Koj puas tau xav paub dab tsi ua rau koj nyiam tswm ciab nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab ci tiav? Los yog yuav ua li cas koj nyiam lipstick nyob twj ywm txhua hnub? Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom xyaw: siv quav ciab. Wax yog ntau yam khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj xws li nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, thiab nws tau siv ntau yam kev lag luam.
Waxes feem ntau yog khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab muaj ib tug siab melting point. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom sib txawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua ib yam dab tsi ntau dua thiab du, nrog rau ua kom ci. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom, suav nrog tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom noj, thiab tswm ciab.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog ntau hom wax thiab lawv siv, los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce rau zaub mov mus rau kos duab. Koj yuav kawm txog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm beeswax, versatility ntawm soy wax, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm carnauba ciab. Yog li, cia peb dhia mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj ntawm cov quav ciab thiab nrhiav pom dab tsi ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev.
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
Wax: Cov khoom nplaum uas ntim cov Punch
Wax yog hais txog ntau pawg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas yog lipophilic, malleable solids nyob ze ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lawv suav nrog cov alkanes siab dua thiab lipids, feem ntau nrog cov ntsiab lus melting saum toj li 40 ° C, yaj kom muab cov kua viscosity tsawg. Wax yog ib hom khoom uas muaj concentrated thiab muaj zog, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhib los mos uas yuav nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm nrog.
Hom Wax
Muaj ntau hom wax, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej sib xws thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm wax muaj xws li:
- Pure Wax: Hom siv quav ciab no yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntshiab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv lossis tshuaj.
- Black Wax: Hom kab no yog tsim los ntawm nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag cannabis thiab paub txog nws lub zog siab.
- Dab Wax: Hom siv quav ciab no yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem hu ua extraction, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom cog kom ua rau cov roj crystallize. Cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim yog cov khoom gooey uas nyuaj dua li cov ciab ntshiab tab sis softer dua li crumble wax.
Kev Ua Txhaum Cai
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua wax tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom wax raug tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev dav dav suav nrog kev rho tawm cov tebchaw los ntawm cov khoom cog thiab tom qab ntawd purging qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kuab tshuaj residual. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov khoom siv muaj zog heev uas zoo rau cov neeg siv uas xav tau kev paub sai thiab muaj zog heev.
Kev tswj hwm thiab muaj peev xwm
Cov koom haum tub ceev xwm tau tshaj tawm tias cov qauv ntawm cov quav ciab muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm 70-90% THC, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cannabis muaj. Qhov concentration ntawm THC hauv wax tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom siv quav ciab raug tsim, nrog qee hom muaj ntau npaum li 99% THC.
Zaj Dab Neeg Txaus Ntshai Kawg Li Cas Los Ua Tau
Waxes tau siv los ntawm tib neeg rau ntau pua xyoo, tab sis lawv tuaj qhov twg? Nov yog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm yuav ua li cas natural waxes tuaj ua:
- Nroj tsuag: Ntuj waxes tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li taum pauv, xibtes ntoo, thiab jojoba. Cov waxes no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov noob, nplooj, los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries, xws li tshuaj pleev ib ce, tswm ciab, thiab zaub mov.
- Tsiaj txhu: Lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov waxes ntuj yog tsiaj. Beeswax, piv txwv li, yog tsim los ntawm honeybees los tsim lawv hives. Lanolin, ib yam khoom zoo li siv quav ciab, yog muab los ntawm cov yaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom tu tawv nqaij.
Los ntawm Petroleum mus rau Synthetics: Keeb Kwm ntawm Synthetic Waxes
Thaum cov waxes ntuj tau nyob ib puag ncig rau ntau pua xyoo, cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog ib qho kev tsim tshiab. Nov yog qhov lawv tau los ua:
- Petroleum: Synthetic waxes yog muab los ntawm roj av, fossil fuels. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li refining cov roj crude los tsim ntau hom waxes nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev.
- Synthetics: Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv roj av, cov khoom siv hluavtaws kuj tuaj yeem ua khoom siv. Cov waxes no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov tshuaj sib txawv los tsim cov khoom zoo li cov quav ciab.
Waxing: Niaj hnub nimno siv Waxes
Niaj hnub no, waxes yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, xws li tshuaj pleev ib ce, tswm ciab, thiab zaub mov. Ib qho kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm wax yog nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov plaub hau. Waxing yuav tsum siv cov ntaub qhwv kub rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm, nrog rau cov plaub hau, kom tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij du thiab tsis muaj plaub hau. Waxing tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ob qho tib si ntuj thiab hluavtaws waxes, thiab txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej txheej ntawm lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv.
Wax Chemistry: Cov Molecules Complex uas ua haujlwm yooj yim
Waxes yog ib hom lipid uas muaj cov roj ntsha ntev ntev uas txuas nrog cov dej cawv ntev ntev. Cov cawv tuaj yeem muaj nyob qhov twg los ntawm 12 txog 32 carbon atoms, thiab fatty acid tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntawm aliphatic (ncaj-chain) lossis txawm tias cyclic (lub nplhaib-shaped) qauv. Cov degree ntawm saturation ntawm fatty acid kuj txawv, nrog rau qee cov waxes uas tsuas muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms (saturated), thaum lwm tus muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus (unsaturated).
Waxes nyob rau hauv Xwm
Waxes muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv roj ntsha hauv qhov xwm txheej, nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua lub npog nyias, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dej thiab lwm yam hauv ib puag ncig. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm waxes pom hauv qhov muaj xws li:
- Beeswax, tsim los ntawm muv los tsim lawv cov honeycombs
- Carnauba ciab, tsim los ntawm nplooj ntawm carnauba xibtes ntoo
- Lanolin, tsim los ntawm cov qog sebaceous ntawm yaj thiab siv hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom tu tawv nqaij
- Cutin, ib tug waxy polymer pom nyob rau hauv lub cuticle ntawm cov nroj tsuag nplooj thiab stems
Chemical Properties of Waxes
Cov waxes feem ntau yog khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab muaj lub siab melting point, uas tso cai rau lawv los ua ib tug cia khoom rau lub zog thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb Cheebtsam. Qhov tseeb melting point ntawm ib wax nyob ntawm nws cov qauv tshuaj, nrog ntev chains thiab ntau saturated bonds ua rau cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua. Waxes kuj feem ntau hydrophobic, txhais tau tias lawv tsis yaj hauv dej.
Kev Siv Khoom Siv Khoom Siv
Waxes muaj ntau yam kev lag luam siv, suav nrog:
- tswm ciab ua, qhov twg waxes xws li beeswax los yog paraffin yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb
- Kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus, qhov twg waxes yog siv los ua cov txheej los yog cov khoom khaws cia rau qee yam khoom noj
- Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom tu tus kheej, qhov twg siv cov waxes los ua tus neeg sawv cev thickening los yog muab kev tiv thaiv rau daim tawv nqaij
- Polishes thiab coatings, qhov twg waxes yog siv los muab ib txheej tiv thaiv los yog ci rau saum npoo xws li hauv pem teb, tsheb, thiab rooj tog
- Daim ntawv thiab luam ntawv, qhov twg waxes siv los tswj tus cwj mem nqus thiab txhim kho kev luam ntawv zoo
Cov khoom siv hauv cov roj thiab roj
Waxes kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov thee thiab roj av deposits, uas lawv feem ntau hu ua "dub waxes" vim lawv cov xim. Cov waxes no feem ntau yog cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov molecules thiab tsis to taub zoo li cov waxes ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom pib rau ntau yam khoom, suav nrog cov roj nplua nyeem, yas, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Kev siv ntau ntawm Wax: Ntau tshaj li kev tiv thaiv txheej
Wax feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tiav thiab tsho tiv no, los ntawm tsheb waxes rau tawv tiav. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm dej thiab lwm yam khoom. Wax kuj tseem muaj cov khoom sib txuas uas muab cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv, xws li kev tiv thaiv UV lossis cov khoom tiv thaiv fouling. Qee qhov kev siv siv quav ciab hauv kev ua tiav thiab txheej txheej muaj xws li:
- Nruab nrab los tsim kev cai tiav
- Kaw tiav rau ntoo thiab tawv
- Water-repellent finishes rau cov khoom sab nraum zoov
- Hard finishes rau pem teb thiab rooj tog
- Unique finishes rau art thiab crafts
Wax nyob rau hauv Manufacturing
Wax kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yog feem ntau siv los ua pwm tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev, nrog rau hauv kev tsim cov nplaum, inks, thiab xim. Qee qhov kev siv wax hauv kev tsim khoom suav nrog:
- Lub tsev pwm rau casting hlau qhov chaw
- Tsim kev cai nplaum rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb
- Tsim lub hauv paus rau cov xim thiab inks
- Tswj cov degree ntawm hardness nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Ciab hauv zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom
Wax tsis yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam daim ntaub ntawv- nws kuj muaj feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom siv niaj hnub. Qee hom siv quav ciab txawm suav hais tias yog ib qho khoom noj txom ncauj, thiab tuaj yeem kim heev. Qee qhov kev siv wax hauv cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom muaj xws li:
- Txheej txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub kom ntev lawv lub neej txee
- Tsim txheej txheej ntawm qee hom cheese
- Tsim ib lub plhaub tawv ntawm cov khoom qab zib thiab chocolates
- Muab cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsiav
Ntuj vs. Synthetic Wax
Wax tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntuj tsim, suav nrog cov thee, nplej, thiab txawm tias liab xibtes roj. Synthetic waxes kuj muaj, thiab feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Hom siv quav ciab yog nyob ntawm qhov ua haujlwm nws tau npaj los ua haujlwm, nrog rau qib kev tswj hwm uas yuav tsum tau ua rau nws cov khoom. Qee qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws muaj xws li:
- Natural wax feem ntau xav tias yuav ua rau ib puag ncig zoo dua
- Synthetic wax tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam hauv nws cov khoom
- Ntuj wax yuav tsis muaj cov saw loj ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws
xaus
Yog li, qhov ntawd yog dab tsi siv quav ciab - ib yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis tsiaj txhu uas siv los tiv thaiv thiab txhuam qhov chaw. Nws tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo rau ntau lub hom phiaj, los ntawm tswm ciab mus rau tshuaj pleev ib ce rau zaub mov.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem mus yuam kev nrog me ntsis waxing tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd!
Kuv yog Joost Nusselder, tus tsim ntawm Tools Doctor, cov ntsiab lus lag luam, thiab txiv. Kuv nyiam sim cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab ua ke nrog kuv pab neeg kuv tau tsim cov ntawv blog tob txij li xyoo 2016 los pab cov neeg nyeem siab ncaj nrog cov cuab yeej & cov lus qhia ua khoom siv.
