Pigments sune masu canza launin da ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa amma suna narkewa a cikin wasu kaushi na kwayoyin halitta. Suna yawanci finely ƙasa barbashi ƙara zuwa a m yin fenti ko tawada. Akwai na halitta pigments da roba pigments.
A cikin wannan labarin, zan gaya muku duka game da su. Don haka, bari mu fara! Kun shirya? Nima na shirya! Mu nutse a ciki!
A cikin wannan sakon za mu rufe:
- Fitar da Ƙarfin Alamu a cikin Paints da Coatings
- Juyin Halitta a cikin Paint: Tarihi mai launi
- Duniyar Ban sha'awa na Pigments na Halittu a cikin Paint
- Bincika Chemistry na Pigments a cikin Paint
- Daure Pigments: Mabuɗin Ƙirƙirar Zane Mai Dorewa
- Bari Muyi Magana Game da Bayyana Gaskiya da Faɗakarwa a cikin Paint Pigments
- Kammalawa
Fitar da Ƙarfin Alamu a cikin Paints da Coatings
Pigments sune masu launin launi waɗanda ke ba da fenti da suturar su na musamman. Yawanci ɓangarorin da ba za a iya narkewa ba ne waɗanda ke ƙasa da kyau kuma an ƙara su zuwa fenti ko tsarin sutura don ba da launi, girma, ko abin da ake so na zahiri da sinadarai zuwa fim ɗin jika ko busassun. Pigments na iya zama na halitta ko na roba, kuma sun zo cikin launuka iri-iri, daga launin ruwan kasa da kore zuwa ja, shuɗi, da rawaya.
Matsayin Pigments a Launi
Pigments suna aiki ta hanyar nunawa ko watsa haske don ƙirƙirar fahimtar launi. Lokacin da haske ya sami pigment, wasu daga cikinsu suna shiga yayin da sauran ke nunawa ko watsawa. Launin da muke gani shine sakamakon tsayin daka na haske wanda ke nunawa ko kuma yada shi ta hanyar pigment. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake yawan kwatanta pigments a matsayin masu mallakar launi.
Muhimmancin Zabar Alamomin Da Ya dace
Zaɓin abubuwan da suka dace yana da mahimmanci don cimma launi da ake so da kayan aiki a cikin fenti da sutura. Wasu abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar pigments sun haɗa da:
- Nau'in fenti ko sutura da ake amfani da shi
- Launin da ake so da gamawa
- Abubuwan da ake buƙata na zahiri da sinadarai
- Kayan da ake shafa
- Yanayin muhalli da rufin za a fallasa su
Juyin Halitta a cikin Paint: Tarihi mai launi
• ’Yan Adam sun yi amfani da kayan alade sama da shekaru 40,000, kamar yadda zane-zanen kogo suka tabbatar.
- Alamomin asali sun samo asali ne daga tushen halitta kamar ma'adanai, yumbu, da masu launi na dabba.
- An niƙa waɗannan alamomin a cikin foda mai kyau ta amfani da kayan aiki na farko kuma an haɗa su da abin ɗaure don ƙirƙirar fenti.
- Alamomin farko da aka sani sune ja da rawaya ocher, ƙona sienna da umber, da farin alli.
Allolin Masarawa da na Indiya na da
• Masarawa na dā sun fi son launin shuɗi, irin su lapis lazuli da silicate na jan karfe.
- Masu zane-zane na Indiya sun yi amfani da rini na halitta da aka samu daga shuke-shuke da kwari don ƙirƙirar launuka masu haske.
- An kuma yi amfani da lamunin dalma, irin su farin gubar da rawaya-tin titin, a zamanin da.
Haɓaka Abubuwan Lantarki na roba
• A ƙarni na 18 da na 19, masanan kimiyya sun gano sabbin hanyoyin ƙirƙirar pigments na roba, irin su phthalo blue da baƙin ƙarfe anhydrous.
- Wadannan pigments sun fi sauƙi don samarwa kuma sun zo cikin launuka masu yawa fiye da takwarorinsu na halitta.
- Yin amfani da kayan aikin roba ya ba da izinin haɓaka sabbin salon fasaha, kamar launuka masu haske da Vermeer ke amfani da shi.
Duniyar Ban sha'awa na Pigments na Halittu a cikin Paint
Pigments na halitta abubuwa ne da halittu masu rai ke samarwa waɗanda ke da launi sakamakon zaɓin launi. Wadannan pigments suna samuwa a cikin yanayi kuma ana iya samar da su ta hanyar tsire-tsire, dabbobi, har ma da mutane. Ana kiran su pigments na halitta saboda halittu masu rai ne ke samar da su.
Samar da Pigments na Halittu
Halittu masu rai suna samar da pigments na halitta kuma ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan kayan aiki, ciki har da tsirrai, dabbobi, har ma da itace. Jiki ne ke samar da su kuma su ne muhimmin abu a yadda yanayi ke aiki. Samar da pigments na halitta yana da alaƙa da furotin da jiki ke buƙata don cimma launi.
Bincika Chemistry na Pigments a cikin Paint
Pigments sune abubuwa masu launi waɗanda ke ba da launin launi. Tsarin sinadaran na pigments yana ƙayyade launin su, dorewa, da aikace-aikace. Pigments na iya zama kwayoyin halitta ko inorganic, kuma kowane nau'i yana da kaddarorin musamman waɗanda ke shafar amfani da su a cikin fenti. Ga wasu al'amuran yau da kullun da abubuwan sinadaran su:
- Inorganic pigments: Wadannan pigments yawanci sun fi haske da kuma dorewa fiye da kwayoyin halitta. Sun hada da:
– Titanium fari: Wannan simintin an yi shi ne daga titanium dioxide kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin fenti, kayan kwalliya, da sauran kayayyaki.
- Cadmium rawaya: An yi wannan launi daga cadmium sulfide kuma an san shi da haske, launi mai dumi.
– Ultramarine blue: Wannan simintin an yi shi ne daga sodium aluminum sulfosilicate kuma an halicce shi ta asali ta hanyar niƙa dutsen lapis lazuli mai daraja.
– Konewar sienna: Ana yin wannan labulen ne daga ɗanyen sienna da aka yi zafi don ƙirƙirar launi mai duhu, ja-launin ruwan kasa.
– Vermilion: An yi wannan simin daga mercuric sulfide kuma ana amfani dashi tun zamanin da don launin ja mai haske.
- Alamomin halitta: Ana yin waɗannan pigments daga ƙwayoyin da ke da tushen carbon kuma yawanci ba su da ƙarfi fiye da ingantattun aladun. Sun hada da:
- Phthalo kore: An yi wannan simintin daga jan karfe phthalocyanin kuma an san shi da haske, launin shuɗi-kore.
– Hansa yellow: Ana yin wannan kalar ne daga mahadi na azo kuma ana amfani da ita a kayan kwalliya da sauran kayayyaki.
– Phthalo blue: An yi wannan simin daga jan karfe phthalocyanin kuma an san shi da haske, launin shuɗi.
– Rose madder: Ana yin wannan labulen ne daga tushen shukar mahaukata kuma masu fasaha sun yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru aru-aru.
– Farin kasar Sin: Ana yin wannan sinadari ne daga zinc oxide kuma ana amfani da shi a fenti mai launi.
Yadda ake amfani da Pigments a cikin Paint
Abubuwan sinadaran na pigments suna ƙayyade yadda ake amfani da su a cikin fenti. Ga wasu hanyoyin da ake amfani da pigments a fenti:
- Cire wasu tsawon tsawon haske: Pigments suna ɗaukar wasu tsawon tsawon haske kuma suna nuna wasu, wanda ke haifar da launi da muke gani.
- Ƙirƙirar launi na tsari: Wasu pigments, kamar ultramarine blue, suna ƙirƙirar launi na tsari ta hanyar nuna haske ta wata hanya ta musamman.
- Bambance-bambance a lokacin bushewa: Wasu pigments, kamar titanium fari, bushe da sauri, yayin da wasu, kamar konewar sienna, suna ɗaukar tsayi don bushewa.
- Samar da mafita: Wasu pigments, kamar phthalo blue, suna narkewa cikin ruwa kuma ana iya amfani da su a cikin fenti na ruwa.
- Ƙirƙirar launuka daban-daban: Za a iya haɗuwa da pigments tare don ƙirƙirar launi daban-daban, dangane da kayan da ake amfani da su da kuma mahadi.
- Ƙara launi zuwa wasu samfura: Ana amfani da pigments a cikin kewayon samfurori, ciki har da kayan shafawa, yadi, da robobi.
Daure Pigments: Mabuɗin Ƙirƙirar Zane Mai Dorewa
Binders sune kayan da ke haɗa pigments tare a cikin fenti. Suna da alhakin yin amfani da aladun da kuma samar da nau'in da ake so da kuma ƙare na fenti. An yi masu ɗaure galibi da abubuwa masu nauyi, santsi waɗanda za su iya rage sautin fenti da samar da launuka masu yawa.
Nau'in Masu ɗaure
Akwai nau'ikan masu ɗaure da yawa waɗanda masu fasaha ke amfani da su a cikin zane-zanensu. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun su ne:
- Oil: Wannan shi ne jinkirin bushewa mai ɗaure wanda ya dace da samar da wadata, sauti mai zurfi a cikin zane-zane. Shahararren zabi ne a tsakanin masu zane-zane a yau saboda yana ba da damar yin aiki na dogon lokaci kuma ana iya kashe shi ta hanyoyi da yawa.
- Kwai: Wannan maɗaurin bushewa ne mai sauri wanda ya dace da ƙirƙirar santsi, har ma da sautuna a cikin zane-zane. Ya kasance sanannen zaɓi tsakanin masu zane a zamanin da kuma har yanzu wasu masu fasaha suna amfani da shi a yau.
- Tempera: Wannan mai ɗaure mai bushewa da sauri wanda ya dace don ƙirƙirar ƙananan, cikakkun hotuna. Shahararren zabi ne a tsakanin masu fasaha da ke son ƙirƙirar zane-zane tare da babban matakin daki-daki.
Nika Pigments tare da Binders
Don ƙirƙirar fenti, pigments suna ƙasa tare da masu ɗaure don ƙirƙirar santsi, ko da rubutu. Tsarin niƙa zai iya rinjayar launi da launi na fenti, don haka yana da mahimmanci don niƙa pigments daidai. Wasu shawarwari don niƙa pigments tare da binders sun haɗa da:
- Yin amfani da launuka na halitta: Alamomin halitta sun fi sauƙi don niƙa da kuma haifar da daidaiton rubutu fiye da na roba.
- Yin amfani da farar launi: Ƙara farin launi a ƙasa pigments zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar fenti mai amfani.
- Haɗawa da ƙarfi: hada nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke da yawa na iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar fenti wanda ya dace da takamaiman dabarar fasaha.
Iyaka na Binders
Duk da yake masu ɗaure su ne muhimmin sashi na fenti, suna gabatar da wasu iyakoki. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan iyakoki sun haɗa da:
- Jagora: Wasu masu ɗaure sun ƙunshi gubar, wanda zai iya zama cutarwa ga masu fasaha waɗanda ke aiki tare da su. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da masu ɗaure waɗanda ba su ƙunshi gubar ba.
- Lokacin bushewa: Lokacin bushewa na fenti na iya shafar abin da aka yi amfani da shi. Wasu masu ɗaure bushewa da sauri fiye da sauran, wanda zai iya sa ya zama da wahala a yi aiki tare da fenti.
- Tafkuna: Wasu pigments suna shafar abin ɗaure da aka yi amfani da su, wanda zai iya sa su hanzarta ko jinkirta lokacin bushewar fenti.
Ba da Shawarar Madaidaicin ɗaure don Pigment
Zaɓin madaidaicin ɗaure don pigment ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar fenti wanda ya dace da fasahar fasaha da ake so. Wasu nasihu don ba da shawarar madaidaicin ɗaure don pigment sun haɗa da:
- Fahimtar abubuwan da ke cikin pigment: Sanin kaddarorin na pigment na iya taimakawa wajen sanin wane ɗaure zai yi aiki da shi mafi kyau.
- Gwajin ɗaure daban-daban: Gwada nau'ikan ɗaure daban-daban tare da launi na iya taimakawa wajen tantance wanda zai ƙirƙiri rubutun da ake so da gamawa.
- Neman bayanai daga tushe kai tsaye: Neman bayanai daga tushe kai tsaye, kamar masana'anta mai launi ko ɗakin studio wanda ya ƙware a cikin pigment, na iya ba da mahimman bayanai kan abin da za a yi amfani da shi.
Bari Muyi Magana Game da Bayyana Gaskiya da Faɗakarwa a cikin Paint Pigments
Lokacin da muke magana game da launuka masu haske a cikin fenti, muna nufin waɗanda ke ba da damar haske ya ratsa su. Anan akwai wasu abubuwan da yakamata ku sani game da pigments masu haske:
- Sau da yawa ana amfani da launuka masu haske don ƙirƙirar glazes, waɗanda siriri ne na fenti waɗanda ke ba da damar launi a ƙasa don nunawa.
- Saboda launuka masu haske suna ba da damar haske ya wuce, suna iya haifar da tasiri mai haske a cikin zane-zane.
- Alamomin da ke bayyana sun fi zama ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da ɗimbin launi, ma'ana suna iya zama da wahala a gani da kansu.
- Wasu launuka masu kama da gaskiya sun haɗa da phthalo blue, alizarin Crimson, da quinacridone magenta.
Baffa: Lokacin da aka Kashe Haske
A gefe guda kuma, ɓangarorin da ba su da tushe suna toshe haske daga wucewa ta cikin su. Anan akwai wasu abubuwan da yakamata ku sani game da pigments mara kyau:
- Sau da yawa ana amfani da alatun da ba su da kyau don rufe kurakurai ko don ƙirƙirar wuraren launi masu ƙarfi.
- Saboda opaque pigments toshe haske, za su iya haifar da mafi m, matte sakamako a cikin zane-zane.
- Alamomin da ba su da kyau suna da ƙarfi fiye da na zahiri, ma'ana suna iya samun sauƙin gani da kansu.
- Wasu al'amuran da ba a taɓa gani ba sun haɗa da farin titanium, ja cadmium, da shuɗin ultramarine.
Translucent: Kadan na Biyu
Akwai kuma nau'i na uku na pigments da za a yi la'akari: pigments masu juyayi. Alamu masu jujjuyawa suna wani wuri a tsakanin bayyanannu da bayyane, suna barin wasu haske su wuce amma ba duka ba. Wasu nau'ikan launuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da danyen sienna, konewar sienna, da ɗanyen umber.
Kammalawa
Don haka, abin da pigments suke da kuma yadda suke shafar launi na fenti. Su wani abu ne da aka ƙara zuwa abu don canza launinsa, laushinsa, ko wasu kaddarorinsa. Ana amfani da pigments a cikin fenti, sutura, da sauran kayan. Ana amfani da su don canza komai daga bango zuwa tufafi zuwa motoci. Don haka, ku tuna amfani da su kuma ku ji daɗin rayuwa mai launi!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Likitan Kayan aiki, mai tallan abun ciki, kuma uba. Ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki, kuma tare da ƙungiyara Na ƙirƙira zurfafan labaran yanar gizo tun daga 2016 don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da kayan aiki & dabarun ƙira.
