Latex yog qhov ruaj khov dispersion (emulsion) ntawm polymer microparticles hauv nruab nrab aqueous. Latexes tej zaum yuav yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws.
Nws tuaj yeem ua hluavtaws los ntawm polymerizing ib lub monomer xws li styrene uas tau emulsified nrog surfactants.
Latex raws li pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog ib tug milky kua pom nyob rau hauv 10% ntawm tag nrho cov flowering nroj tsuag (angiosperms).
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
Dab tsi yog hauv Latex?
Latex yog ib tug natural polymer tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug milky tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub bark ntawm roj hmab ntoo. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm hydrocarbon emulsion, uas yog sib xyaw ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Cov latex yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb me me, cov kwj dej, thiab cov hlab ntsha uas pom muaj nyob hauv tsob ntoo sab hauv tawv tawv.
Tsev Neeg Rubber
Latex yog ib hom roj hmab uas los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg Euphorbiaceae. Lwm cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev neeg no muaj xws li milkweed, mulberry, dogbane, chicory, thiab sunflower. Txawm li cas los xij, hom latex feem ntau yog los ntawm hom Hevea brasiliensis, uas yog nyob rau South America tab sis vam meej hauv cov tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj xws li Thaib thiab Indonesia.
Cov txheej txheem sau qoob loo
Txhawm rau sau cov latex, tappers ua cov txiav hauv tsob ntoo cov tawv ntoo thiab sau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas oozes tawm. Cov txheej txheem tsis ua mob rau tsob ntoo, thiab nws tuaj yeem tsim cov latex mus txog 30 xyoo. Latex yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, ua rau nws cov khoom siv hauv eco.
Kev Sau Ntawv
Latex yog tsim los ntawm kwv yees li 30 feem pua ntawm cov roj hmab, 60 feem pua dej, thiab 10 feem pua ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov protein, resins, thiab suab thaj. Lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm latex yog los ntawm cov saw hlau ntev ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab.
Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev
Latex yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, suav nrog:
- Cov hnab looj tes
- Hnab ya looj
- Balloons
- Elastic bands
- Ntaus pob
- Ua npuas ncauj txaj
- Me nyuam lub raj mis txiv mis
University Bachelor of Science hauv Horticulture
Raws li ib tug neeg uas muaj Bachelor of Science hauv Horticulture, kuv tuaj yeem qhia rau koj tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov latex yog qhov txaus nyiam. Thaum koj tev rov qab cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo roj hmab, koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ducts uas nthuav tawm cov kua mis latex. Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ntau yam khoom sib txawv uas peb siv txhua hnub.
Qhov Tseeb Txog Qhov Latex Los Ntawm
Latex yog ib yam khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo roj hmab, uas yog nyob rau South America. Cov kua mis yog tsim los ntawm 30 mus rau 40 feem pua dej thiab 60 mus rau 70 feem pua ntawm cov roj hmab. Cov hlab ntsha latex loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho txuas txuas ntxiv ib ncig ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo.
Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Ntoo Roj Hmab
Muaj ntau hom ntoo roj hmab, tab sis feem ntau yog cov ntoo roj hmab Pará, uas loj hlob hauv cov huab cua sov. Nws yog feem ntau zus nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag roj hmab, qhov twg nws muaj peev xwm sau tau rau ntawm ib tug loj teev.
Txoj kev ua
Cov txheej txheem ntawm tig latex rau hauv cov roj hmab muaj ob peb kauj ruam, suav nrog coagulation, ntxuav, thiab ziab. Thaum lub sij hawm coagulation, cov latex tau kho nrog cov kua qaub ua rau cov roj hmab sib txuas ua ke. Cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim yog tom qab ntawd ntxuav thiab qhuav kom tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau thiab tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab siv tau.
Synthetic Latex vs Natural Latex
Synthetic latex yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau ntuj latex. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom xws li txaj thiab hauv ncoo. Thaum hluavtaws latex pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua los tsim, nws tsis muaj tib lub zog thiab ua haujlwm ntev li ntuj latex.
Kawm Txog Latex
Raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv nrog Bachelor of Science hauv Horticulture, Kuv tau kawm ntau yam txog latex thiab nws cov khoom. Thaum ua haujlwm rau kev pabcuam kho mob thaum lub Yim Hli, kuv pom tias latex yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam kev siv. Txawm hais tias koj txaus siab rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm latex lossis ntau txoj hauv kev uas nws tuaj yeem ua tiav, nws yeej ib txwm xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom siv ntau yam no.
Sau Latex: Daim duab ntawm Extracting ntau yam khoom
- Latex yog cov kua mis uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo roj hmab, cov ntoo tawv ntoo uas tau los ntawm Pará roj hmab ntoo (Hevea brasiliensis).
- Txhawm rau pib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov latex, tappers txiav nyias strips ntawm cov tawv ntoo los ntawm tsob ntoo, nthuav tawm cov hlab ntsha latex uas muaj cov kua dej.
- Cov tawv ntoo yog txiav rau hauv cov qauv kauv, hu ua grooves, uas tso cai rau cov latex ntws tawm ntawm tsob ntoo thiab mus rau hauv lub khob sau.
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau qoob loo cuam tshuam nrog kev tapping ntawm tsob ntoo, uas pib thaum tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog txog rau xyoo thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog 25 xyoo.
Sau Cov Sap: Kev Tsim Nyog Raw Latex
- Thaum cov tawv ntoo raug txiav, cov latex ntws tawm ntawm tsob ntoo thiab mus rau hauv lub khob sau.
- Tappers nyiam cov khob ntim khoom, hloov lawv raws li qhov xav tau los xyuas kom meej cov latex ntws tsis tu ncua.
- Cov kua txiv uas tau sau tseg yog lim kom tshem tawm cov impurities thiab ntim rau hauv nruas rau kev thauj mus los.
- Qee cov neeg tsim khoom haus luam yeeb latex los khaws nws ua ntej xa khoom.
Ua cov Latex: Los ntawm Raw Khoom mus rau cov khoom tiav
- Ua ntej cov latex tuaj yeem siv tau, nws tau siv ntau yam tshuaj kho mob kom tshem tawm impurities thiab txhim kho nws cov khoom.
- Thawj kauj ruam yog prevulcanization, uas muaj cov cua sov maj mam tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau thiab ua kom cov khoom ruaj khov.
- Tom ntej no, cov latex yog dov rau hauv nyias cov nplooj ntawv thiab qhuav kom tshem tawm cov dej noo seem.
- Acid yog ntxiv rau cov nplooj ntawv qhuav kom tshem tawm cov impurities seem thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv.
- Cov kauj ruam kawg suav nrog cua sov cov latex los tsim cov khoom tiav uas npaj rau kev siv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag: Yuav ua li cas sau qoob loo cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo roj hmab
- Thaum sau qoob loo yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov roj hmab, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag cov txheej txheem ntuj.
- Cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo muaj ducts uas thauj dej thiab cov as-ham thoob plaws hauv cov nroj tsuag.
- Txiav cov tawv ntoo cuam tshuam cov ducts, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
- Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sau qoob loo, tappers siv lub sijhawm tapping tsis tu ncua thiab tig cov ntoo uas lawv sau los ntawm lub sijhawm kom cov tawv ntoo zoo.
Kev tsim cov roj hmab: Los ntawm Latex rau Khoom
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov roj hmab pib nrog kev sau cov kua mis dawb, los yog latex, los ntawm cov ntoo roj hmab. Qhov no suav nrog kev txiav hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo thiab sau cov kua hauv cov hlab ntsha, txheej txheem hu ua tapping. Tom qab ntawd cov latex tso cai rau ntws thiab sau rau hauv khob, uas tsim nyog muab tso rau hauv grooves lossis strips txiav rau hauv tsob ntoo. Tappers txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv khob raws li qhov ntws ntawm cov latex nce, thiab tshem tawm lawv raws li qhov ntws qis. Hauv cov cheeb tsam loj, cov latex tau tso cai rau coagulate hauv lub khob ntim.
Refining thiab ua Latex rau hauv Roj Hmab
Thaum cov latex tau sau, nws yog refined rau hauv cov roj hmab uas yog npaj rau kev ua lag luam. Kev tsim cov roj hmab muaj ob peb kauj ruam, suav nrog:
- Lim cov latex kom tshem tawm cov impurities
- Ntim cov latex lim rau hauv nruas rau kev thauj mus los
- Kev haus luam yeeb latex nrog acid, uas ua rau nws coagulate thiab tsim clumps
- Dov lub clumped latex kom tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau
- Qhuav lub dov latex kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntxiv
- Pre-vulcanization tshuaj kho kom cov roj hmab ruaj khov
Maj mam cua sov thiab cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag
Kev tsim cov roj hmab kuj muaj cov cua sov maj mam thiab cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm tapping tsob ntoo, uas cuam tshuam cov ducts los ntawm cov latex ntws. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tso cai rau cov latex ntws ntau dua thiab zoo li coagulate ntawm qhov chaw sau. Cov latex yog ces rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, uas cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag lub ntuj nyiam coagulate lub latex. Cov txheej txheem cua sov no hu ua prevulcanization.
Kev ua tiav kawg thiab ntau lawm
Thaum cov latex tau ua tiav thiab ua kom zoo, nws yog npaj rau kev tsim khoom kawg. Cov roj hmab sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv los tsim cov khoom xav tau, xws li elasticity thiab durability. Tom qab ntawd cov roj hmab yog molded rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv, xws li log tsheb, hnab looj tes, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Synthetic Latex: Ib qho kev xaiv yas
Kev tsim cov hluavtaws latex suav nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev sib xyaw ob cov roj av, Styrene thiab Butadiene, ua ke. Qhov sib tov no yog ces rhuab, ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim cov hluavtaws latex. Cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim yog tom qab ntawd txias thiab tsim rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab hom, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Dab tsi yog Qhov Zoo ntawm Synthetic Latex?
Synthetic latex muaj ntau yam zoo dua li ntuj latex, suav nrog:
- Nws feem ntau pheej yig dua li ntuj latex
- Nws yog dav muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam
- Nws yog inherently ntau ruaj thiab muab ib tug zoo ib yam nkaus
- Nws tuav nws cov duab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev
- Nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws xis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kub thiab txias
- Nws feem ntau yog abrasive tsawg dua li ntuj latex
- Nws tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab cov khoom, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua lag luam
Koj yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum xaiv ntawm Natural thiab Synthetic Latex?
Thaum xaiv ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws latex, muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog, suav nrog:
- Koj qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab kev nyiam
- Cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua hom latex
- Qhov zoo thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom
- Lub tuam txhab lossis hom khoom tsim khoom
- Tus nqi koj txaus siab them rau cov khoom
Latex vs Rubber Debate: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
Rubber, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov khoom tiav ua los ntawm ntuj lossis hluavtaws latex. Nws feem ntau yog hais txog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom siv elastic uas muaj cov polymer microparticles hauv cov tshuaj aqueous. Lo lus 'rubber' tuav lub ntsiab lus tseeb dua piv rau 'latex,' uas yog hais txog cov kua dej ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?
Thaum latex thiab roj hmab feem ntau siv sib hloov, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm ob:
- Latex yog cov kua roj hmab, thaum roj hmab yog cov khoom tiav.
- Latex yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thaum cov roj hmab tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis hluavtaws thiab feem ntau yog petrochemical.
- Latex yog elastic heev thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, thaum roj hmab yog me ntsis elastic thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam.
- Latex feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov khoom siv kho mob, thaum cov roj hmab feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev tsim kho.
- Latex muaj qhov tshwj xeeb profile uas ua rau nws haum rau ntau txhiab tus siv txhua hnub, suav nrog kev ua noj, thaum cov roj hmab feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv tshwj xeeb.
- Latex yog zoo heev rau seismic kev pab cuam thiab tuav tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nroog uas raug kub thiab dej, thaum roj hmab yog zoo dua rau khaws cia thiab tuav.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Latex yog dab tsi?
Latex muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig piv rau lwm hom roj hmab, suav nrog:
- Nws yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim uas yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab ruaj khov.
- Nws yog elastic heev thiab resistant rau kub, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv.
- Nws yog waterproof thiab resistant rau ntau yam tshuaj, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau siv nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev kho mob cov khoom.
- Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim thiab tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw sov.
- Nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov neeg muaj kev fab tshuaj, vim nws tsis feem ntau muaj cov khoom sib xws li cov roj hmab hluavtaws.
xaus
Yog li ntawd koj muaj nws - txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog latex. Nws yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim los ua cov khoom siv mis nyuj pom nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo roj hmab. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo rau txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, los ntawm hnab looj tes mus rau hnab looj tes mus rau balloons. Yog li lwm zaus koj tab tom nrhiav cov khoom siv, xav txog latex!
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.
