Plumb Bob Yabwino Kwambiri | Pamwamba pa Ciao

Kodi makedzana akale samakusangalatsani mukadabwa kuti anthu amenewo adamanga bwanji zomangamanga? Atha kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera kuti apeze zinthu zopanda cholakwika, koma nanga bwanji zowongoka? Momwe padziko lapansi adapangira zomangamanga zazikulu ngati milatho yokhala ndi mizati yolunjika, kaya ndi yamatabwa kapena yazinthu zilizonse?

Yankho lagona mu chida chophweka chakale, plumb bob. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachilengedwe, chida chodziwika bwino ichi koma chopatsa chidwi chimakupatsirani chingwe chowonekera kwambiri kuti chikuthandizireni ndi chinthu chilichonse chokwezeka. Mutha kuganiza kuti mmisiri wa matabwa, womanga, wopanga zomangamanga kapena waluso ndi amene ayenera kukhala ndi chida, koma ngakhale mutakhala munthu wamba, sizingakupweteketseni kuti mukhale ndi luso labwino kwambiri m'manja mwanu.

Plumb Bob kugula kalozera

Bomba lamphamvu limapereka mawonekedwe ofananako monga chingwe choko amapereka mnzake yopingasa. Kaya mukudziwa kapena mulibe malingaliro aliwonse okhudzana ndi ma plumb bobs, nkhani yotsatirayi ikuthandizani kudziwa zomwe muyenera kukumbukira musanagule chida ichi.

Type

Mpaka pano, tili ndi mitundu iwiri ya ziphuphu, imodzi ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe womwe umabwera ndi chingwe ndi bob, ndipo inayo ndi mtundu wa laser. Ngakhale zida zamtundu wazikhalidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale, mawonekedwe ake sanasinthe. Ntchito zina zowonjezera monga cholimbitsa chingwe, maginito ophatikizira amapatsidwa zida masiku ano.

Laser imodzi idalitsidwa ndi mwayi wasayansi popeza imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kokha ndikukupatsani zotsatira zolondola pa mzere wolunjika.

Kunenepa

Mutha kuganiza kuti kulemera kwa bob kulibe kanthu, koma sizolondola. Kulemera kwa bob ndikobwino. Popeza bob amafunika kukhazikika atapachikidwa kuti atenge miyezo, cholemera cholemera chimapumira mwachangu kuposa zolemera zopepuka. Ngakhale mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bob wofatsa ngati mukuyezera zazitali, muyenera kukhala wolemera kwambiri kuti muyese zinthu zazikulu.

zipangizo

Osangokhala bob iyenera kukhala yolemetsa, komanso yocheperako. Chifukwa kulondola, kuthamanga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ndi gawo lofunikira pa chida chilichonse. Ngakhale maobelo akale kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi miyala, bronze, ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera kumafupa ndi minyanga ya njovu, mkuwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.

Nthawi zambiri mkuwa wa bob umakhala ndi nsonga yachitsulo pomwe maginito amathandizira bob kuti agwirizane ndi pakati pa dziko lapansi.

mawonekedwe

Mawonekedwe a bob amafunika kukhala ofanana ngati ulusi womwe umayenera kulumikizidwa ndi olumikizana ndi bob ndipo uyenera kukhala ndi nsonga yosongoka molondola. Ma bob ali ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu ya mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe achilengedwe, mawonekedwe a geometric, ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika.

Mawonekedwe achilengedwe amaphatikizapo mawonekedwe azipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosongoka. Mawonekedwe ake amaphatikizira mawonekedwe azinthu zazing'ono, zonenepa ndi zozungulira. Ndipo ma bobs ofotokozedwanso ndi ma bobs osongoka omwe amakhala okongoletsa kwambiri pakuphatikiza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana palimodzi.

Zaka zambiri

Monga chida chimakhala bob yokha, mutha kunena kuti kutalika kwa chidacho kumadalira pazinthuzo. Mwachitsanzo, bob ikapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo, imatha kuchita dzimbiri ndikuwonongeka msanga kuposa ena. Zingwe zoperekedwa nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi thonje ndi nayiloni, pakati pa ziwirizi, ulusi wa nayiloni ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo suumiririka ngati ulusi wa thonje, kuwonetsetsa kuti utali wautali.

Zinthu Zachitetezo

Zina mwazida zimakhala ndi chitetezo kuti ziteteze bob kapena chida chonse. Monga ma bob ena ali ndi zida zilizonse za elastomer. Zipangizo za Elastomer ndizinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotanuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake mukayesa kusintha mawonekedwe ake, pamapeto pake adzabwerera momwe analili kale. Wokutidwa nayo, zimapangitsa bob kukhala otetezeka.

Pofuna kusamalira kuwongola kwa nsonga za bobs, zisoti zimaperekedwa nthawi zina. Zida zina zimabwera ndi chikwama choteteza kuti chitetezedwe komanso kuti zisungidwe.

chitsimikizo

Ngakhale opanga ambiri amapereka zitsimikizo ndi zinthu zawo, ena alibe ntchito. Simukufuna kugula malonda ngati ali ndi zolakwika, sichoncho? Ngakhale mutakhala ndi chinthu cholakwika, kampani yomwe ikupatsani chitsimikizo isintha kapena kukonza zolakwika zaulere munthawi yakuzindikira.

Bob Plumb Yabwino Kwambiri kuwunikiridwa

Kufufuza mndandanda waukulu kuti mupeze chida choyenera kuwonjezera bokosi lazida zamagetsi ndi nkhani yowononga nthawi. Tasankha mitundu yabwino mpaka pano pamene tikusamalira nthawi yanu yamtengo wapatali. Ikhoza kukuthandizani kupeza bob yabwino yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna.

1. Zida Zambiri Plumb Bob

Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Chida Chachikulu Chopanga chimakupatsirani mitundu yachikhalidwe cha ziphuphu. Mutha kusankha pamiyeso isanu yosiyana yokhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana ndi mawonekedwe, mkuwa wozungulira ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza cha nickel. Kulemera kwambiri komwe amapereka ndi ma ola 5 ndipo kulemera kwambiri ndi ma ola 32. Mitengo yawo imasiyana ndi zolemera zawo, momwe bob imalemerera, ndiyokwera mtengo.

Ngakhale bob wozungulira wamkuwa amapangidwa ndi mkuwa, imakhala ndi chitsulo cholimba chosinthira cholondola. Mosiyana ndi iyi, bob wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri ndizopangidwa mwazitsulo komanso wokutidwa ndi faifi tambala ndipo thupi lake lonse lazitsulo limathandizira kulondola.

Chida ichi chimaphatikizapo maupangiri owonjezera ndi chingwe chochepa choluka cha 3mm cha kutalika kwa mapazi 10. Komanso, kuti musinthe komanso kuti musinthe chingwe, bob ili ndi chipewa chosunthira. Kutalika kwa ma bobs kumasiyana mainchesi 3 mpaka 8 ndi mulifupi osapitilira mainchesi awiri kutengera kukula kwawo.

Zinthu Zoipa

Ulusi wopyapyala umatha kupindika ndikugawana mosavuta. Ndipo kuyika chingwe kumafuna ntchito yambiri. Ngakhale amakhala okhwima, amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

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2. Tajima Plumb-Rite Plumb Bob

Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Pamodzi ndi bolodi yazitsulo wokwana 14-ounce, iyi imakhala ndi chofukizira cha pulasitiki. Chofukizacho chimakhala chokwanira ndipo chimakwanira bwino mdzanja lanu, kuphatikiza pa mwayi wama eyelet omwe amathandizira kuyika pamisomali kapena ma Stud mukamagwira ntchito.

Kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chili, bob plumb wa Tajima Plite-Rite wokutidwa ndi nsalu ya elastomer, yomwe imatha kupezanso mawonekedwe ake atalandira mphamvu iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, nsonga yakuda imaperekedwa kuti iteteze nsonga ya bob kuti isatayike. Pokhala maginito opangira zodziwikiratu, ulusi wake umatha kuyimilira mkati mwa masekondi 6 ndi kapu yake yolimbitsa mwachangu.

Ulusi wautali wamapazi 14.5 umaperekedwa ndi zida zamagetsi ndipo kulemera kwathunthu kwa setiyo sikuchepera mapaundi awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chogulitsidwacho chitha kukwana m'malo ovuta, kukuthandizani kuti musakhale omangika pankhani yoyika setter.

Zinthu Zoipa

Chida ichi sichimabwera ndi chinthu chilichonse chosinthika, chifukwa chikakhala cholakwika, muyenera kugula china. Palibe chidziwitso cha chitsimikizo chomwe chimaperekedwa pazogulitsazi.

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3. Chida cha Swanson Brass Plumb Bob

Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Swanson Tool Co., Inc imakupatsirani njira yosavuta kwambiri yazolowera 8 yomwe imapangidwa ndi mkuwa wolimba. Ngakhale bob ndi mkuwa wolimba, nsonga yake imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba chomwe chitha kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndikusinthidwa ndi chinsalu chatsopano.

Chipewa chochotsedwacho chimaperekedwa ndi chida chosinthira ndikusintha ulusi womwe waphatikizidwa nawo. Ulusi wamtundu wa lalanje woperekedwa ndi wautali pafupifupi mapazi makumi awiri, womwe ndi kutalika kwakutali kuyerekeza ndi ena omwe ali pamndandandawu. Ndipo mbali ina ya chingwecho, ndowe yachitsulo imaperekedwa kuti ithandizire bob kuyika misomali kapena zikhomo ndipo mutha kulukanso chingwe kumapeto kwake.

Wopanga amalola kuti azigulitsa kwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera tsiku logula. Mutha kusintha kapena kukonza chinthucho ngati mutapeza chinthu cholakwika. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda othandizira awa ndi amodzi mwamitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri yomwe mungapeze kulikonse.

Zinthu Zoipa

Mbali yoyipa ya bob yooneka ngati kondomu ndi, imatha kutsetsereka ndikugwa kuchokera kutalika. Palibe chitetezo chilichonse choteteza nsonga kapena chinsonga chowonjezera chomwe chingasinthidwe.

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4. AWF PRO Plumb Bob Kit

Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Mosiyana ndi enanso omwe ali pandandandawu, wopanga uyu amakupatsirani ma bob awiri opepuka okhala ndi zolemera zosiyana, imodzi ndi ma ola 8 ndipo inayo ndi ma ola 16. Zonsezi ndizopangidwa ndi mkuwa wolimba ndipo nsonga ya bob iliyonse imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba. Maupangiri azitsulo 4 amaperekedwa ndipo onse atha kukwanira bobs onsewo.

Iliyonse ya bobs imapatsidwa kapu yofanana yomwe imasinthidwa. Chingwe cha nayiloni choluka mamita 14 chimaperekedwa limodzi ndi mapensulo awiri a akalipentala ndi cholembera cha pensulo. Ndipo zinthu zonsezi zimabwera ndi chida chodzitetezera!

Chingwe chobwezeretsanso chimamangiriridwa kumapeto ena a ulusi womwe uli ndi maginito apadziko lapansi osalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo ndi hanger kuti apachike chokulungira pachikopa kapena msomali. Reel imagwiranso ntchito ngati chida chogwirira. Ndipo kulemera kwathunthu kwa chida ndizoposa mapaundi awiri. Chowonjezera chokhazikika chimathandizira kutchinga chingwe mulingo uliwonse.

Zinthu Zoipa

Maginito apadziko lapansi ndi ofowoka, kotero ngati atagwa, simungathe kuyikapo ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo. Komanso, palibe chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi izi.

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5.Bokosi la A-T-Magnetic Damping Laser Plumb Bob

Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Bob wathu waposachedwa kwambiri amabwera ndi thupi lolimba lamkuwa ndi kuyatsa kochititsa chidwi kwa laser. Laser imagwira ntchito ngati ulusi wazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe. Kusakhala ndi ulusi kumatanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chodandaula zogawa. Simusowa kudikirira kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa ulusi ukugwedezeka chifukwa kuwala kwa laser kumakhalabe kowongoka ngakhale pamalo amphepo.

Mutha yesani chilichonse, paliponse, ngakhale denga lokwera komanso osasokoneza mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa simuyenera kuyika misomali kapena chilichonse kuti muyike zingwe. Chida chachikulu chimabwera ndi bob ya mkuwa yolumikizidwa pamunsi, bob ndi pomwe kuwala kwa laser kumapangidwa ndikuwala kumawongoka mpaka chilichonse chitatseka.

Kulemera kwa chida ichi kuli mozungulira mapaundi awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa chidutswa cha keke kunyamula mozungulira. Kutalika kwa bobi la Rack-A-Tiers kuli pafupifupi mainchesi 2 ndipo pafupifupi mainchesi atatu mainchesi m'mimba mwake kumapangitsa kukhala kocheperako ndipo mutha kuyika izo mkati mwa thumba lapulasitiki lolimba lomwe limasungidwa mosavuta.

Zinthu Zoipa

Laser bob ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ena pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito batri, chifukwa chake muyenera kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Ndipo chitsimikizo pa chida sichinaperekedwe.

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Kodi Plumb Bob ndi chiyani?

Ngati simukudziwa kuti bob plumb ndi chiyani, kapena mukudziwa pang'ono, tiyeni tidziwe chida ichi ndi chiyani. Mawu oti "plumb" amatanthauza chinthu chomwe chimafanana ndendende ndi dziko lapansi. Ndipo 'bob' amatanthauza kulemera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyesera kwamtundu uliwonse. Kotero, palimodzi, mawu oti 'plumb bob' amatanthauza chida chomwe chimapezera mzere wowongoka kapena mzere wolumikizira kuti mupeze nadir, malangizowo adaloza pansipa pamutu wapamwamba.

Simufunikanso kukhala sayansi yaukadaulo kuti mumvetsetse kuti mphamvu yokoka ya chinthu imagwirizana ndi pakati pa dziko lapansi, chifukwa chake, mzerewo umakhala wolunjika kumtunda. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yopezera zomwe mukufuna mzere wa plumb mothandizidwa ndi chimodzi mwazida zosavuta nthawi zonse.

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Bob Plumb: Buku Lopangira Gawo

Plumb bob ndi chimodzi mwa zida zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Osadandaula ngati simukudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito imodzi. Masitepe angapo otsatirawa angakuthandizeni kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chida chachikhalidwe ngati pro:

1. Meya mainchesi angapo kuchokera pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe mukufuna kuyeza, chomwe chingakhale khoma, chitseko kapena china chilichonse chowonekera.
2. Chongani mfundo zoyezedwa.
3. Ikani msomali pakati pa chizindikirocho.
4. Mangani kumapeto kwina kwa bob yanu pachikhomocho pogwiritsa ntchito ndowe yomwe yaperekedwa. Chingwecho chimangoyandama kwamasekondi pang'ono ndikusiya kuyimilira.
5. Chongani malo pansi pamunsi pa nsonga ya bob ndi kuyeza mtunda kuchokera pazomwe mukuyesa.
6.  Ngati muyeso wapansi ukugwirizana ndi muyeso wapamwamba wapitawo, ndiye zikomo! Makoma anu, zitseko zake ndizowona bwino.

Pogwiritsa ntchito laser, masitepewa sangakuthandizeni 100%, pali kusiyana pang'ono. Muyenera kuyika laser bob pansi pamiyeso yoyamba ndi muyeso wachiwiri pamwambapa.

FAQs

Nawa mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi mayankho ake.

Kodi bob plumb amatani?

Chowongolera chingwe, kapena chingwe chowongolera, chimakhala cholemera, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chala chakuthwa pansi, choyimitsidwa pachingwe ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe chowongolera. Ndichowonetseratu kukula kwa mizimu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa datum wowonekera.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito liti bob?

Bokosi lamtengo wapatali limathandiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa khoma pakumanga kapena pakhomo polumikizira chitseko. Mulingo wamzimu nawonso umakwaniritsa ntchitozi, koma ntchito zina zimachitika mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito chidacho.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito chiyani m'malo moyerekeza?

ambiri choko mizere atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma plumb-bobs chifukwa amamangirira chingwe. Ena amakhala ndi chochongoka pansi kuti kuyika chizindikiro kukhale kosavuta.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji pali dzenje kunsonga ya bob wambiri?

Kulemera. Kulemera kapena "bob" ndi gawo la plumb-bob yomwe imayimitsidwa ndi chingwe. Kulemera kwake kumakhala kofanana moyenera, ndipo kumakhala ndi mathero osanjikiza molondola. Pamapeto pake pali chingwe choti chingwecho chizidyetsedwa ndikumangidwa.

Kodi mumayika bwanji bob plumb?

Kuti mulumikizire chingwecho ku bob owongoka, ulusiwo kudzera pa dzenje lakatikati mpaka utalowera m'mitsinje. Pogwiritsa ntchito pini kapena chotokosera mmano, tulutsani chingwecho kuchokera mumsewu umodzi ndikugwira nsonga ya chingwe pafupi ndi lawi mpaka babu yaying'ono itasungunuka.

Kodi mumapanga bwanji mzere wolunjika?

Kuti mupange chingwe chowongolera, pukutani chingwe ndi choko chachikuda ndikuchikweza pamwamba pakhoma. Kenako ikani chingwe chowongolera (kapena cholemera china) kumapeto. Pogwira bob pomwe imagwera mwachilengedwe, kokerani chingwecho. Kenako ikokeni ndi kuisiya, ikukhomera kukhoma.

Kodi bob wopangira amapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Pachikhalidwe, ma plumb-bobs amapangidwa ndi miyala, mtengo wolimba, mtovu, kapena bronze. Mitundu ina, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwira zokongoletsera zokha, idapangidwa kuchokera kumafupa kapena minyanga ya njovu.

Kodi bob plumb amayeza bwanji mawonekedwe?

Kulemera kwake kudzakhala pansi pa mphamvu yokoka ndikupereka mzere wolunjika womwe umatchedwa chingwe chowongolera. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kapena kuwongolera mzere wowoneka bwino wazazinthu makamaka m'nyumba monga kukweza shaft. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mawonekedwe, makoma, ndi mizati.

Kodi bob plumb mu Sims ndi chiyani?

Plumbob (yomwe nthawi zina imalembedwa mosiyana - onani m'munsimu) ndi kristalo wobiriwira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitu yambiri ya The Sims mndandanda (kuphatikiza mndandanda wa MySims) kuti adziwe munthu yemwe wasankhidwa komanso yemwe wosewerayo angapereke malamulo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwonetsa momwe Sims amasewera.

Kodi mumapanga bwanji bob plumb pa lathe?

Kodi njira yolumikiza ndi chiyani?

Kujambula mzere pamzere wolumphira kumatithandiza kuona mzere wolunjika pakati pa cholembapo ndi pakati pa dziko lapansi. … Ichi ndichifukwa chake timapachika mawonekedwe kwinakwake ndikukoka mzere wina pamzere wolunjika. Kudutsa kwa mizere iwiri yolumulirayo ndiye mphamvu ya mphamvu yokoka.

Kodi mzere waumboni ndi chiyani?

Mzere wokhazikika pambuyo pake ndi mzere wolunjika wolingalira kuchokera pamwamba pamutu mpaka pansi. Kukhazikika bwino kumatanthauza kuti makutu athu, mapewa, chiuno, mawondo ndi akakolo amakhala motsatira mzerewu. … Komabe, tifunika kuyang'anitsitsa zolakwika zazikulu kuchokera pamzere wolondola monga: Cervical lordosis (kutsogolo kwa mutu)

Q: Chifukwa chiyani sindingagwiritse ntchito bob yomwe ilibe nsonga yosongoka?

Yankho: Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bob yomwe ilibe nsonga yosongoka, koma vuto ndilolondola. Simungapeze malo enieni a bob ngati nsonga sinatchulidwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kupewa chinthu chosaloza.

Q: Ndingasinthe bwanji chingwecho?

Yankho: Bob aliyense amakhala ndi chipewa chomwe chomangiracho. Choyamba, muyenera kumasula chingwe kuchokera pa kapu, kenako kumasula mbali inayo kuchokera pachikopa kapena chofukizira. Tengani chingwe chatsopano ndikumangiriza malekezero onse ndi kapu ndi ndowe.

Q: Kodi mabatire amafunika kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bobulo?

Yankho: Simukusowa batri kapena mphamvu ina kuti mugwiritse ntchito bob, imakuthandizani mwachilengedwe. Koma ma laser amafunikira mabatire kuti apange mtanda wa laser.

Q: Kodi bobulo wangwiro angagwire ntchito pa ndege kuti adziwe kutalika kwake?

Yankho: Yankho ndi ayi. Kukhazikitsa bata kumakhala kovuta makamaka ikakhala pa ndege. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolakwika pakuwuluka molondola.

Kutsiliza

Mukatha kuwunikiranso zomwe zagulidwazo ndikugula gawo lowongolera, simuyenera kukhala ndi vuto kuti mupeze chida chomwe ndichabwino kwambiri kwa inu ngakhale mutakhala a noob kapena pro za malonda.

Koma ngati mukusowa zomwe mukufuna kugula, ndiye kuti tikulangiza Tajima Plumb-Rite plumb bob. Chida ichi chimabwera ndi maubwino azinthu za elastomer, chofukizira, komanso chokhazikika chokhazikika. Simudzanong'oneza bondo pogula iyi ngati ndikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chidacho nthawi zambiri.

Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri sikovuta kwa inu, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita ku Rack-A-Tiers magnetic damping plumb bob chifukwa ndizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mutha kuyeza chilichonse. Koma ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chidacho nthawi zina, mugule Swanson Tool bronze plumb bob chifukwa chimapereka zotsatira zofananira pamtengo wotsika mtengo.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.