Cov iav yog cov khoom siv amorphous (tsis yog crystalline) cov khoom siv uas feem ntau pob tshab thiab muaj kev siv dav dav, thev naus laus zis, thiab kev siv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv cov khoom xws li qhov rais panes, tableware, thiab optoelectronics.
Cov neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws, thiab keeb kwm qub tshaj plaws, hom iav yog ua raws cov tshuaj lom neeg silica (silicon dioxide), cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb. Lub sij hawm iav, hauv kev siv nrov, feem ntau yog siv los xa mus rau cov khoom siv no nkaus xwb, uas yog paub los ntawm kev siv lub qhov rais iav thiab hauv iav fwj.
Ntawm ntau lub silica-raws li iav iav uas muaj, zoo tib yam glazing thiab thawv iav yog tsim los ntawm ib hom hu ua soda-lime iav, muaj li ntawm 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) los ntawm sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, tseem hu ua txiv qaub (CaO), thiab ntau yam me me ntxiv.
Ib qho ntshiab thiab ruaj khov quartz iav tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov silica ntshiab; lwm cov tebchaw saum toj no yog siv los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias workability ntawm cov khoom.
Ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm silicate tsom iav tau los ntawm lawv qhov pom kev pom, uas ua rau nce mus rau ib qho ntawm cov iav silicate 'thawj siv ua qhov rais panes.
Cov iav yuav cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam lub teeb; Cov kev zoo no tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev txiav thiab polishing los ua cov lo ntsiab muag kho qhov muag, prisms, iav zoo, thiab fiber ntau rau kev kub ceev cov ntaub ntawv xa mus los ntawm lub teeb. Cov iav tuaj yeem pleev xim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsev ntsev, thiab tuaj yeem pleev xim rau.
Cov kev zoo no tau coj mus rau kev siv iav ntau hauv kev tsim cov khoom kos duab thiab tshwj xeeb, cov qhov rais stained iav. Txawm hais tias nkig, silicate iav yog qhov ruaj khov heev, thiab ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov iav tawg muaj nyob los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ua iav thaum ntxov.
Vim tias iav tuaj yeem tsim los yog molded rau hauv ib qho duab, thiab tseem vim tias nws yog cov khoom tsis muaj menyuam, nws tau siv ib txwm siv rau cov hlab ntsha: lub tais, vases, fwj, jars thiab haus iav. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws nws kuj tau siv rau paperweights, marbles, thiab hlaws dai.
Thaum extruded li iav fiber ntau thiab matted li iav ntaub plaub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev rau ntxiab huab cua, nws dhau los ua ib tug thermal insulating khoom, thiab thaum cov iav fibers yog embedded rau hauv ib tug organic polymer yas, lawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb structural reinforcement ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv fiberglass.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb, lo lus iav feem ntau txhais tau hais tias dav dav, suav nrog txhua yam khoom uas muaj cov tsis-crystalline (piv txwv li amorphous) atomic-scale qauv thiab uas nthuav tawm iav hloov thaum rhuab mus rau lub xeev cov kua. Yog li, cov plooj (porcelains) thiab ntau cov polymer thermoplastics paub los ntawm kev siv txhua hnub, yog cov iav lub cev thiab.
Cov tsom iav no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv: hlau alloys, ionic melts, aqueous daws, molecular kua, thiab polymers.
Rau ntau daim ntawv thov (lub raj mis, tsom iav) iav polymer (acrylic iav, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate) yog ib qho kev sib dua rau cov iav silica.
Thaum siv hauv qhov rais, nws feem ntau hu ua "glazing".
Hom glazing, los ntawm ib khob rau Hr +++
Hom iav dab tsi muaj thiab qhov ua haujlwm ntawm hom iav yog dab tsi nrog lawv cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev.
Niaj hnub no muaj ntau hom iav.
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no ob glazing nrog lawv cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev.
Qhov siab dua cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev, qhov ntau lub zog koj tuaj yeem txuag tau.
Hom iav insulate koj lub tsev, zoo li nws yog.
Ventilating tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj cov av noo hauv koj lub tsev.
Yog tias koj tsis ua pa zoo, cov rwb thaiv tsev kuj tseem muaj nqis tsawg.
Hom iav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev.
Hom iav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv ntau qhov tuab.
Nws nyob ntawm seb koj puas muaj lub qhov rais casement lossis ib lub thav duab ruaj khov.
Lub thicknesses nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais casement yog nyias dua li cov thav duab, vim hais tias cov ntoo thicknesses txawv.
Qhov no ua rau tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov iav qub qub tseem tsis tshua siv, tseem muaj tsev nrog hom iav no thiab tseem tsim tawm.
Ces kuv pib nrog insulating iav, kuj hu ua ob glazing.
Cov iav muaj cov nplooj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog huab cua los yog ib tug insulating gas.
Los ntawm H + mus rau HR +++, ntau hom iav.
Hr + glazing yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov iav insulating, tab sis raws li ib qho ntxiv nws muaj cov txheej txheem kub-reflecting thov rau nplooj, thiab cov kab noj hniav yog ntim nrog cua.
Tom qab ntawd koj muaj HR ++ iav, uas koj tuaj yeem sib piv nrog HR iav, tsuas yog cov kab noj hniav puv nrog Argon roj.
Tus nqi rwb thaiv tsev yog ces txawm zoo dua li HR +.
Cov iav no feem ntau ntsia thiab feem ntau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
Yog tias koj xav ua nws ib kauj ruam ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem coj HR +++.
Cov iav no yog triple thiab muaj cov roj argon lossis krypton.
HR +++ feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv cov tsev tshiab tsim, uas cov thav ntawv twb tsim nyog.
Yog tias koj tseem xav muab tso rau hauv cov thav ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, koj cov thav ntawv yuav tsum tau hloov kho.
Nco ntsoov tias HR +++ yog tus nqi kim heev.
Cov iav hom no tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua suab-pov thawj, hluav taws-resistant, hnub-regulating thiab kev nyab xeeb iav (laminated).
Hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej no kuv yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas ua iav koj tus kheej, nws yooj yim dua li qhov koj xav.
Koj puas pom qhov no ib tsab xov xwm tseem ceeb?
Qhia rau kuv paub los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim zoo.
BVD.
Pete deVries.
Koj puas tseem xav yuav cov xim pheej yig hauv kuv lub khw pleev xim online? Nyem qhov no.
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.
