Aluminum: ʻO kona mau hiʻohiʻona, kemika, a me ka hanana kūlohelohe

ʻO ka alumini a i ʻole ka alumini he mea metala maʻemaʻe me ka helu atomic 13. Ua ʻike ʻia no kona ikaika a me nā waiwai māmā, e lilo ia i mea makemake nui i kēia manawa.

He aha nā mea hoʻohana nui o ka Aluminium?

He nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka alumini, me:

• Hana: Hoʻohana maʻamau ka alumini i ka ʻoihana kūkulu ma muli o kona ikaika a paʻa.
• Mana uila: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā uwea mana a me nā uea ma muli o kona conductivity kiʻekiʻe.
• Nā lako a me nā ipu kīhini: Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka alumini i ka hana ʻana i nā lako kīhini, nā ipu, a me nā kini ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion.
• ʻO ka pākaukau a me ka hana māmā: ʻO ka alumini ka mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻeke a me nā kukui ma muli o kāna mau mea māmā.

Ehia ka nui o ka alumini i hanaia?

ʻO ka alumini ka mea i hana nui ʻia, me nā miliona o nā tona i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e nā hui a puni ka honua.

He aha nā ʻano e komo ai ka alumini?

Hele mai ka alumini ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e like me nā lau, nā pā, nā kaola, a me nā paipu. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻano kūikawā e like me extrusions a me forgings.

He aha ka hana a ka alumini ma ke kaiapuni?

He haʻahaʻa ka hopena o ka alumini i ke kaiapuni ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki ke hana hou a hoʻohana hou ʻia. Hoʻolilo kēia i mea maʻamau i nā pae huahana hou e manaʻo nei e hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala a hāpai i ka hoʻomau.

Loaʻa i ke kino me ka Aluminum

• ʻO ka alumini he metala bluish-silver i kūpaʻa loa ma muli o kona ʻano atomika.
• He helu atomika kona o 13 a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui e kū nei ma ka Honua.
• ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho atomika o ka alumini he 2, 8, 3, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻelua mau electrons i ka pae ikehu mua, ʻewalu ma ka lua, a ʻekolu i ka pae ikehu o waho.
• Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā electrons o waho o ka alumini ma waena o nā ʻātoma, kahi e hoʻopili ai i kāna mea hoʻopaʻa metala a hoʻolilo iā ia i mea hoʻokele nui.
• Loaʻa i ka alumini ka hale aniani cubic a me kahi radius ma kahi o 143 pm.
• He 660.32°C kona helu hehee a he 2519°C ka paila e hiki ai ke ku i na wela kiekie.
• He haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa o ka alumini, mai ka 2.63 a i ka 2.80 g/cm³, ma muli o ka huila.
• ʻO ka alumini ka mea maʻalahi e like me ke gula a ʻo ia ka lua o ka metala malleable, ma hope o ke kālā.
• He ductile loa ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke huki ʻia i loko o nā uwea lahilahi me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana.
• I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā metala ʻē aʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kaumaha o ka alumini, me ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 26.98 a 28.08 g/mol, ma muli o ka isotope.

Nā Kiʻi Kino

• ʻO ka alumini ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, kahi i loaʻa maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka bauxite.
• Hana ʻia ia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka bauxite me ka sodium hydroxide a laila electrolyzing i ka hui ʻana.
• ʻO ka alumini maʻemaʻe he metala keʻokeʻo polū-keʻokeʻo i hoʻonani maikaʻi ʻia a loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
• Kūleʻa nui ka alumini i ka corrosion, kūpono ia no nā ʻano hana like ʻole kahi e ʻike ʻia ai i nā mea.
• He kiʻekiʻe ka thermal conductivity, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ka wela me ka wikiwiki.
• ʻO ka alumini ka mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, non-magnetic, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻāla ʻia, e lilo ia i mea nui loa.
• Ma muli o ka mea hao, hiki i ka alumini ke ʻano mai ka palupalu a malleable i ka paʻakikī a ikaika.
• He kūpono loa ka alumini no ka hoʻolei ʻana, ka mīkini, a me ka hana ʻana, e lilo ia i koho kaulana no nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
• I loko o nā makahiki, ua lilo ka alumini i mea koʻikoʻi nui ma muli o kona mau waiwai kino a me ka maʻalahi e hiki ke hana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
• Wahi a ka papaʻaina manawa, ʻo ka alumini ka mea nui, a paʻa loa ia ma muli o kāna hoʻonohonoho electron a me nā waiwai paʻa.
• He kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka ionization o ka alumini, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ka nui o ka ikehu e wehe i kahi electron mai kahi alumini atom a ion.
• Hiki i ka Aluminum ke hana i nā ʻano isotopes like ʻole, mai 21Al a i 43Al, me ka ikaika mai ka 0.05 MeV a i ka 9.6 MeV.
• ʻO nā waiwai kino o ka alumini ka mea i kūpono i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, mai ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka uila a me ka hoʻopili.

ʻO Aluminium: Ke Kemika Ma hope o ke Metala

• Ua ʻike ʻia ka alumini i ka makahiki 1825 e ke kemika Denemaka ʻo Hans Christian Oersted.
• He metala ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana me ka hōʻailona Al a me ka helu ʻātoma 13.
• He paʻa ka alumini ma ka lumi wela a he ʻekolu kona valence.
• Loaʻa iā ia kahi radius atomic liʻiliʻi a me ka electronegative kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hui ikaika ai me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā pūhui.
• ʻO nā waiwai o ka alumini ka mea hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka uila a me ka wela, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
• He mea koʻikoʻi ia i ke ola o kēia wā a he nui nā mea hoʻohana i ke kūkulu hale, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana.

Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o Aluminum

• Hana ʻia ka alumini e ka Hall-Héroult kaʻina, e pili ana i ka electrolysis o alumina (Al2O3) i loko o ka cryolite hehee (Na3AlF6).
• ʻO kēia kaʻina hana he ikehu-nui a pipiʻi, akā ʻo ka alumini ka mea ākea a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana.
• ʻO ka hiki ke hana i ka alumini i nā mea nui a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa i lilo ia i mea metala maʻamau i ka nohona hou.
• ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā metala ʻē aʻe e like me ka magnesium e hana i nā alaleʻa me nā waiwai kikoʻī.

ʻO Aluminum i loko o ke ʻano a me kāna Kemika Wai

• ʻO ka alumini ka metala nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe.
• Loaʻa pinepine ia i loko o nā minela e like me ka bauxite a me ka pālolo.
• ʻO ka alumini hydroxide (Al(OH)3) kahi pūhui maʻamau i hana ʻia ke hoʻopili ʻia ka aluminika me nā haʻina wai e like me ka potassium hydroxide (KOH).
• Ma ke alo o ka wai, hana ka alumini i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka oxide ma luna o kona ʻili, kahi e pale ai iā ia mai ka ʻino hou ʻana.

Hoʻohana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Aluminum

• Nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka alumini ma muli o kāna mau waiwai, me ka māmā, ikaika, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana pū me.
• Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka ʻeke, a me ka uila.
• He kūpono ka alumini no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana lahilahi, e like me ka foil, a me nā ʻāpana nui, e like me ke kūkulu hale.
• ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohui i ka alumini me nā metala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana me nā waiwai kikoʻī, e like me ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion.
• Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā koʻokoʻo alumini i nā uwila uila ma muli o kā lākou conductivity maikaʻi.

ʻO ke kumu o ka alumini: pehea ia e hana ai

• ʻO ka alumini ke kolu o ka mea nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, ʻo ia ka 8% o kona kaumaha.
• He ʻelemu helu ʻātoma haʻahaʻa, me ka hōʻailona Al a me ka helu ʻātoma 13.
• ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka alumini i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano, akā i ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui.
• Loaʻa ia i loko o nā ʻano minerala like ʻole, me nā silicates a me nā oxides, a me ke ʻano o ka bauxite, kahi hui o nā alumini hydrated oxides.
• ʻO Bauxite ke kumu kumu mua o ka alumini, a loaʻa i nā mea nui ma kekahi mau ʻāina, me Australia, Guinea, a me Brazil.
• Loaʻa ka alumini i loko o nā pōhaku igneous ma ke ʻano he aluminosilicates i loko o nā feldspars, feldspathoids, a me nā mika, a ma ka lepo i loaʻa mai ia mau mea me he pālolo.
• Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻike ʻia he bauxite a me ka laterite waiwai nui i ka hao.

ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Aluminium

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka alumini i loko o ka nucleus o nā hōkū ma o ka hui ʻana, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa ke pahū kēia mau hōkū ma ke ʻano he supernova.
• Hiki ke hana ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma o ka puhi ʻana i kekahi mau mea, e like me ka magnesium, i mua o ka oxygen.
• ʻO ka alumini ka mea paʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke wāwahi ʻia a luku ʻia e nā hopena kemika.
• He ikaika loa ia a he māmā hoʻi, e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea waiwai no ka nui o nā noi.

Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka alumini ma ke ʻano

• Hiki ke noho ka alumini ma nā ʻano like ʻole ma muli o nā kūlana i loaʻa ai.
• Ma kona ʻano metala, ʻo ka alumini he mea ikaika, ductile, a malleable i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana ākea.
• Hiki iā ia ke noho ma ke ʻano o nā pūhui, e like me ka alumini oxide (Al2O3), i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo corundum a i ʻole ruby.
• ʻO ka alumini maoli, kahi i loaʻa ai ka mea i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, he mea kakaikahi a loaʻa wale ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi a puni ka honua, me ʻAmelika Hema a me Greenland.
• Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka alumini me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen, e hana i nā pūhui e like me ka alumini hydroxide (Al(OH)3) a me ka alumini ʻokikene (Al2O3).

Mai ka Mining a i ka Hana ʻana: ʻO ka huakaʻi o ka hana alumini

• ʻO Bauxite ka mea mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka alumini
• Loaʻa ka nui ma nā wahi wela a me nā subtropical, ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, a me Australia
• ʻO ka Bauxite kahi pōhaku sedimentary i hui pū ʻia me nā minerala, me ka alumini hydroxide, iron oxide, a me ka silica.
• No ka lawe ʻana i ka bauxite, hoʻohana ka poʻe loea i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo blasting, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pahū e hoʻoneʻe i ka topsoil a me ka honua e komo i nā waihona waiwai ma lalo.
• A laila mālama ʻia ka bauxite i ʻeli ʻia a lawe ʻia i kahi hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Bauxite e loaʻa ai ka alumina

• Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka bauxite e wehe i nā haumia, e like me ka pālolo a me nā ʻāpana hao a me nā metala kaumaha ʻē aʻe.
• A laila ʻoki ʻia ka bauxite i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a maloʻo e lilo i pauka maloʻo
• Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia pauka i loko o kahi pahu nui, kahi i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻano ʻano o ka caustic soda a hoʻomehana ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi
• ʻO ka hopena kemika e hoʻopuka i kahi mea i kapa ʻia he alumina, he mea keʻokeʻo, pauda
• A laila mālama ʻia ka alumina a lawe ʻia i kahi smelter no ka hana hou ʻana

Hoʻoheʻe ʻana i ka alumina e hana i ka alumini

• ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka alumina i metala alumini
• ʻO ke ʻano o kēia manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina e pili ana i ke kaʻina Hall-Heroult, aia i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu nui: ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka alumina i ka alumini oxide a me ka electrolysis o ka alumini oxide e hana i ka metala alumini.
• ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka alumina i ka alumini oxide e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana alumina me kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, e like me ke kalapona, e wehe i ka oxygen a hana i ka alumini oxide.
• A laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alumini oxide i loko o kahi electrolyte hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a kau ʻia i ke au uila e hana i ka metala alumini.
• Pono ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mana nui a aia ma kahi kokoke i nā kumu uila haʻahaʻa, e like me nā mea kanu hydroelectric.
• ʻO ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā huahana alumini kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili.

ʻO Aluminum: ʻO ka Metala Nui no kahi ākea o nā noi

ʻO ka alumini ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia me ka nui o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea maʻalahi, ikaika, a paʻa hoʻi i maʻalahi ke hana pū, e lilo ia i koho kaulana no nā noi he nui. Ma kēia ʻāpana, e ʻimi mākou i nā noi like ʻole o ka alumini a me nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea maʻalahi.

Nā noi ma ke kūkulu hale a me ke kūkulu ʻana

ʻO ka alumini kahi koho kaulana no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana ma muli o kāna mau ʻano māmā a me ka corrosion. ʻO kekahi o nā noi nui o ka alumini i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana:

• ʻO ke kaupaku, ka uhi ʻana, a me nā facades
• Nā puka makani, nā puka a me nā hale kūʻai
• ʻO nā lako hana hale a me ka balustrading
• ʻO ka ʻauwai a me nā ʻōnaehana wai
• Treadplate a me ka papahele ʻoihana

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka alumini i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā keʻena haʻuki, e like me nā kahua pāʻani a me nā pā, ma muli o kāna mau mea māmā a paʻa.

Nā noi ma ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻoihana

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i nā ʻoihana hana a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ma muli o kāna mau ʻano mechanical a me nā mea kemika. ʻO kekahi o nā noi nui o ka alumini i ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻoihana:

• Nā laina uila uila a me nā ʻāpana
• Ka hana ʻana i nā kini no nā mea inu a me nā meaʻai
• Nā lako a me nā mea kuke
• Nā ʻāpana no ka ʻoihana kaʻa, me ke kaʻaahi a me nā kaʻa
• Alloys no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana like ʻole, me nā catalysts a me nā mea pale-corrosion

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Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka alumini ma ke ʻano he foil no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka insulation ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻololi i ka wela a me kona kū ʻana i ka wai a me ka maloʻo.

Aluminum Alloys a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻohana

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana alumini e nā mea hoʻohui e like me ke keleawe, zinc, a me ke silika e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā ʻano mechanical a me nā mea kemika. ʻO kekahi o nā alumini alumini maʻamau a me kā lākou mau noi:

• Wrought alloys- hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano maikaʻi
• Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia i loko o nā ʻano paʻakikī
• ʻO Kynal - kahi ʻohana o nā mea hao i hoʻomohala ʻia e British Imperial Chemical Industries i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā laina uila a me nā ʻāpana.

ʻO ka mākeke honua no ka Aluminum

ʻO ka alumini kekahi o nā metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua, me ka nui o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea nui ka mākeke honua no ka alumini, me ka hapa nui o ka hana alumini e hele mai ana mai Kina, a ukali ʻia e Russia a me Kanada. Manaʻo ʻia ka koi no ka alumini e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me ke kūkulu hale, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pono o nā mea māmā a paʻa.

Ke hana me ka Aluminium: Nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo

I ka hana ʻana me ka alumini, aia kekahi mau ʻenehana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hiki ke maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana:

• ʻOkiʻoki: Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka alumini me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana like ʻole, me nā ʻili, nā ʻoki, a me kahi ʻoki pahu maʻalahi. Eia naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻohana i ka mea hana pono no ka hana a mālama pono i ʻole e hōʻino i nā mea i ka hana.

• Piʻo: ʻO ka alumini he metala palupalu, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke kulou a hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana kūpono e pale aku ai i ka hōʻino ʻana a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana i nā māka maikaʻi ʻole.

• Hoʻohui: Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka alumini me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ka wili, brazing, a me ka soldering. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ala kona pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema, e pili ana i ka noi kikoʻī.

• Hoʻopau: Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka alumini ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka polishing, anodizing, a me ka pena. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ala kona pono ponoʻī a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hoʻopau.

noi

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me:

• Hana: ʻO ka alumini kahi koho kaulana no nā mea kūkulu hale ma muli o kona ikaika, lōʻihi, a me nā waiwai māmā.

• Kuke: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka alumini i nā mea kuke ma muli o kona hiki ke lawe i ka wela me ka wikiwiki.

• Nā pili kaapuni a me nā poloka: Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka alumini i ka hana ʻana i nā pili kaapuni a me nā poloka ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻokele uila.

• Packaging: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hoʻopili like ʻole, e like me nā kini, foil, a me nā pahu hua manu.

Ka hopena o ka nohona

ʻOiai ʻo ka alumini he mea maʻalahi a pono hoʻi, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i kona hopena kaiapuni. Pono ka hana o ka alumini i ka mana nui a hiki ke hōʻeha nui i ke kaiapuni inā ʻaʻole i hana pono ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā kaʻina hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o ka hana alumini a me ka hoʻohana.

Ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o ka hana alumini

ʻO ka alumini ka mea ʻawaʻawa hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena pōʻino i nā kaiaola wai. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā kino wai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā ion plasma- a me ka hemolymph i nā iʻa a me nā invertebrates, e alakaʻi ana i ka hemahema osmoregulatory. Hiki i kēia ke hopena i ka nalowale o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​​​e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o nā mea olaola. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka sulfuric emissions i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka alumini hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ua waikawa, kahi e hōʻino hou ai i nā kaiaola wai.

Kaiaola Terrestrial

He hopena koʻikoʻi ka hana alumini i nā kaiaola honua. Pono pinepine ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ululāʻau i wahi no nā mea kanu aluminika, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o ka noho ʻana no nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona he nui. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea haumia i ka lewa hiki ke hōʻeha i ke olakino o nā kaiāulu kokoke a me nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka lepo kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana hiki ke komo i loko o ka lepo a hōʻino i ke ola o nā mea kanu.

Panina

No laila aia iā ʻoe, ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini a me ke kumu he mea pono ia. He metala māmā me ka ikaika nui, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ia no ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻaʻole magnetic, no laila palekana ke hoʻohana. No laila, mai makaʻu e hoʻohana! Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana hou iā ia ke pau ʻoe me ia.

ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke Kauka Mea Hana, mea kūʻai maʻiʻo, a me ka makuakāne. Makemake au i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana hou, a me kaʻu hui ua hana au i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai ka makahiki 2016 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.