Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka mea e hāʻawi ai i kāu kukui punahele i kona ʻano maʻalahi a me ka pau ʻālohilohi? A i ʻole pehea e waiho ai kāu lipstick punahele i ka lā a pau? Aia ka pane i loko o hoʻokahi mea maʻamau: wax. ʻO ka wax kahi mea maʻalahi i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe e like me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.
Paʻa maʻamau ka waxes ma ka lumi wela a he kiʻekiʻe ka helu heheʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hana ʻia mai nā ʻano mea like ʻole, akā like lākou a pau i nā waiwai like o ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ka maʻalahi, a me ka ʻālohilohi. Hoʻolilo kēia i ka wax i mea waiwai nui i nā huahana he nui, me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā meaʻai, a me nā ihoiho.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wax a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, mai nā mea hoʻonaninani a i ka meaʻai a hiki i ke kiʻi. E aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka beeswax, ka versatility o ka soy wax, a me ka nani o carnauba wax. No laila, e luʻu kākou i loko o ka honua hoihoi o ka wax a ʻike i ka mea e pono ai ia.
Ma kēia pou e uhi mākou:
Wax: ʻO ka mea lāʻau paʻa e hoʻopaʻa i kahi kuʻi
ʻO ka wax e pili ana i kahi ʻano hui like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohuihui lipophilic, malleable paʻa kokoke i nā mahana ambient. Loaʻa iā lākou nā alkanes kiʻekiʻe a me nā lipids, maʻamau me nā helu hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o 40 °C, hoʻoheheʻe e hāʻawi i nā wai viscosity haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka wax kahi ʻano paʻa paʻa i ʻike nui ʻia a ikaika, e hopena i kahi ʻano paʻa i hiki ke paʻakikī ke hana pū me.
ʻAno Wax
Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wax, kēlā me kēia me kona ʻano like ʻole a me kona ʻano. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano wax kaulana loa:
- Wax Maʻemaʻe: Hana ʻia kēia ʻano wax mai nā mea kanu maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohui a i ʻole kemika.
- ʻEleʻele Wax: Hana ʻia kēia ʻano wax mai nā lau o ka mea kanu cannabis a ʻike ʻia no kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Dab Wax: Hana ʻia kēia ʻano wax me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo extraction, e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea kanu e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka ʻaila. ʻO ka huahana i loaʻa he mea gooey i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka wax maʻemaʻe akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma mua o ka wax crumble.
Ka Hana ana i ka Wax
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kaʻina hana o ka wax ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wax i hana ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau e pili ana i ka unuhi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui mai ka mea kanu a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hopena o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i koe. Loaʻa kēia kaʻina hana i kahi huahana koʻikoʻi i kūpono no nā mea hoʻohana e makemake i kahi ʻike wikiwiki a ikaika loa.
Hoʻoikaika a me ka mana
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā keʻena hoʻokō e loaʻa i nā laʻana o ka wax ka awelika o ka 70-90% THC, e hana ana ia i kekahi o nā ʻano o ka cannabis i loaʻa. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka THC i ka wax ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wax i hana ʻia, me kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa i ka 99% THC.
ʻO ka moʻolelo hoʻohiwahiwa o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wax
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wax e nā kānaka no nā kenekulia, akā no hea mai lākou? Eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka waxes maoli:
- Nā mea kanu: Hiki ke loaʻa nā waxes maoli mai nā mea kanu e like me ka soybeans, nā lāʻau pāma, a me ka jojoba. Lawe ʻia kēia mau waxes mai nā ʻanoʻano, nā lau, a i ʻole nā hua o ka mea kanu a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā kukui, a me nā meaʻai.
- Nā holoholona: ʻO kekahi kumu o ka waxes maoli he holoholona. ʻO ka beeswax, no ka laʻana, ua hana ʻia e ka meli meli e kūkulu i kā lākou hives. ʻO Lanolin, he mea like me ka wax, loaʻa mai ka ʻili o ka hipa a hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana mālama ʻili.
Mai ka Petroleum a hiki i ka Synthetics: ʻO ke kumu o nā Waxes Synthetic
ʻOiai ua puni nā waxes maoli no nā kenekulia, he mea hou nā waxes synthetic. Penei ke ano o lakou:
- ʻAla: Loaʻa ʻia nā wax synthetic mai ka ʻaila, kahi wahie fossil. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe e hana i nā ʻano waxes me nā waiwai kino like ʻole.
- Synthetics: Ma waho aʻe o ka petroleum-based waxes, hiki ke hana ʻia nā waxes synthetic. Hana ʻia kēia mau wax ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kemika like ʻole e hana i kahi mea like-wax.
Waxing: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waxes i kēia manawa
I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana ʻia nā waxes i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā kukui, a me nā meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka wax ma ka wehe lauoho. ʻO ka waxing ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wax wela i ka ʻili a laila wehe ʻia, me ka lauoho, e waiho i ka ʻili maʻemaʻe a me ka lauoho ʻole. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka waxing me nā waxes maoli a me ka synthetic, a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano kona ʻano ponoʻī o ke kino a me nā ʻano.
Wax Chemistry: Nā Molecules Paʻakikī e lawelawe ana i kahi hana maʻalahi
ʻO ka waxes kekahi ʻano lipid i loaʻa i kahi ʻakika momona kaulahao lōʻihi i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi waiʻona kaulahao lōʻihi. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka waiʻona ma nā wahi a pau mai ka 12 a hiki i ka 32 carbon atoms, a hiki i ka ʻakika momona ke loaʻa nā ʻano aliphatic (pololei) a i ʻole nā hale cyclic (ke ʻano apo). He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke degere o ka saturation o ka ʻakika momona, me kekahi mau waxes i loaʻa nā mea paʻa hoʻokahi wale nō ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona (saturated), aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau mea paʻa pālua (unsaturated).
Na Waxes i ke Natura
Loaʻa nā wax i nā ʻano mea olaola like ʻole, me ka ʻili o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hana lākou i ka hana mua ma ke ʻano he uhi lahilahi a pale e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā waxes i loaʻa ma ke ʻano he:
- ʻO ka beeswax, i hana ʻia e ka nalo meli e kūkulu i kā lākou mau waihona meli
- Carnauba wax, hua ʻia e nā lau o ka lāʻau pāma carnauba
- ʻO Lanolin, i hana ʻia e ka sebaceous glands o nā hipa a hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā huahana mālama ʻili
- ʻO Cutin, he polimer waxy i loaʻa i ka cuticle o nā lau mea kanu a me nā kumu
Na Waiwai Kemika o ka Wax
Paʻa maʻamau ka waxes ma ka lumi wela a he wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he waihona no ka ikehu a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka helu heheʻe pololei o ka wax e pili ana i kona ʻano kemika, me nā kaulahao lōʻihi a me nā mea paʻa saturated e alakaʻi ana i nā wahi heheʻe kiʻekiʻe. He hydrophobic maʻamau ka waxes, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai.
Nā Hoʻohana ʻOihana o nā Waxes
Loaʻa i nā waxes ka nui o nā hoʻohana ʻoihana, me:
- Ka hana ʻana i ke kukui, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā waxes e like me ka beeswax a i ʻole ka paraffin i mea nui
- ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā waxes ma ke ʻano he uhi a mālama paha no kekahi mau ʻano meaʻai
- ʻO nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā huahana mālama pilikino, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā wax ma ke ʻano he mea mānoanoa a i ʻole e hāʻawi i kahi pale pale no ka ʻili.
- ʻO nā poli a me nā uhi, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā waxes e hāʻawi i kahi pale pale a i ʻole ʻālohilohi i nā ʻili e like me nā papahele, nā kaʻa, a me nā lako.
- Pepa a me ka paʻi ʻana, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā waxes e hoʻomalu i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka inika a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka paʻi
Na Wax ma ka Lahu a me ka Aila
Loaʻa ʻia nā waxes i loko o nā waihona lanahu a me ka ʻaila, kahi i kapa ʻia lākou he "waxes ʻeleʻele" ma muli o ko lākou kala. ʻO kēia mau waxes he mau huila paʻakikī o nā molekala a ʻaʻole maopopo loa e like me nā waxes maoli. Eia nō naʻe, he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi lākou no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻomaka no nā huahana like ʻole, me nā lubricants, plastics, a me nā mea ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wax: ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi pale pale wale
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka wax i nā ʻano hoʻopau like ʻole a hūpono, mai nā wax kaʻa a hiki i ka ʻili. ʻO kāna hana nui ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili mai ka wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka wax nā pūhui e hāʻawi i nā pono hou, e like me ka pale UV a i ʻole nā mea anti-fouling. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻohana maʻamau o ka wax i ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana:
- Medium no ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻopau maʻamau
- Hoʻopau pani no ka lāʻau a me ka ʻili
- Hoʻopau wai-repellent no nā mea waho
- Paʻa paʻa no nā papahele a me nā lako
- Hoʻopau kūʻokoʻa no ka hana kiʻi a me ka hana lima
Wax i ka Hana Hana
He mea nui ka wax i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokuʻu mold, a me ka hana ʻana i nā adhesives, inks, a me nā pena. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻohana maʻamau o ka wax i ka hana ʻana:
- Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala
- Ke hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili maʻamau no nā noi kikoʻī
- Hoʻokumu i ke kumu no nā pena a me nā inika
- Ka hoomalu ana i ke degere o ka paakiki o na mea
Wax i loko o ka meaʻai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka wax i nā noi ʻoihana - loaʻa nō hoʻi i ka meaʻai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o kēlā me kēia lā. Ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano wax he mea ʻono, a hiki ke uku nui ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana maʻamau o ka wax i ka meaʻai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe:
- Ka uhi ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola papa
- Ka hana ʻana i ka papa waho o kekahi mau ʻano paʻakai
- Ke hana ʻana i kahi pūpū paʻakikī ma nā lole a me nā kokoleka
- Hāʻawi i kahi pale pale ma nā papa a me nā capsules
Wax maoli vs. Synthetic Wax
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka wax mai nā kumu kūlohelohe like ʻole, me ka lanahu, ka laiki, a me ka ʻaila pāma ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa ʻia nā waxes synthetic, a hana maʻamau ʻia mai kahi kaulahao paʻakikī o nā hopena kemika. ʻO ke ʻano o ka wax i hoʻohana ʻia ma muli o ka hana i manaʻo ʻia e lawelawe, a me ke ʻano o ka mana e pono ai ma luna o kāna mau waiwai. ʻO kekahi mau ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka wax kūlohelohe a me ka synthetic:
- Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ʻo ka wax maʻamau e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni
- Hiki i ka wax synthetic ke kūlike i kona mau waiwai
- Loaʻa paha i ka wax kūlohelohe ke kaulahao nui o nā mea i loaʻa i ka wax synthetic
Panina
No laila, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka wax – he mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā holoholona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale a hoʻopololei i nā ʻili. Ua hoʻohana ʻia no nā kenekulia no nā kumu like ʻole, mai nā kukui a i nā mea hoʻonaninani a i nā meaʻai.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele hewa me ka waxing liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa!
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke Kauka Mea Hana, mea kūʻai maʻiʻo, a me ka makuakāne. Makemake au i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana hou, a me kaʻu hui ua hana au i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai ka makahiki 2016 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
