Sib Nqus: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho rau Sib Nqus Zog thiab Fields

Magnetism yog ib chav kawm ntawm lub cev phenomena uas yog kho los ntawm magnetic teb. Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab lub sijhawm sib nqus ntawm cov khoom hauv theem pib ua rau muaj qhov sib nqus, uas ua rau lwm cov dej ntws thiab lub sijhawm sib nqus.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv raug cuam tshuam rau qee qhov los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, uas muaj lub sijhawm sib nqus tsis tu ncua los ntawm ferromagnetism.

Lub zog ntawm Magnetic Force

Sib nqus quab yuam yog lub zog uas tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw them nqi txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus. Nws yog ib tug quab yuam uas yog perpendicular mus rau qhov tshaj tawm ntawm lub charged particle thiab magnetic teb. Lub zog no tau piav qhia los ntawm Lorentz lub zog sib npaug, uas hais tias lub zog (F) ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqi (q) txav nrog lub nrawm (v) hauv qhov sib nqus (B) yog muab los ntawm kab zauv F = qvBsinθ, qhov twg θ yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm cov nqi thiab cov hlau nplaum.

Yuav ua li cas Magnetic Force cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob tam sim no?

Sib nqus quab yuam yog ze ze rau hluav taws xob tam sim no. Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov hlau, nws tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau. Qhov chaw sib nqus no tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ntawm lwm yam khoom hauv nws lub xub ntiag. Qhov loj thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog yog nyob ntawm lub zog thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb.

Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi cuam tshuam los ntawm Magnetic Force?

Sib nqus quab yuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog:

• Cov khoom sib nqus xws li hlau, hlau, thiab npib tsib xee
• Ua cov khoom siv xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas
• Mobile electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug conductor
• Them cov khoom hauv plasma

Piv txwv ntawm Magnetic Force hauv Action

Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm lub zog sib nqus hauv kev ua haujlwm suav nrog:

• Magnets attracting los yog repelling ib leeg
• Cov ntawv nplaum uas lo rau lub tub yees lossis lub qhov rooj vim lawv haum nrog cov hlau nplaum
• Ib tug pas nrig ntawm hlau raug rub mus rau ib tug muaj zog hlau nplaum
• Ib tug xaim nqa ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no deflected nyob rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb
• Kev txav tsis tu ncua ntawm ib rab koob sib nqus vim lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb

Magnetic Force piav li cas?

Sib nqus quab yuam yog piav qhia siv units ntawm newtons (N) thiab teslas (T). Lub tesla yog chav tsev ntawm lub zog sib nqus, thiab nws txhais tau tias yog lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau nqa tam sim no ntawm ib qho ampere tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus ntawm ib tesla. Lub zog sib nqus ua rau ntawm ib qho khoom sib npaug ntawm qhov khoom ntawm lub zog sib nqus thiab qhov nqi ntawm cov khoom.

Dab tsi ntawm Fields cuam tshuam nrog Magnetic Force?

Sib nqus quab yuam muaj feem xyuam rau electromagnetic teb. Ib qho chaw electromagnetic yog ib hom teb uas yog tsim los ntawm qhov muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab cov tam sim no. Cov hlau nplaum yog ib feem ntawm cov electromagnetic teb, thiab nws yog tsim los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob.

Puas Txhua Yam Khoom Muaj Kev Sib Nqus Sib Nqus?

Tsis yog txhua yam khoom muaj zog sib nqus. Tsuas yog cov khoom uas muaj tus nqi nqa los yog nqa cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav muaj lub zog sib nqus. Cov khoom uas tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab tsis nqa hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav tsis muaj zog sib nqus.

Dab tsi yog Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Lub Zog Sib Nqus thiab Ua Nto?

Thaum ib tug conduction nto yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb, cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub nto yuav muaj ib tug quab yuam vim lub magnetic teb. Qhov kev quab yuam no yuav ua rau cov electrons txav mus los, uas yuav tsim ib qho tam sim no nyob rau saum npoo. Tam sim no yuav, nyob rau hauv lem, tsim ib tug magnetic teb uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog tus thawj magnetic teb, ua rau lub nto muaj ib tug quab yuam.

Dab tsi yog Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Cov Sib Nqus Sib Nqus thiab Qhov Loj ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Ib Yam Khoom?

Lub zog sib nqus ua rau ntawm ib qho khoom yog proportional rau qhov loj ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm qhov khoom. Qhov khoom txav nrawm dua, lub zog sib nqus yuav muaj zog dua.

Lub Fascinating Keeb Kwm ntawm Magnets

• Lo lus "magnet" los ntawm Latin lo lus "magnes," uas yog hais txog ib hom pob zeb tshwj xeeb pom nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv ntawm Mount Ida.
• Cov neeg Suav thaum ub nrhiav pom lodestones, uas yog cov hlau nplaum ntuj ua los ntawm hlau oxide, tshaj 2,000 xyoo dhau los.
• Tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv William Gilbert tau lees paub ua ntej kev soj ntsuam txog cov khoom ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, nrog rau cov muaj nyob ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
• Tus kws tshawb fawb Dutch Christian Oersted tau tshawb pom kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum hauv xyoo 1820.
• Fabkis physicist Andre Ampere nthuav dav ntawm Oersted txoj haujlwm, kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum thiab tsim lub tswv yim ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov

• Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm magnetism, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txaus siab los tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog thiab muaj zog dua.
• Nyob rau xyoo 1930, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Sumitomo tau tsim cov hlau, txhuas, thiab npib tsib xee uas tsim cov hlau nplaum nrog lub zog ntau dua li cov khoom siv yav dhau los.
• Nyob rau xyoo 1980, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Academy of Sciences hauv Moscow tau qhia txog hom hlau nplaum tshiab uas ua los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm neodymium, hlau, thiab boron (NdFeB), uas yog cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.
• Cov hlau nplaum niaj hnub tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum nrog qhov muaj zog txog li 52 mega-Gauss-oersteds (MGOe), uas yog loj heev piv rau 0.5 MGOe tsim los ntawm lodestones.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Magnets hauv Kev Tsim Hluav Taws Xob

• Cov hlau nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cua turbines thiab hydroelectric dams.
• Cov hlau nplaum kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob, uas muaj nyob hauv txhua yam ntawm lub tsheb mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
• Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov hlau nplaum tshwm sim los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov hlau nplaum, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Magnets

• Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho hauv cov hlau nplaum, suav nrog kev siv cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov alloys.
• Cov hlau nplaum neo yog ib hom hlau nplaum tshiab uas muaj zog dua li cov hlau nplaum yav dhau los thiab muaj peev xwm los hloov pauv qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
• Raws li peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov hlau nplaum txuas ntxiv mus, lawv yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis.

Tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb txaus ntshai ntawm Magnetism

Magnetism yog ib yam khoom uas qee yam khoom muaj, uas tso cai rau lawv nyiam los yog tawm tsam lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Cov hom magnetism muaj xws li:

• Diamagnetism: Hom hlau nplaum no muaj nyob hauv txhua yam ntaub ntawv thiab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav ntawm electrons hauv cov khoom. Thaum ib qho khoom raug muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv yuav tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no uas tawm tsam cov hlau nplaum. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog, uas feem ntau tsis pom.

• Paramagnetism: Hom hlau nplaum no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws muaj zog npaum li diamagnetism. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic, lub sij hawm sib nqus ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib haum, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov chaw sib nqus sab nraud. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog txaus nyiam rau cov hlau nplaum.

• Ferromagnetism: Hom hlau nplaum no yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab yog qhov uas tib neeg xav txog thaum lawv hnov ​​lo lus "sib nqus". Cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic muaj zog txaus nyiam cov hlau nplaum thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv cov khoom sib nqus txawm tias tom qab tshem tawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Qhov no yog vim lub sij hawm sib nqus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, ua kom muaj zog sib nqus.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Tom Qab Magnetism

Magnetism yog tsim los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, xws li electrons, hauv cov khoom siv. Cov hlau nplaum uas tsim los ntawm cov nqi no tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov kab sib nqus uas tsim tau ib qho chaw sib nqus. Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus nqi tam sim no thiab qib uas lawv tau ua raws.

Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv nws cov khoom sib nqus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, piv txwv li, lub sij hawm sib nqus ntawm cov molecules yog nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev taw qhia, ua ib tug muaj zog magnetic teb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv diamagnetic, lub sij hawm sib nqus yog randomly oriented, uas ua rau muaj zog repulsion nyhuv.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab Magnetism

Magnetism yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem uas muaj ntau yam kev siv. Qee txoj hauv kev uas siv cov hlau nplaum muaj xws li:

• Cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob: Cov khoom siv no siv cov khoom sib nqus los tsim cov lus tsa suab lossis tsim hluav taws xob.

• Sib Nqus Cia: Sib nqus teb yog siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hard drives thiab lwm hom kev sib nqus cia khoom.

• Kev kho mob imaging: Sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI) siv magnetic teb los tsim cov duab ntxaws ntawm lub cev.

• Sib nqus levitation: Sib nqus teb tuaj yeem siv los levitate cov khoom, uas muaj kev siv hauv kev thauj mus los thiab kev tsim khoom.

Kev nkag siab txog kev sib nqus hlau nplaum kuj tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov engineers uas ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov khoom siv, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom sib nqus tshwj xeeb rau kev siv sib txawv.

Tshawb nrhiav cov teb sib nqus hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb yog txhais nyob rau hauv units ntawm ampere ib 'meter' (A / m). Qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov sib nqus yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntom ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, uas yog cov xov tooj ntawm cov kab hlau nplaum hla dhau ib cheeb tsam. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb yog txhais los ntawm ib tug vector, uas taw tes rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic quab yuam ntawm ib tug zoo nqi txav nyob rau hauv lub teb.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hauv Magnetic Fields

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li tooj liab lossis txhuas, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, ib qho chaw sib nqus yog tsim tawm uas yog perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no ntws. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua txoj cai sab xis, qhov twg tus ntiv tes xoo cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no ntws, thiab cov ntiv tes curl nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom sib nqus

Muaj ob hom khoom sib nqus: ferromagnetic thiab paramagnetic. Cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, xws li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt, muaj cov hlau nplaum muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem sib nqus. Cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic, xws li txhuas thiab platinum, muaj cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim magnetized.

Lub Electromagnet: Ib qho khoom siv muaj zog uas tau tsav los ntawm hluav taws xob

Ib qho electromagnet yog ib hom hlau nplaum uas tsim los ntawm kev khiav hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hlau. Cov hlau feem ntau yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ua los ntawm hlau los yog lwm yam khoom sib nqus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tom qab electromagnet yog tias thaum muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov hlau, nws tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau. Los ntawm qhwv cov hlau rau hauv ib lub kauj, cov hlau nplaum sib nqus tau ntxiv dag zog, thiab cov hlau nplaum uas ua rau muaj zog dua li cov hlau nplaum tas li.

Electromagnets tswj tau li cas?

Lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tswj tau yooj yim los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov nyiaj hluav taws xob uas ntws los ntawm nws. Los ntawm kev nce lossis txo tus nqi tam sim no, cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj zog lossis ntxiv dag zog. Cov ncej ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem thim rov qab los ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntws. Qhov no ua rau electromagnets muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau yam kev siv.

Dab tsi yog qee qhov kev lom zem sim nrog Electromagnets?

Yog tias koj txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb tom qab electromagnets, muaj ntau yam kev lom zem uas koj tuaj yeem sim hauv tsev. Nov yog ob peb lub tswv yim:

• Tsim ib qho yooj yim electromagnet los ntawm wrapping ib tug hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm tus ntsia thawv thiab txuas mus rau lub roj teeb. Saib pes tsawg daim ntawv koj tuaj yeem nqa nrog koj lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
• Tsim ib lub cev muaj zog yooj yim siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub roj teeb. Los ntawm flipping lub polarity ntawm lub roj teeb, koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev muaj zog tig mus rau qhov sib txawv.
• Siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob yooj yim. Los ntawm spinning ib co coil ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug me me hluav taws xob.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, lub neej ntawm electromagnets tshuav nws qhov txiaj ntsig rau qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem tswj tau yooj yim los ntawm hluav taws xob, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom siv thiab kev siv.

Sib Nqus Dipoles: Lub Tsev Blocks ntawm Magnetism

Sib nqus dipoles yog lub hauv paus tsev blocks ntawm hlau nplaum. Lawv yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab muaj cov hlau nplaum me me hu ua electrons. Cov electrons no muaj nyob rau hauv molecules ntawm ib yam khoom thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug magnetic teb. Lub magnetic dipole tsuas yog ib lub voj ntawm tam sim no uas yog tsim los ntawm cov nqi zoo thiab tsis zoo.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Magnetic Dipoles

Sib nqus dipoles ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tebchaw. Lawv feem ntau tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov hlau thiab Circuit Court, thiab lawv lub xub ntiag yog ncaj qha ntsig txog lub zog magnetic teb. Lub zog magnetic teb yog muab los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub voj voog thiab tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Magnetic Dipoles hauv Kev Kho Mob Science

Sib nqus dipoles muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob. Lawv tau siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum me me uas tuaj yeem siv los kuaj xyuas thiab kho ntau yam mob. Kev siv cov hlau nplaum dipoles hauv kev kho mob yog hu ua magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI yog cov txheej txheem kho mob uas muaj suab nrov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas siv cov dipoles sib nqus los tsim cov duab hauv lub cev.

xaus

Yog li, magnetic txhais tau tias ib yam dab tsi uas attracts los yog repels ib tug hlau nplaum. Nws yog lub zog uas cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws los tuav cov khoom ntawm lub tub yees lossis ua ib qho taw qhia rau sab qaum teb. Yog li, tsis txhob ntshai siv nws! Nws tsis nyuaj li nws zoo li. Cia li nco ntsoov cov cai thiab koj yuav zoo.

Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.