ʻO ka mea hana kekahi mea kino i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi pahuhopu, ʻoi aku ka nui inā ʻaʻole i pau ka mea i ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ka huaʻōlelo e wehewehe i kahi kaʻina hana a i ʻole kaʻina hana me kahi kumu kikoʻī.
Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia, a kōkua iā mākou e hoʻopau i nā mea. Hiki i nā mea hana mai nā pōhaku maʻalahi a hiki i nā ʻenehana paʻakikī. Ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e nā kānaka mai ka wā Paleolithic.
E nānā kākou i ka mōʻaukala o nā mea hana a me ke ʻano o ko lākou ulu ʻana i ka wā.
Ma kēia pou e uhi mākou:
He aha ka manaʻo o ke kāhea ʻana i kekahi mea he mea hana?
Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi mea hana, ke ʻōlelo nei mākou i kahi mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopunipuni ʻia e ke kino e hoʻokō i kahi pahuhopu. ʻO ka manaʻo i pili i ka huaʻōlelo "mea hana" ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi mea hiki ke lawe a paʻa. ʻO ka mea hana kūpono kahi mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kekahi mea, a i ʻole e hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka wehewehe kino o kahi mea hana
ʻO ka mea hana he mea kino i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ke kino. He mea waho ia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e kūpono i kahi kumu kikoʻī. ʻO nā mea hana nā mea hoʻopili e hoʻonui i ka hiki o ke kino ke hoʻokō i kahi pahuhopu, a hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻololi i nā mea ola ʻole a i ʻole ka honua e hoʻokō ai i kēlā pahuhopu.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā mea hana
Ke holomua nei ka ʻenehana, hiki ke loli ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi mea hana. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea hana ʻaʻole ia he mau mea kino, akā ʻo ke kaiapuni a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, e mau ana ka manaʻo nui o kahi mea hana - he mea a i ʻole ke ala e hoʻokō ai i kahi pahuhopu.
Ka Evolution of Tools: Mai nā Pōhaku Maʻalahi a hiki i nā ʻenehana paʻakikī
- ʻO ka mea kānalua, ua hana ʻia nā mea hana mua mai ka pōhaku.
- Ua kūkulu ʻia kēia mau mea hana pōhaku mua ma kahi o 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
- I ia mau lā, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana pōhaku no ka hahai holoholona a me ke ola.
- Ua loaʻa nā mea hana pōhaku mua loa ma ʻApelika a mai ka wā Paleolithic.
- ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia mau mea hana, ʻo ia ka ʻai ʻana i nā kupapaʻu holoholona a hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻiʻo no ka ʻai ʻana.
- ʻO nā mea hana pōhaku mua, he maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi i hiki ke ʻoki i nā hua paʻakikī o nā kino holoholona hihiu.
Ka Evolution of Pohaku Mea Hana
- E like me ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka, pēlā nō kā lākou mau mea hana.
- I loko o nā kenekulia, ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea hana pōhaku a ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka nui o nā hana, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kālai ʻana.
- Ua ʻokoʻa ke ʻano maoli o nā mea hana pōhaku ma muli o nā mea i loaʻa a me ka hana e pono ai.
- ʻO nā mea hana pōhaku i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo ia nā koʻi lima, nā ʻōpala, a me nā poʻo pua.
- Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana pōhaku e nā kānaka no ka hahai holoholona, ka lawaiʻa, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ka Puka ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou
- ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ke kakaka a me ka pua he mea nui i mua o ka ʻenehana hahai holoholona.
- Hōʻike ka ʻike archaeological ua ʻike ʻia ke kakaka a me ka pua ma kahi o 10,000 mau makahiki i hala.
- Ua hana ʻia ka huila i ka manawa like ma Mesopotamia, ka mea i hoʻololi i ka halihali a me ke kūkulu ʻana.
- Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hana hao a puni ka 1st millennium BC, kahi i pani ai i nā mea hana pōhaku ma nā wahi he nui.
- Ua hana ʻia ka mea hoʻoponopono upholstery ma Combarelles, Farani, i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kālai ʻana i nā iwi holoholona.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā mea hana ma ka mōʻaukala kanaka
- He koʻikoʻi ko nā mea hana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka moʻomeheu.
- ʻO ka hiki ke hana a hoʻohana i nā mea hana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kanaka mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
- Aʻo nui ka poʻe Antropologists i nā mea hana e ʻike ai ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a e hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou ʻano moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala.
- ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana ʻokoʻa i nā digs e hōʻike ana he ʻokoʻa ka moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala hominins mai kekahi i kekahi.
- ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hana e hoʻihoʻi i nā lā o ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka ʻokoʻa ʻana mai nā ʻano ape ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO nā mea hana mua loa i hiki ke palaho, ʻo ia nā mea i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia, akā i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua lilo nā mea hana i mea paʻakikī a kaulana hoʻi.
Mea Hana: He alakaʻi no nā ʻano like ʻole
I ka wā e pili ana i nā mea hana maʻamau, aia kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hale i kā lākou hale kaʻa. Aia kēia mau mea:
- Screwdrivers: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka wehe a hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wili a hele mai i nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke poʻo wili.
- Hammers (nā ʻano like ʻole i wehewehe ʻia ma aneʻi): Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kui a wāwahi paha i nā mea. Aia nā ʻano hāmare like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hāmare maiuu, nā hāmare polo-peen, a sledgehammers (ua nānā mākou i nā mea maikaʻi loa ma aneʻi).
- Nā Wrenches: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e hoʻopaʻa a wehe paha i nā bolts a me nā nati. Hele mai lākou ma nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻohālikelike i ka bolt a i ʻole ka nut.
ʻOhi meaʻoki
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana ʻoki e hana i kahi kaʻina hana hou o ka ʻoki ʻana a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā papahana DIY. Eia kekahi laʻana o nā mea hana ʻoki:
- Saws: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻoki i nā mea like ʻole e like me ka lāʻau, metala, a me ka plastic. Aia nā ʻano pahi like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻili lima, nā ʻili pōʻai, a me nā ʻili liʻiliʻi.
- Nā Blades: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻoki i nā mea lahilahi e like me ka pepa, ka pepa pahu, a me ka lole. Aia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā maka, e like me nā pahi pono, nā pahi hobby, a me nā scalpels.
- ʻokiʻoki: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ʻoki i nā mea e like me ka pepa, ka lole, a me nā uea. Aia nā ʻano ʻoki like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻoki maʻamau, nā ʻāhi ʻulaʻula, a me nā ʻoki uea.
Paʻa a me nā mea hana paʻa
ʻO ke kāpili a me nā mea paʻa e kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. ʻO nā laʻana o ke kāpili a me ka paʻa ʻana i nā mea hana penei:
- Hoʻopili: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea i ka wā e maloʻo ai ke kāpili. Hele mai lākou ma nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka mea i paʻa ʻia.
- Nā pū kāpili: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kāpili wela i nā mea. Hele mai lākou ma nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka makemake o ka mea hoʻohana.
- Tape: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea waiwai no kekahi manawa. Aia nā ʻano lipine like ʻole, me ka tape masking, duct tape, a me ka lipine uila.
Mea Hana Uila
Hana ʻia nā mea hana uila e hana i nā hana e pili ana i ka hana uila. Eia kekahi laʻana o nā mea hana uila:
- Nā mea wehe uea: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e wehe i ka insulation mai nā uea. Hele mai lākou ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole e like me ka uwea e wehe ʻia ana.
- Multimeter: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e ana i nā waiwai uila e like me ka volta, ke au, a me ke kū'ē.
- Pā: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā uea. Aia nā ʻano paʻi like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paʻi ihu nila, nā paʻi lineman, a me nā paʻi diagonal.
Mea Hana Hana
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana ʻoihana no ka poʻe e hana ana i kahi kālepa a i ʻole koi i nā mea hana no kā lākou hana. Eia kekahi laʻana o nā mea hana ʻoihana:
- Nā mea hana mana: ʻO kēia nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ka uila a i ʻole ka pila. Loaʻa iā lākou nā wili, ʻili, sanders, a me nā mea hou aku.
- Sets: ʻO kēia nā hōʻiliʻili o nā mea hana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūkū i kahi hana a i ʻole kālepa. ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā pūʻulu mea hana mechanic, nā mea hana uila a me nā pūʻulu paipu.
- Bits: ʻO kēia nā mea hoʻopili no nā mea hana mana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohālikelike i nā mea i hana ʻia. ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā bit drill, nā bit screwdriver, a me nā bit router.
Nā Mea Hana palekana
Pono nā mea hana palekana e pale i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka pōʻino i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i nā mea hana. Aia nā laʻana o nā mea hana palekana:
- Nā mīkina lima: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka pale ʻana i nā lima mai nā ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻeha ʻē aʻe.
- Makaaniani palekana: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka pale ʻana i nā maka mai nā ʻōpala lele a i ʻole nā pilikia ʻē aʻe.
- Papepeiao: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka pale ʻana i nā pepeiao mai nā leo leo nui e hiki ai ke hōʻino.
Nā mea hana pono no kāu papahana home DIY
I ka hiki ʻana i nā papahana DIY a puni ka hale, he mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana pono. Eia kekahi mau mea hana lima i mea koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia pahu mea hana.
- Nā Screwdrivers (Phillips a me Robertson): He mea nui kēia no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā wili a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā lako.
- Paʻa: He mea maʻalahi kēia no ka hopu ʻana a me ka huki ʻana i nā kui a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana lāʻau liʻiliʻi.
- Hammer: He mea nui ka hāmare maikaʻi no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā kui a no ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea.
- Wrench: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea hana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā bolts a me nā nati.
- Pry bar a wedge: He mea pono kēia no ka wehe ʻana i nā poloka a i ʻole nā ʻāpana lāʻau palupalu.
Power Mea Hana
ʻOiai he mea maʻalahi nā mea hana lima, mana lako hiki ke maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki o kāu mau papahana DIY. Eia kekahi mau mea hana mana āu e makemake ai e noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i kāu pahu hāmeʻa:
- Drill: He mea pono kēia no kekahi papahana hale. Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e hana i nā ʻano lua like ʻole a hoʻokomo i nā screws me ka maʻalahi.
- Saw pōʻai: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea hana no ka hana ʻoki pololei ʻana i ka lāʻau, a he maʻalahi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana.
- Jigsaw: Ua like kēia mea hana me ka ʻili pōʻai, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻoki paʻakikī.
- Screwdriver-powered battery: Holo kēia mea hana ma luna o kahi pākaukau rechargeable a maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā wili me ka maʻalahi.
Pahu palekana
He mea weliweli ka hana ʻana me nā mea hana, no laila he mea nui e mākaukau a mālama pono i ka palekana. Eia kekahi mau mea palekana e loaʻa mau iā ʻoe ma ka lima:
- Nā makaaniani palekana: Mālama kēia i kou mau maka mai nā ʻōpala lele a me ka sawdust.
- Nā mīkina lima: E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hana a pale i kou mau lima mai nā ʻoki a me nā ʻoki.
- Dust mask (nā mea maikaʻi loa i nānā ʻia ma aneʻi): Mālama kēia iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻohu ʻana i ka sawdust a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea hana kūpono no ka hana
I ka hiki ʻana mai i nā papahana DIY, he mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea pono no ka hana. Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻimi i nā mea hana maikaʻi loa no kāu mau papahana:
- E hoʻohālikelike i ka hāmeʻa me ka papahana: E hōʻoia iā ʻoe ka mea paahana kūpono no ka hana ma ka lima.
- E noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi: I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi ke ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i nā ʻoki paʻa a i ʻole e hana ma nā wahi paʻa.
- E hoʻolilo i nā mea hana maikaʻi: ʻOiai he mea hoʻowalewale ke kūʻai aku i nā mea hana haʻahaʻa loa, ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā mea hana maikaʻi e hopena i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā pilikia.
- E ʻike i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa: ʻO Phillips a me Robertson screws ka mea maʻamau, akā he nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pono ai no nā papahana kikoʻī.
- E hoʻohana i ka mea hana hoʻokele pono: E hōʻoia i loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hāmeʻa kūpono no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā wili, inā paha he screwdriver a i ʻole ka mana drill.
- E hoʻohana i nā kui kūpono: Pono nā papahana like ʻole i nā ʻano kui like ʻole, no laila e ʻike pono ʻoe i nā mea kūpono no kāu papahana.
- E hoʻohana i nā wili kūpono: E like me nā kui, pono nā papahana like ʻole i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, no laila e ʻike pono ʻoe i nā mea kūpono no kāu papahana.
Panina
No laila, ʻo nā mea hana nā mea a mākou e hoʻohana ai i mea e maʻalahi ai ko mākou ola. He ʻāpana lākou o ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ola me ka ʻole o lākou.
Mai nā pahi a hiki i nā screwdrivers, hoʻohana mākou iā lākou no nā mea āpau. No laila, mai poina e heluhelu i ka manuale a hoʻohana pono ia mau mea i ʻole ʻoe e hōʻeha iā ʻoe iho. Mahalo no ka heluhelu ʻana!
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke Kauka Mea Hana, mea kūʻai maʻiʻo, a me ka makuakāne. Makemake au i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana hou, a me kaʻu hui ua hana au i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai ka makahiki 2016 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
