Aia nā plastik ma nā wahi a pau. Mai ka hue wai āu e inu ai a i ke kelepona āu e hoʻohana ai e heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala, ua hana ʻia lākou a pau mai kekahi ʻano plastic. Akā he aha lākou?
ʻO nā plastik nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i loaʻa mai nā polymers organik, ka hapa nui o nā petrochemical. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui a hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi like ʻole. He māmā lākou, lōʻihi, a kūpaʻa i ka ʻino a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
E nānā kākou i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka plastic.
Ma kēia pou e uhi mākou:
ʻO nā Plastics: ʻO nā hale kūkulu o ke ola hou
ʻO nā plastik nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā polymers, ʻo ia nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā molekala. Kūkulu ʻia kēia mau polymers mai nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he monomers, ka mea maʻamau i hoʻolako ʻia mai ka lanahu a i ʻole ke kinoea maoli. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hana ʻana i nā plastics e hui pū i kēia mau monomers a hoʻohele iā lākou i nā pae like ʻole e hoʻohuli iā lākou i mea paʻa. He mea maʻalahi kēia kaʻina hana a hiki ke hana ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi he nui nā ʻano plastics ma waho.
Na Pono o na Pepa
ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai nui o ka plastics ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi ʻano. Paʻa loa nā plastik i ka uila a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e pale i nā kaula uila e lawe ana i ka uila. Pili iki nā plastic, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i nā mea like ʻole. Kūleʻa nui nā plastik i ka wai, no laila kūpono lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu mālama. ʻO ka hope, he māmā nā plastics, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻalahi lākou e lawe a mālama.
ʻO ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o nā plastik
He hopena koʻikoʻi ka plastic i ka kaiapuni. ʻAʻole biodegradable nā plastik, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e wāwahi maoli i ka wā. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki ke noho mau nā plastics i ke kaiapuni no nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani makahiki. Hiki ke ho'opō'ino i nā mea 'ilikai no ka mea 'ai. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā plastics ke hoʻokuʻu i nā kemika ʻino i loko o ke kaiapuni ke puhi ʻia.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo hoihoi o ka huaʻōlelo "Plastic"
I ka ʻepekema a me ka hana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka wehewehe ʻenehana i ka huaʻōlelo "plastic". E pili ana i kahi mea hiki ke hana ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me ka extrusion a i ʻole ke kaomi ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā plastik mai nā ʻano mea like ʻole, me nā mea kūlohelohe e like me cellulose a kūpona nā mea e like me ka polyethylene.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka "Plastic" i ka hana ʻana
Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastics i kahi ākea o nā noi hana, mai nā mea hoʻopihapiha i nā ʻāpana kaʻa. ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka plastic i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole a me nā ipu. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā plastik i ka ʻoihana kūkulu, no ka mea he māmā lākou, paʻa, a kūpaʻa i ka corrosion.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastik ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai kino a me nā kemika, a me kā lākou hana a me ka hana. Eia kekahi o nā papa inoa maʻamau o nā plastics:
- ʻO nā plastics kūʻai: ʻO kēia nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou me nā hale polymer maʻalahi a hana ʻia i ka leo kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻEnekinia plastics: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau plastics i nā noi kūikawā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau a ua haku ʻia i nā hale polymer paʻakikī. He kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kūpaʻa wela a me ke kemika ma mua o nā plastic commodity.
- ʻO nā plastics kūikawā: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau palaka i nā noi kūikawā a ua haku ʻia i nā hale polymer kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa wela a me ke kemika kiʻekiʻe loa o nā plastik āpau.
- Paʻa Amorphous: He ʻano molekala ʻino kēia mau ʻilika a he ʻano maʻamau a ʻālohilohi. He haʻahaʻa ka wela hoʻololi aniani ko lākou a hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻeke a me nā waiwai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
- ʻO nā paʻa paʻa Crystalline: Ua kauoha ʻia kēia mau plastics i ke ʻano molekala a he opaque maʻamau a paʻa. He kiʻekiʻe ko lākou aniani hoʻololi wela a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā waiwai e hoʻokūkū me nā metala.
E ʻike i nā ʻano Plastics like ʻole
ʻO nā plastics kūʻai aku nā ʻano plastik i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka honua. ʻIke ʻia lākou no kā lākou versatility a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano huahana o kēlā me kēia lā. Hana ʻia kēia mau palaka mai nā mea polymer a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana hoʻohana hoʻokahi. ʻO kekahi o nā plastic commodity i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- Polyethylene: ʻO kēia thermoplastic ka plastik kūʻai nui loa ma ka honua, me ka ʻoi aku o 100 miliona tons i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o nā huahana like ʻole, me nā ʻeke plastik, nā ʻōmole wai, a me nā ʻeke meaʻai.
- Polypropylene: Ua ʻike ʻia kēia polyolefin no kona wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, uila, a me nā noi kaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka hale, me nā ipu meaʻai, nā ipu, a me nā mea pāʻani.
- Polystyrene: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia plastic commodity i nā ʻano noi like ʻole, me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana, a me ka lawelawe meaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā huahana foam, e like me nā kīʻaha kope a me nā mea hoʻopili.
ʻEnekinia Plastics: ʻO ke koho ʻoi loa no nā noi ʻenehana
ʻO ka ʻenekinia plastics kahi piʻi aʻe mai nā plastic plastic commodity ma ke ʻano o kā lākou waiwai ʻenehana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā noi like ʻole e koi ai i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā mea uila. ʻO kekahi o nā plastics ʻenekinia i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- ʻO Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS): Ua ʻike ʻia kēia thermoplastic no kona kūpaʻa hopena kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, a me nā mea pāʻani.
- Polycarbonate: ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻenekinia plastic no kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lens, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, a me nā mea uila.
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia thermoplastic i ka hana ʻana i nā hue a me nā huahana ʻai meaʻai.
Nā Plastics Kūikawā: ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea kuʻuna
ʻO nā plastics kūikawā he hui like ʻole o nā plastics i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou ma mua o nā mea kuʻuna, e like me ka lāʻau a me ka metala, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi o nā plastics kūikawā i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- Nā Polyurethanes: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ʻokoʻa kemika i nā noi like ʻole, me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana foam, nā uhi, a me nā mea hoʻopili.
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Hoʻohana maʻamau kēia plastic i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu, nā kaula uila, a me ka papahele.
- ʻO Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) a me ka Polycarbonate Blend: Hoʻohui kēia huila plastik i nā waiwai o ABS a me polycarbonate e hana i kahi mea ikaika, lōʻihi, a me ka wela. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka hana ʻana i nā hihia uila a me nā ʻāpana automotive.
ʻIke ʻana i nā Plastics: ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻana i ka plastik
ʻIke ʻia nā plastik e kahi code i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi triangle liʻiliʻi ma ka huahana. Kōkua kēia code i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka plastic i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka huahana a kōkua i ka hana hou ʻana. Eia nā code ʻehiku a me nā ʻano plastics a lākou e uhi ai:
- Helu 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
- Helu 2: Polyethylene Kiekie (HDPE)
- Helu 3: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Helu 4: Polyethylene Haʻahaʻa Haʻahaʻa (LDPE)
- Helu 5: Polypropylene (PP)
- Helu 6: Polystyrene (PS)
- Code 7: ʻO nā mea palaki ʻē aʻe (e like me ka polycarbonate a me ka ABS)
Plastic Fantastic: ʻO ka laulā o nā noi no nā Plastics
ʻO nā plastics kekahi o nā mea nui a koʻikoʻi loa i ka honua, me ka nui o nā noi i lilo i mea hoʻohui i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka plastic.
- Packaging: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastik i ka ʻeke, mai nā pahu meaʻai a hiki i nā mea hoʻouna. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka maʻalahi o nā plastics i kūpono no ka pale ʻana i nā huahana i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
- Textiles: Hoʻohana ʻia nā fiber synthetic i hana ʻia mai nā plastics i nā ʻano lole like ʻole, mai ka lole a hiki i ka upholstery. He māmā kēia mau mea, ikaika, a kū'ē i ka lole a me ka waimaka.
- Nā mea kūʻai aku: Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastik i kahi ākea o nā mea kūʻai aku, mai nā mea pāʻani a i nā lako kīhini. ʻO ka versatility o nā plastics e hiki ai i nā mea hana ke hana i nā huahana i hana a me ka nani.
ʻO ka halihali a me nā mea uila: nā plastik i ka mīkini a me ka ʻenehana
Pono nō hoʻi nā plastics i ka ʻoihana halihali a me nā ʻoihana uila, kahi i kūpono ai kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā no nā ʻano noi like ʻole:
- Kaʻahele: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastics i nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana aerospace, kahi i kūpono ai kā lākou mau mea māmā a paʻa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea āpau mai nā ʻāpana kaʻa a i nā ʻāpana mokulele.
- Electronics: Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastik i nā ʻano mea uila uila, mai nā smartphones a i nā kamepiula. ʻO nā waiwai insulating o nā plastics e kūpono iā lākou no ka pale ʻana i nā mea uila palupalu mai ka pōʻino.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā Plastics: Nā mea hou a me ka hoʻomau
I ka ʻike ʻana o ka honua i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o nā plastics, ke ulu nei ka manaʻo nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻokoʻa hoʻomau. Eia kekahi mau ala e hana ai ka ʻoihana plastics i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana:
- Bioplastics: Hana ʻia nā bioplastics mai nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me ka starch kulina a me ke kō, a he biodegradable a compostable paha.
- Hana hou: Ke lilo nei ka hana hou i mea nui, me ka nui o nā hui a me nā aupuni e hoʻokomo i nā ʻenehana hou e hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi ka hana hou ʻana.
- Hana Hou: Ke hoʻomau mau nei ka ʻoihana plastics, me nā mea hou a me nā ʻano hana e hoʻomohala ʻia i nā manawa āpau. Ke kōkua nei kēia mau mea hou i ka hana ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā plastics.
ʻO Plastics a me ke Kaiapuni: He Pilina Pilikino
ʻO nā plastik, ʻoiai nā mea pono a me nā mea maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaiapuni. ʻAʻole hou ka pilikia o ka pollution plastic a ke ulu nei ka hopohopo no nā ʻepekema a me nā mea kaiapuni no hoʻokahi haneli. Eia kekahi o nā ala e hiki ai i ka plastic ke hōʻino i ke kaiapuni:
- Hana ʻia nā plastik me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika ʻino a me nā pūhui e like me ka phthalates a me ka BPA e hiki ke lele i loko o ke kaiapuni a hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka.
- Ke hoʻolei ʻia, hiki i ka palaka ke hoʻopau i nā haneli mau makahiki a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ʻōpala palaka ma nā pae ʻāina a me nā moana.
- Hiki i ka ʻōpala palaki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā wahi noho a hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻana o ka kaiaolaola ke hoʻololi i ke aniau, pili pono i ka miliona o ka poʻe ola, ka hiki ke hana i ka meaʻai, a me ka pono o ka nohona.
- Hiki i nā huahana mea kūʻai mai i hana ʻia mai nā mea pāʻani e like me nā mea pāʻani, ka ʻeke meaʻai, a me nā hue wai hiki ke loaʻa i nā pae ʻino o ka phthalates a me ka BPA, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino e like me ke kanesa, nā pilikia hānau, a me nā pilikia ulu.
Hiki paha ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka plastik
ʻOiai he mea paʻakikī ka pilikia o ka pollution plastic, aia nā ala e hiki ai i ke kaiāulu ke hana e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā plastics. Eia kekahi mau hoʻonā hiki.
- E hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics hoʻohana hoʻokahi e like me ka mauʻu, ʻeke, a me nā mea hana.
- E hoʻonui i nā hana hana hou a paipai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastic biodegradable.
- Paipai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻokoʻa hoʻomau i nā plastics.
- Kākoʻo i nā kulekele a me nā hoʻoponopono e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika ʻino i ka hana plastic.
- E aʻo i nā mea kūʻai e pili ana i nā hopena ʻino o ka plastics a hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana.
Panina
ʻO ka plastik kahi mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka e hana i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole. Hana ʻia lākou mai nā polymers synthetic, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana.
No laila, mai makaʻu i ka plastic! He waiwai maikaʻi lākou no nā mea he nui, a ʻaʻohe kemika ʻino. E makaʻala wale i nā pōʻino a mai hoʻohana nui iā lākou.
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke Kauka Mea Hana, mea kūʻai maʻiʻo, a me ka makuakāne. Makemake au i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana hou, a me kaʻu hui ua hana au i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai ka makahiki 2016 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
