ʻO ke aniani kahi mea paʻa amorphous (non-crystalline) i ʻike pinepine ʻia a pālahalaha ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻenehana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea e like me. puka makani nā pane, nā papa ʻaina, a me nā optoelectronics.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano aniani i kamaʻāina loa, a me ka mōʻaukala kahiko, ma luna o ka silica pūhui kemika (silicon dioxide), ka mea nui o ke one. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo aniani, ma ka hoʻohana kaulana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e kuhikuhi wale i kēia ʻano mea, i kamaʻāina mai ka hoʻohana ʻana e like me ke aniani pukaaniani a me nā ʻōmole aniani.
ʻO ka nui o nā aniani i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka silica, ua hana ʻia ka aniani maʻamau a me ka ipu aniani mai kahi ʻano kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ke aniani soda-lime, i haku ʻia ma kahi o 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) mai ka sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka lime (CaO), a me kekahi mau mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi.
Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi aniani quartz māmā a paʻa loa mai ka silica maʻemaʻe; hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui ʻē aʻe ma luna e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana wela o ka huahana.
Nui nā noi o nā makaaniani silicate i loaʻa mai ko lākou ʻike ʻike maka, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kekahi o nā makaaniani silicate i hoʻohana mua ʻia e like me nā pani pukaaniani.
ʻO ke aniani e hōʻike a hoʻohuli i ka mālamalama; Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ma o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana e hana i nā lens optical, prisms, aniani maikaʻi, a me nā fiber optical no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili wikiwiki e ka māmā. Hiki ke kala ʻia ke aniani ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā paʻakai metala, a hiki ke pena ʻia.
Ua alakaʻi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ke aniani i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kiʻi a me nā puka aniani ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai he palupalu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke aniani silicate, a he nui nā laʻana o nā ʻāpana aniani mai nā moʻomeheu hana aniani mua.
No ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia paha ke aniani i kekahi ʻano, a no ka mea he huahana sterile, ua hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā ipu: nā kīʻaha, nā ipu, nā ʻōmole, nā ipu a me nā aniani inu. Ma kona ʻano paʻa loa, ua hoʻohana ʻia no nā paona pepa, nā kinikini, a me nā lei.
I ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai e like me ke aniani aniani a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka huluhulu aniani i ke ala e paʻa ai ka ea, lilo ia i mea hoʻonaninani wela, a i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kēia mau aniani aniani i loko o ka plastic polymer organic, he ʻāpana hoʻoikaika kino lākou o ka fiberglass material composite.
Ma ka ʻepekema, ua wehewehe pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo aniani ma ke ʻano ākea, e hoʻopuni ana i kēlā me kēia paʻa i loaʻa i kahi ʻano ʻāmika non-crystalline (ʻo ia hoʻi amorphous) a hōʻike i kahi hoʻololi aniani ke hoʻomehana ʻia i ke kūlana wai. No laila, ʻo nā porcelains a me nā thermoplastics polymer he nui i ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, he mau aniani kino pū kekahi.
Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano makaaniani me nā ʻano mea like ʻole: nā ʻāpana metala, nā hoʻoheheʻe ionic, nā wai wai, nā wai molekala, a me nā polymers.
No nā noi he nui (nā ʻōmole, nā maka maka) nā aniani polymer (ke aniani acrylic, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate) he mea ʻoi aku ka māmā i nā aniani silica kuʻuna.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā puka makani, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "glazing".
Nā ʻano aniani, mai ke aniani hoʻokahi a i ka Hr +++
He aha nā ʻano aniani a me nā hana o nā ʻano aniani me ko lākou mau waiwai insulation.
Nui nā ʻano aniani i kēia mau lā.
Pili kēia aniani ʻālua me ko lakou mau waiwai insulation.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai insulation, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama.
ʻO nā ʻano aniani e hoʻokaʻawale i kou hale, me he mea lā.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka ventila no kou haʻahaʻa ma kou home.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ventilate maikaʻi, ʻuʻuku ka waiwai o ka insulation.
Loaʻa nā ʻano aniani i nā nui a me nā waiwai insulation.
Hiki ke kauoha ʻia nā ʻano aniani i nā mānoanoa he nui.
Aia ia ma muli o kāu puka aniani a i ʻole kahi kiʻi paʻa.
ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa o ka puka aniani ma mua o ko ka papa, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa lāʻau.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēia e pili ana i nā waiwai insulation.
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke aniani kahiko, aia nō nā hale me kēia ʻano aniani a ke hana ʻia nei.
A laila hoʻomaka wau me ke aniani insulating, i kapa ʻia ʻo double glazing.
Aia ke aniani me ka lau o loko a me waho.
Aia ma waena o ka ea a i ʻole ke kinoea hoʻokaʻawale.
Mai ka H+ a i ka HR +++, kahi ʻano o nā ʻano aniani.
Aneane like ka Hr+ me ke aniani insulating, akā ma ke ʻano he mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā ia kahi uhi hoʻomālamalama wela i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi lau, a hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua i ka ea.
A laila loaʻa iā ʻoe ke aniani HR ++, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike me ke aniani HR, hoʻopiha wale ʻia ka lua me ke kinoea Argon.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiwai insulation ma mua o ka HR +.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kēia aniani a hoʻokō maʻamau i nā koi no ka insulation maikaʻi.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hana hou aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe HR+++.
ʻEkolu kēia aniani a hoʻopiha ʻia me ke kinoea argon a i ʻole krypton.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ʻo HR+++ i nā hale i kūkulu hou ʻia, no laila ua kūpono nā papa.
Inā makemake ʻoe e kau iā ia i loko o nā kiʻi i loaʻa, pono e hoʻololi ʻia kāu mau kiʻi.
E hoʻomanaʻo i ke kumu kūʻai nui o HR +++.
Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia mau ʻano aniani e like me ke aniani hōʻike leo, pale ahi, hoʻoponopono lā a me ke aniani palekana (laminated).
Ma kahi ʻatikala aʻe e wehewehe wau i ka hana ʻana i ke aniani iā ʻoe iho, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o kou manaʻo.
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala waiwai?
E haʻi mai iaʻu ma ka waiho ʻana i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi.
BVD.
Pete deVries.
Makemake ʻoe e kūʻai maʻalahi i ka pena ma kaʻu hale kūʻai pena ma ka pūnaewele? KIKI MANEI.
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke Kauka Mea Hana, mea kūʻai maʻiʻo, a me ka makuakāne. Makemake au i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana hou, a me kaʻu hui ua hana au i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai ka makahiki 2016 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.