Aluminium los yog txhuas yog cov hlau ntshiab uas muaj tus lej atomic 13. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws lub zog thiab lub teeb yuag, ua rau nws cov khoom siv tau zoo heev nyob rau niaj hnub no.
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
- Dab tsi yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb Siv ntawm Aluminium?
- Tau txais lub cev nrog Aluminium
- Aluminium: Chemistry Qab Hlau
- Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Aluminium: Nws tshwm sim li cas
- Los ntawm Mining mus rau Manufacturing: Lub Taub Hau ntawm Aluminium Ntau Lawm
- Aluminium: Ntau yam hlau rau ntau yam kev siv
- Ua haujlwm nrog Aluminium: Cov txheej txheem thiab cov lus qhia
- Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm Aluminium ntau lawm
- xaus
Dab tsi yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb Siv ntawm Aluminium?
Aluminium muaj ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog:
- Kev tsim kho: Aluminium feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam vim nws lub zog thiab kav ntev.
- Hluav taws xob fais fab: Aluminium yog siv rau hauv fais fab cables thiab xov hlau vim nws cov conductivity siab.
- Cov tais diav thiab cov thawv hauv chav ua noj: Aluminium feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, ntim khoom, thiab cov kaus poom vim nws tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion.
- Roj teeb thiab sib zog ntau lawm: Aluminium yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb thiab lub teeb vim nws lub teeb yuag.
Ntau npaum li cas Aluminium yog tsim?
Txhuas yog cov khoom tsim tawm heev, nrog ntau lab tons tsim txhua xyoo los ntawm cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb.
Dab tsi yog Aluminium tuaj?
Aluminium tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov ntawv, phaj, tuav, thiab raj. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li extrusion thiab forgings.
Lub luag hauj lwm dab tsi ua Aluminium ua si hauv ib puag ncig?
Aluminium muaj qhov cuam tshuam qis dua rau ib puag ncig piv rau lwm cov hlau, vim nws tuaj yeem siv dua thiab rov siv dua. Qhov no ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom tshiab uas lub hom phiaj txo cov khib nyiab thiab txhawb kev ruaj ntseg.
Tau txais lub cev nrog Aluminium
- Aluminium yog cov xim xiav-nyiaj uas ruaj khov heev vim nws cov qauv atomic.
- Nws muaj tus lej atomic ntawm 13 thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
- Lub atomic configuration ntawm txhuas yog 2, 8, 3, txhais tau tias nws muaj ob lub electrons nyob rau hauv thawj lub zog, yim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, thiab peb nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud zog theem.
- Lub sab nrauv electrons ntawm txhuas yog sib koom ntawm cov atoms, uas ua rau nws cov hlau sib txuas thiab ua rau nws ua tau zoo heev.
- Aluminium muaj lub cubic siv lead ua qauv thiab lub vojvoog ntawm kwv yees li 143 teev tsaus ntuj.
- Nws muaj qhov melting point ntawm 660.32 ° C thiab qhov kub ntawm 2519 ° C, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
- Qhov ceev ntawm txhuas yog tsawg, xws li ntawm 2.63 mus rau 2.80 g / cm³, nyob ntawm seb cov alloy tshwj xeeb.
- Aluminium yog ze li malleable li kub thiab yog qhov thib ob feem ntau malleable hlau, tom qab nyiaj.
- Nws tseem yog cov ductile heev, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem rub mus rau hauv cov xov hlau nyias yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
- Hauv kev sib piv rau lwm cov hlau, txhuas muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm kwv yees li 26.98 txog 28.08 g / mol, nyob ntawm cov isotope.
lub cev Yam ntxwv
- Aluminium yog ib yam khoom muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub crust, qhov twg nws yog feem ntau tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bauxite.
- Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas bauxite nrog sodium hydroxide thiab tom qab ntawd electrolyzing qhov sib xyaw ua ke.
- Ntshiab aluminium yog ib qho xim xiav-dawb me ntsis uas yog polished heev thiab muaj qhov ci me ntsis.
- Aluminium yog heev tiv taus corrosion, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv uas nws yuav raug rau cov ntsiab lus.
- Nws muaj cov thermal conductivity siab, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem hloov cov cua sov sai thiab ua tau zoo.
- Aluminium kuj tseem tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj hlau nplaum, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem, ua rau nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv.
- Nyob ntawm cov alloy, aluminium tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev muag muag thiab malleable mus rau tawv thiab muaj zog.
- Aluminium yog tsim nyog rau casting, machining, thiab forming, ua rau nws yog ib tug nrov xaiv rau ntau yam kev siv.
- Tau ntau xyoo, aluminium tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb vim nws lub cev muaj zog thiab qhov yooj yim uas nws tuaj yeem tsim thiab ua kom zoo dua qub.
- Raws li lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, txhuas yog ib tug nruab nrab-qhov loj qhov me, thiab nws yog ruaj khov heev vim nws cov electron configuration thiab bonding zog.
- Lub zog ionization ntawm txhuas yog qhov siab, txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj kom tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm txhuas atom lossis ion.
- Aluminium muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam ntawm isotopes, xws li 21Al txog 43Al, nrog lub zog ntawm 0.05 MeV txog 9.6 MeV.
- Lub cev muaj zog ntawm aluminium ua rau nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv uas tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev siv, los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev thauj mus los rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntim khoom.
Aluminium: Chemistry Qab Hlau
- Aluminium tau pom nyob rau hauv 1825 los ntawm Danish chemist Hans Christian Oersted.
- Nws yog tom qab hloov pauv hlau nrog lub cim Al thiab atomic tooj 13.
- Aluminium yog ib qho khoom ntawm chav tsev kub thiab muaj qhov valence ntawm peb.
- Nws muaj lub vojvoog me me atomic thiab cov electronegative heev, uas ua rau nws muaj zog ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus los tsim cov tebchaw.
- Cov khoom ntawm txhuas suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom, thiab raug mob corrosion.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub neej niaj hnub thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv tsev, kev thauj mus los, thiab ntim khoom.
Kev tsim khoom thiab kho kom zoo ntawm Aluminium
- Aluminium yog tsim los ntawm Hall-Héroult txheej txheem, uas koom nrog cov electrolysis ntawm alumina (Al2O3) hauv molten cryolite (Na3AlF6).
- Cov txheej txheem no yog lub zog siv zog thiab kim, tab sis txhuas yog dav siv thiab yooj yim siv.
- Lub peev xwm los tsim cov txhuas hauv cov khoom loj thiab ntawm tus nqi qis tau ua rau nws muaj cov hlau zoo nyob hauv cov neeg niaj hnub no.
- Cov txheej txheem refining yuav ntxiv lwm cov hlau xws li magnesium los tsim cov alloys nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Aluminium nyob rau hauv Xwm thiab nws Aqueous Chemistry
- Aluminium yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb, tab sis nws tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab.
- Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov xws li bauxite thiab av nplaum.
- Aluminium hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim thaum aluminium reacts nrog aqueous daws xws li potassium hydroxide (KOH).
- Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dej, txhuas ua ib tug nyias txheej ntawm oxide ntawm nws nto, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ntxiv corrosion.
Kev siv thiab kev siv ntawm Aluminium
- Aluminium muaj ntau yam kev siv vim nws cov khoom, nrog rau lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, thiab yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm nrog.
- Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv tsev thiab kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, ntim khoom, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Aluminium yog tsim los ua nyias daim, xws li cov ntawv ci, thiab cov khoom loj, xws li lub tsev thav duab.
- Lub peev xwm los sib xyaw txhuas nrog lwm cov hlau tso cai rau kev tsim cov alloys nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li lub zog thiab corrosion kuj.
- Aluminium rods feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob thaiv vim lawv cov conductivity zoo.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Aluminium: Nws tshwm sim li cas
- Aluminium yog qhov thib peb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb, ua li 8% ntawm nws qhov hnyav.
- Nws yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj tus lej atomic, nrog lub cim Al thiab atomic tooj 13.
- Aluminium tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis, theej nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm yam ntsiab lus thiab tebchaw.
- Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals, nrog rau silicates thiab oxides, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bauxite, ib tug sib tov ntawm hydrated aluminium oxides.
- Bauxite yog lub hauv paus ntawm aluminium, thiab pom muaj ntau nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws, suav nrog Australia, Guinea, thiab Brazil.
- Aluminium kuj tshwm sim hauv cov pob zeb tsis zoo li aluminosilicates hauv feldspars, feldspathoids, thiab micas, thiab hauv cov av tau muab los ntawm lawv li av nplaum.
- Thaum huab cua ntxiv, nws zoo li bauxite thiab hlau nplua nuj tom qab.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Tom Qab Aluminium's Tsim
- Txhuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm cov hnub qub los ntawm fusion tshua, thiab ejected mus rau hauv qhov chaw thaum cov hnub qub tawg li supernovae.
- Nws tuaj yeem tsim tau me me los ntawm kev hlawv ntawm qee yam khoom, xws li magnesium, nyob rau hauv muaj oxygen.
- Aluminium yog cov khoom ruaj khov, thiab tsis yooj yim tawg lossis puas los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Nws yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab lub teeb yuag, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kev siv.
Daim ntawv sib txawv ntawm txhuas hauv xwm
- Aluminium tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej uas nws pom.
- Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv hlau, txhuas yog ib qho muaj zog, ductile, thiab malleable cov ntaub ntawv uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntau yam ntawm cov khoom.
- Nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw, xws li txhuas oxide (Al2O3), uas feem ntau hu ua corundum lossis ruby.
- Native aluminium, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab yog pom nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv, yog heev tsawg thiab tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, xws li South America thiab Greenland.
- Aluminium kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, xws li hydrogen thiab oxygen, tsim cov khoom sib txuas xws li txhuas hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) thiab txhuas oxide (Al2O3).
Los ntawm Mining mus rau Manufacturing: Lub Taub Hau ntawm Aluminium Ntau Lawm
- Bauxite yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov txhuas
- Nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam kub thiab subtropical, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau South America, Africa, thiab Australia.
- Bauxite yog cov pob zeb sedimentary uas muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov zaub mov, suav nrog txhuas hydroxide, hlau oxide, thiab silica.
- Txhawm rau rho tawm bauxite, cov kws tshaj lij siv txoj hauv kev hu ua blasting, uas suav nrog kev siv cov khoom tawg kom tshem tawm cov av thiab lub ntiaj teb kom nkag mus rau cov nplua nuj nyob hauv qab.
- Tom qab ntawd cov mined bauxite yog khaws cia thiab thauj mus rau qhov chaw ua kom zoo
Refining Bauxite kom tau txais Alumina
- Cov txheej txheem refining pib nrog kev ntxuav cov bauxite kom tshem tawm cov impurities, xws li av nplaum thiab cov kab hlau thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav.
- Cov bauxite ntxuav yog ces crushed rau hauv me me pieces thiab qhuav los ua ib tug qhuav hmoov
- Cov hmoov no tau muab tso rau hauv lub tank loj, qhov twg nws yog tov nrog ib hom caustic soda thiab rhuab nyob rau hauv siab.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ua rau cov khoom hu ua alumina, uas yog cov khoom siv dawb, hmoov
- Alumina yog tom qab ntawd khaws cia thiab thauj mus rau lub smelter rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv
Smelting Alumina los ua Aluminium
- Cov txheej txheem smelting yuav hloov alumina rau hauv aluminium hlau
- Txoj kev tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws koom nrog cov txheej txheem Hall-Heroult, uas muaj ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb: txo cov alumina rau txhuas oxide thiab electrolysis ntawm txhuas oxide los tsim txhuas hlau.
- Kev txo qis ntawm alumina mus rau aluminium oxide yuav tsum ua kom sov alumina nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm txo qis, xws li carbon, tshem tawm cov pa thiab tsim cov txhuas oxide.
- Tom qab ntawd, aluminium oxide yog yaj nyob rau hauv molten electrolyte thiab raug rau hluav taws xob tam sim no los tsim txhuas hlau
- Cov txheej txheem smelting yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj thiab feem ntau nyob ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pheej yig, xws li cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem smelting yog cov khoom lag luam zoo aluminium uas tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, thiab ntim khoom.
Aluminium: Ntau yam hlau rau ntau yam kev siv
Aluminium yog siv dav siv hlau uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Nws yog lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm nrog, ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv nrov rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Hauv seem no, peb yuav tshawb txog ntau yam kev siv ntawm txhuas thiab cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv.
Kev siv hauv tsev thiab kev tsim kho
Aluminium yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho vim nws lub teeb yuag thiab corrosion-resistant zog. Qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm aluminium hauv tsev thiab kev tsim kho muaj xws li:
- Lub tsev, cladding, thiab facades
- Qhov rai, qhov rooj, thiab khw muag khoom
- Architectural hardware thiab balustrading
- Guttering thiab kua dej systems
- Treadplate thiab industrial flooring
Aluminium kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw ua kis las, xws li chaw ntau pob thiab arenas, vim nws lub teeb yuag thiab ruaj khov.
Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Lag Luam
Aluminium yog siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam vim nws cov khoom siv tshuab thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm aluminium hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam suav nrog:
- Cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab cov khoom siv
- Kev tsim cov kaus poom rau dej haus thiab zaub mov
- Cov tais diav thiab khoom siv ua noj
- Cheebtsam rau kev lag luam tsheb thauj mus los, suav nrog kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab tsheb
- Alloys rau ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, suav nrog cov catalysts thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv corrosion
Aluminium kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov ntawv ci rau ntim thiab rwb thaiv tsev vim nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov cua sov thiab nws tsis kam rau dej thiab ziab.
Aluminium Alloys thiab lawv cov kev siv
Aluminium alloys yog tsim los ntawm alloying agents xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab silicon los txhim kho cov hlau cov khoom siv thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Qee qhov feem ntau aluminium alloys thiab lawv cov ntawv thov suav nrog:
- Wrought alloys- siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom vim lawv lub zog siab thiab zoo formability
- Cam khwb cia hlau - siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm complex Cheebtsam vim lawv muaj peev xwm muab cam khwb cia rau hauv intricate duab
- Kynal - ib tsev neeg ntawm cov alloys tsim los ntawm British Imperial Chemical Industries uas tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv.
Lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Lag Luam rau Aluminium
Aluminium yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau siv dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau txhuas yog qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ua raws li Russia thiab Canada. Qhov kev thov rau txhuas yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev tsim kho, vim tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov nce ntxiv.
Ua haujlwm nrog Aluminium: Cov txheej txheem thiab cov lus qhia
Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog txhuas, muaj ob peb lub tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo:
- Txiav: Txhuas tuaj yeem txiav siv ntau yam cuab yeej, suav nrog saws, txiav, thiab txawm tias lub thawv ntawv yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau txoj haujlwm thiab saib xyuas kom tsis txhob ua kom cov khoom puas hauv cov txheej txheem.
- dabtsi yog khoov: Aluminium yog ib tug kuj mos hlau, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau khoov thiab puab rau hauv ntau hom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem kom tsis txhob ua kom puas los yog tawm hauv qhov tsis pom kev.
- Kev Koom Tes: Txhuas tuaj yeem koom nrog siv ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog vuam, brazing, thiab soldering. Txhua txoj kev muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb.
- Kev Ua tiav: Txhuas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog polishing, anodizing, thiab pleev xim. Txhua txoj kev muaj nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam sib txawv thiab ua tiav.
daim ntawv sau npe
Aluminium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv, xws li:
- Kev tsim kho: Aluminium yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev vim nws lub zog, durability, thiab lub teeb yuag.
- Ua noj: Aluminium feem ntau siv hauv cookware vim nws muaj peev xwm ua kom sov sai thiab sib npaug.
- Kev sib txuas hauv Circuit Court thiab blocks: Aluminium feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov kev sib txuas hauv Circuit Court thiab blocks vim nws muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob.
- Ntim: Aluminium yog siv los tsim ntau yam khoom ntim sib txawv, suav nrog cov kaus poom, ntawv ci, thiab txawm tias qe thawv.
Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam
Txawm hais tias aluminium yog cov khoom siv ntau yam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog nws qhov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Kev tsim cov txhuas yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig yog tias tsis ua raws li lub luag haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem siv los txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm txhuas tsim thiab siv.
Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm Aluminium ntau lawm
Aluminium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov dej hauv dej. Thaum tso tawm rau hauv dej lub cev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm plasma- thiab haemolymph ions hauv cov ntses thiab cov pob txha, ua rau osmoregulatory tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, ua rau txo qis hauv biodiversity. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tso tawm sulfuric emissions thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txhuas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub los nag, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau cov dej hauv dej.
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Aluminium ntau lawm kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau thaj av ecosystems. Kev deforestation feem ntau tsim nyog los ua kom muaj chaw rau txhuas tsim cov nroj tsuag, ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau ntau hom nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Kev tso cov pa phem rau hauv huab cua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov zej zog nyob ze thiab cov tsiaj qus. Av muaj kuab paug yog lwm qhov teeb meem, vim tias cov tshuaj siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv av thiab ua rau cov nroj tsuag lub neej.
xaus
Yog li ntawd koj muaj nws, kev siv ntau ntawm txhuas thiab vim li cas nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo. Nws yog cov hlau hnyav uas muaj zog ntau, ua rau nws zoo meej rau kev tsim kho, kev thauj mus los, thiab ntim khoom. Ntxiv rau, nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj hlau nplaum, yog li nws muaj kev nyab xeeb siv. Yog li tsis txhob ntshai siv nws! Koj tuaj yeem rov ua dua nws txhua lub sijhawm thaum koj ua tiav nrog nws.
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.
