Lub thav duab yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa uas tuav ib yam dab tsi rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no feem ntau yog lub qhov rais, tab sis kuj yog lub qhov rooj lossis txawm tias cov duab tuaj yeem tuav hauv qhov chaw los ntawm tus ncej.
Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntoo, hlau, lossis yas, thiab tuaj yeem ua sab hauv lossis sab nrauv. Lub thav duab yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm lub qhov rais thiab kom nws tsis txhob sagging lossis tawg. Nws kuj tseem pab kom insulate lub qhov rais thiab khaws cov ntawv sau.
Cov ncej yog nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv kev tsim kho. Los ntawm tus ncej ntawm koj lub tsev mus rau lub thav duab ntawm koj lub tsom iav, lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw! Tab sis dab tsi raws nraim yog ib tug ncej hauv kev tsim kho?
Ib tug ncej nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho yog ib tug structural system uas muab kev txhawb nqa rau lub tsev. Cov thav ntawv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntoo, hlau, lossis pob zeb, thiab tuaj yeem yog braced lossis nruj. Cov ncej tuaj yeem siv los txhawb cov phab ntsa, cov plag tsev, thiab lub ru tsev.
Hauv kab lus no, kuv yuav piav qhia tias lub thav duab yog dab tsi thiab nws siv li cas hauv kev tsim kho. Kuv tseem yuav tham txog ntau hom thav ntawv thiab seb lawv siv li cas.
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
- Hom Ncej Structures: Tshaj li qhov hauv paus
- Lub Evolution ntawm Framing hauv Kev Tsim Kho
- Kev kos duab ntawm phab ntsa Framing hauv Kev Tsim Kho
- Braced Ncej: Lub Caj Npab Ntawm Cov Tsev Muaj Zog
- Balloon Framing: Ib txoj hauv kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim kho
- Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev: Lub Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Kev Tsim Kho
- Hlau: Cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab ruaj khov rau kev tsim kho ncej
- Glue and Drying Techniques: Key to Strong Frame Construction
- Kab rov tav thiab ntsug kev txhawb nqa: Ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov ncej tsim
- Finishes: Ntxiv qhov kawg kov rau Frame Construction
- Combined Materials: Siv cov khoom sib txawv los txhim kho ncej kev tsim kho
- Ntoo qhov rais thav duab
- xaus
Hom Ncej Structures: Tshaj li qhov hauv paus
Cov qauv ncej feem ntau tau muab faib ua ob hom raws li lawv tiv thaiv cov khoom siv li cas: cov thav ntawv kawg thiab cov ncej braced. Xaus thav duab yog cov uas muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov los yog nruj ntawm lawv qhov kawg, thaum cov thav duab braced yog cov uas muaj kab pheeb ces kaum los tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom sab nraud.
Sib txawv ntawm Cov Duab thiab Cov Khoom Siv: Rigid, Tsau, Gabled, thiab Portal
Cov qauv ncej kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li lawv cov duab thiab cov khoom. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- Rigid thav duab: Cov no yog cov thav duab uas muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov ntawm ob qho kawg thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov qauv loj xws li txuas hniav.
- Fixed thav duab: Cov no yog cov thav duab uas muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov ntawm ib qho kawg thiab pob khawm sib txuas ntawm lwm qhov kawg. Lawv feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev.
- Gabled thav duab: Cov no yog cov thav duab uas muaj cov duab peb sab thiab feem ntau siv hauv tsev tsim los txhawb lub ru tsev.
- Portal thav duab: Cov no yog cov thav duab uas muaj cov duab plaub thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho los txhawb kev qhib loj.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw Framed Structures
Cov qauv ncej kuj tuaj yeem ua ke los tsim cov struccore uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm ob hom. Piv txwv li, ib lub tsev tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm braced thiab xaus thav duab los tsim cov qauv uas muaj zog thiab tiv taus rau sab nraud.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, thav duab qauv yog ib tug ua ke ntawm beam, kem, thiab slab Cheebtsam uas yog siv los tiv thaiv ob sab thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus loads. Lawv subdivided rau hauv kawg thiab braced thav duab thiab sib txawv los ntawm lawv cov duab thiab cov khoom. Los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau hom thav duab, cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem tsim muaj qhov zoo ntawm ob qho tib si.
Lub Evolution ntawm Framing hauv Kev Tsim Kho
Framing yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho rau ntau pua xyoo. Lub sijhawm Neolithic thaum ub pom kev siv cov ntoo ntoo hauv cov tsev, thiab kev coj noj coj ua txuas ntxiv mus txog lub sijhawm Roman. Cov kws ntoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau siv cov cim thiab cov lej los txheeb xyuas thiab sib sau cov ntoo, ib qho kev siv niaj hnub no. Lub rooj sablaj saum toj kawg nkaus, qhov twg cov ntoo kawg txuas nrog rau lub thav duab, yog lub sijhawm kev ntseeg hauv qee lub tebchaws.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv Framing
Cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv framing tau sib txawv thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm thiab thoob plaws cheeb tsam sib txawv. Hauv thaj chaw uas muaj ntoo thuv, feem ntau yog siv, thaum lub pob zeb thiab av nplaum tau nrov hauv lwm thaj chaw. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntoo tawv zoo li ntoo qhib thiab liab cedar tau siv ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv framing kuj txawv, nrog ntau txoj kev siv nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws thiab lub sij hawm. Qee cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- Balloon framing
- Braced ncej
- Vernacular architecture
- Tudor framing
Framing hla ntau thaj chaw nyab xeeb
Framing muaj keeb kwm tau txais kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog cov ntoo tawv tawv, uas muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, suav nrog thaj tsam Baltic thiab sab qaum teb sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb, qhov twg hardwoods tsawg dua, framing feem ntau yog ua los ntawm softwoods xws li ntoo thuv. Kev nyab xeeb thiab cov khoom siv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov evolution ntawm framing hauv kev tsim kho.
Kev kos duab ntawm phab ntsa Framing hauv Kev Tsim Kho
Cov tswv cuab ntawm phab ntsa, xws li studs thiab daim hlau, raug txiav kom ntev thiab muab tso rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm kom raug. Cov npoo ntawm cov tswv cuab yog tom qab ntawd ua kom ntseeg tau tias phab ntsa yog qhov tseeb thiab qib.
Txhawb thiab Platforms
Phab ntsa framing muab kev txhawb nqa rau pem teb sab saud, qab nthab, thiab lub ru tsev. Platforms, xws li joists thiab platforms, yog siv los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm cov plag tsev sab saud thiab lub ru tsev.
Sheathing thiab Npog
Thaum cov phab ntsa ua tiav, sheathing, xws li plywood, yog ntxiv los muab kev txhawb nqa sab nraud thiab tiv thaiv cua. Npog cov ntaub ntawv, xws li phab ntsa ntub dej, tom qab ntawd ntxiv kom tiav cov phab ntsa.
Bracing thiab nruj
Phab ntsa framing yuav tsum tau bracing los tiv thaiv lateral zog, xws li cua. Diagonal bracing feem ntau yog siv los muab kev nruj rau phab ntsa.
Bearing Walls thiab Boxed Sections
Cov kabmob phab ntsa yog cov phab ntsa uas txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv saum toj no. Cov thawv ntim khoom yog siv los ntim cov khoom lag luam, xws li cov kav dej thiab hluav taws xob.
Zog thiab Codes
Phab ntsa thav duab yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv tsev thiab kev txiav txim siab kom ntseeg tau tias nws lub zog thiab kev nyab xeeb. Lub zog ntawm phab ntsa framing nyob ntawm hom phab ntsa thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv.
Braced Ncej: Lub Caj Npab Ntawm Cov Tsev Muaj Zog
Lub braced thav duab yog ib hom ntawm cov qauv siv feem ntau siv hauv cov tsev uas raug rau cov khoom siv sab nraud, xws li cua thiab seismic siab. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem sib txuas ua ke ua los ntawm cov qauv hlau uas tau teem rau hauv txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov rog no. Braced thav duab yog tsim los nqa thiab faib cov quab yuam los ntawm theem siab ntawm lub tsev mus rau hauv av, ua kom lub tsev nyob ruaj khov thiab nyab xeeb.
Braced Frame Ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub thav duab braced yog tiv thaiv lub zog sab nraud uas cuam tshuam rau lub tsev. Cov rog no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cua, seismic, lossis lwm yam sab nraud. Braced thav duab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nqa cov zog no mus rau hauv av los ntawm cov txheej txheem steel uas tau teem rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus steel yog tsim los ua haujlwm zoo hauv ob qho tib si nro thiab compression, uas ua rau lawv nqa lub zog sib npaug.
Dab tsi cuam tshuam Bracing muaj rau kev tsim tsev?
Bracing yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub tsev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj kev lub tsev zoo li thiab ua haujlwm. Qee txoj hauv kev bracing tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim tsev muaj xws li:
- Cov duab thiab daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev
- Qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom bracing
- Hom khoom siv rau cov khoom bracing
- Txoj kev cov ntsiab lus bracing txuas nrog lub hauv paus quab yuam-nqa cov ntsiab lus
- Qib ntawm cov thickness ntxiv thiab lub zog xav tau rau lub tsev cov qauv
Balloon Framing: Ib txoj hauv kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim kho
Balloon framing yog ib txoj hauv kev nrov ntawm kev tsim kho uas tau pib hauv nruab nrab-1800s. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov txheej txheem niaj hnub platform framing thiab feem ntau siv niaj hnub no rau cov tsev me. Tsis zoo li lub platform framing, balloon framing muaj qhov txuas txuas ntxiv uas txuas ntxiv qhov siab ntawm lub tsev, feem ntau yog ob zaj dab neeg, los ntawm lub hauv paus phaj mus rau rafter phaj. Qhov no tso cai rau ib tug ntau complex thiab loj qauv tsim los siv cov khoom me me ntawm cov ntoo.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Balloon Framing
Zoo:
- Balloon framing tso cai rau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim lub tsev, nyob ntawm qhov kev txawj ntawm tus tsim.
- Nws tso cai rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntoo loj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob rau lub tsev.
- Balloon framing feem ntau siv sijhawm tsawg dua thiab siv zog tsawg dua li lub platform framing, uas tuaj yeem txuag tau tus nqi.
tsis zoo:
- Balloon framing yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm cov ntoo, uas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyuaj thiab kim.
- Cov studs txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem tso cai rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho piv rau platform framing.
- Balloon framing tsis tau siv niaj hnub no vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hav zoov nkauj xwb hauv Asmeskas, ua rau nws nyuaj rau nrhiav cov ntoo loj heev uas xav tau rau txoj kev no.
Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev: Lub Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Kev Tsim Kho
Ntoo yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho ncej. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv ntuj tsim tau yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm nrog. Feem ntau siv cov ntoo hauv kev tsim vaj tsev muaj xws li ntoo thuv, poplar, liab thiab rosewood. Lub thickness ntawm cov ntoo siv hauv thav duab tsim feem ntau yog li ntawm 2 mus rau 4 ntiv tes. Ntoo yog txiav mus rau hauv pieces hu ua sticks, uas yog ces txuas mus rau lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev.
Hlau: Cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab ruaj khov rau kev tsim kho ncej
Hlau yog lwm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho ncej. Nws yog cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab ruaj khov uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub sijhawm thiab huab cua. Hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tsev uas xav tau ntau dua ntawm lub zog thiab kev txhawb nqa. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse ua lag luam thiab loj industrial lug.
Glue and Drying Techniques: Key to Strong Frame Construction
Hauv kev tsim cov thav duab, kev siv cov kua nplaum thiab cov txheej txheem kom qhuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj lub zog thiab ruaj khov. Cov kua nplaum yog siv rau cov npoo ntawm cov ntoo lossis cov hlau los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev txav los yog hloov. Cov txheej txheem ziab yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias cov kua nplaum tau qhuav tag ua ntej cov khoom sib txuas. Lub xub pwg nyom thiab thaiv txoj kev yog feem ntau siv los ua txoj haujlwm thiab txiav cov ntoo lossis hlau.
Kab rov tav thiab ntsug kev txhawb nqa: Ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov ncej tsim
Kab rov tav thiab ntsug kev txhawb nqa yog siv los ua kom lub zog ntawm cov ncej tsim. Cov kev txhawb nqa kab rov tav feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm theem siab thiab qis ntawm lub tsev, thaum cov kev txhawb nqa ntsug tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa siv hauv kev tsim cov thav duab yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab tsim ntawm lub tsev.
Finishes: Ntxiv qhov kawg kov rau Frame Construction
Kev ua tiav yog siv los ntxiv qhov kawg kov rau kev tsim kho ncej. Lawv suav nrog ntau yam khoom xws li xim, polish, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem uas siv rau saum npoo ntawm tus ncej. Kev ua tiav tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov ntoo lossis hlau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub sijhawm thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov tsos ntawm lub tsev.
Combined Materials: Siv cov khoom sib txawv los txhim kho ncej kev tsim kho
Qee zaum, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tau ua ke los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim cov ncej. Piv txwv li, ntoo thiab hlau tuaj yeem ua ke los tsim ib lub thav duab uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm lub tsev thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.
Ntoo qhov rais thav duab
Koj siv ntoo thav duab hauv koj lub tsev thiab cov thav ntawv ntoo yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua.
Thaum koj yuav tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum xaiv ua ntej.
Lub pob zeb twg koj xav tau, lub ru tsev vuas thiab qhov twg koj xaiv.
Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov yas thav duab, aluminium thav duab thiab ntoo thav duab.
Koj yuav pom tseeb ntawm tus nqi thiab koj yuav pom tias cov ntoo thav ntawv yog kim dua li cov thav ntawv yas.
Aluminium qhov rais yog qhov kim tshaj plaws.
Koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj xaiv raws li tus nqi.
Dab tsi kuj suav, tau kawg, yog qhov tsos.
Ntoo thav duab muab koj lub tsev sov so thiab ntxiv tus nqi.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm nrog thiab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Tus kheej, kuv xaiv rau ib qho nyuaj ntoo ncej.
Qhov no yog vim qhov no yog ntoo muaj zog ntau thiab tiv taus huab cua cuam tshuam.
Cov npe nrov yog merbau thiab meranti.
Ib hom ntoo sib txawv feem ntau yog siv rau sab hauv tsev.
Tom qab tag nrho, cov qhov rais no tsis yog nyob ntawm huab cua.
Spruce thiab ntoo thuv feem ntau yog siv rau sab hauv tsev.
Kev xaiv ib txwm yog tus kheej.
Nws yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm pluses thiab minuses.
Yog tias koj ua ke, qhov kev xaiv tau sai sai.
Ntoo thav duab uas xim system koj xaiv
Yog tias koj xav mus txuas ntxiv mus saib cov qauv ntawm cov ntoo, xaiv cov pob tshab lacquer lossis stain.
Yog tias koj xav muab cov xim rau nws, koj yuav ua qhov no nrog cov xim raws li turpentine.
Tam sim no kuv tab tom tham txog sab nraud ntawm lub qhov rais thav duab.
Siv cov xim acrylic rau sab hauv.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov ntoo thav ntawv xav tau kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua.
Koj yuav tsum xav tias txhua 6 mus rau 7 xyoo koj yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau lub tsho tshiab ntawm cov xim rau nws.
Nrog rau qhov no koj optimally tswj cov xwm txheej ntawm thav duab.
Yog tias koj yuav siv stain, koj yuav tau ua qhov no txhua peb lossis plaub xyoos.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum ntxuav koj lub qhov rais ntoo ob zaug hauv ib xyoos nrog ib lub hom phiaj huv huv.
Yog tias koj ua qhov no tsis tu ncua koj yuav pom tias koj lub sijhawm pleev xim tuaj yeem raug ncua.
Yog li koj xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg dua.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam txhua xyoo.
Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias txhua xyoo koj taug kev ncig koj lub tsev thiab sau qhov tsis xws luag.
Cov no tuaj yeem yog tawg lossis kua muag.
Koj feem ntau pom qhov no hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub qhov rais thav ntawv.
Tom qab ntawd daws qhov no tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev thov acrylic sealant kom tsis txhob muaj dej nkag mus.
Tom qab tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau acrylic sealant.
Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no koj tus kheej, kom tus neeg pleev kob ua qhov haujlwm no.
Yog tias koj ib txwm ua tiav ob lub ntsiab lus saum toj no, koj yuav pom tias koj cov xim pleev xim tseem nyob hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws!
xaus
Yog li, qhov ntawd yog li cas lub thav duab hauv kev tsim ua haujlwm. Cov thav duab tuaj yeem siv los txhawb lub tsev phab ntsa lossis lub ru tsev, lossis tsuas yog cov phab ntsa, thiab lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev. Tam sim no koj paub tag nrho cov ins thiab outs ntawm thav duab, yog li mus tom ntej thiab siv qhov kev paub ntawd ntse.
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.
