu daukar hoto waɗanda suka ƙarfafa mu da aikinsu. Don haka kada ku ji kunya kuma ku gwada!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Likitan Kayan aiki, mai tallan abun ciki, kuma uba. Ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki, kuma tare da ƙungiyara Na ƙirƙira zurfafan labaran yanar gizo tun daga 2016 don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da kayan aiki & dabarun ƙira.
