Konkire: Chitsogozo Chokwanira cha Mbiri, Mitundu, ndi Kupanga

Konkire ndi chinthu chophatikizika chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi madzi, aggregate, ndi simenti. Nthawi zambiri, zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera (monga rebar) zimaphatikizidwa muzosakaniza kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zakuthupi zomwe zamalizidwa. Zinthuzi zikasakanizidwa, zimapanga madzi ochuluka omwe amapangidwa mosavuta.

M'nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza mbiri ya konkriti, kapangidwe kake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Konkire: Chinthu Chodabwitsa Chomwe Chimapanga Dziko Lathu

Konkire ndi chinthu chophatikizika chopangidwa ndi zinthu zabwino komanso zolimba zomangika pamodzi ndi simenti yamadzimadzi yomwe imauma pakapita nthawi. Amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza madzi, simenti, ndi zophatikizika monga mchenga, miyala, kapena miyala yophwanyidwa. Ubwino wa konkire umatengera mtundu wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yosakanikirana, komanso mawonekedwe omwe aperekedwa.

Kodi Konkire Amapangidwa Bwanji?

Konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kudalirika. Amapangidwa mwa kusakaniza simenti, madzi, ndi zophatikizira mu fakitale kapena pamalopo. Kupanga kumafuna kulamulira kolimba pazigawo ndi kusakaniza ndondomeko kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ndizofunikira komanso mphamvu ya mankhwala omaliza.

Kodi Mitundu Ya Konkriti Ndi Chiyani?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya konkriti yomwe ilipo, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake komanso ntchito zake. Zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya konkriti ndi izi:

• Konkire ya precast: Konkire yamtunduwu imapangidwa mufakitale ndikuperekedwa kumalo omangako mumagulu kapena mawonekedwe apadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'masonry ndi ma precast.

• Konkire wamba: Uwu ndiye mtundu wa konkriti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Zimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza simenti, madzi, ndi ma aggregates pamalopo.

• Konkire yamadzimadzi: Konkire yamtundu uwu imakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo imatha kusakanikirana mosavuta ndikutsanuliridwa mumipata yothina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga mlatho.

Kodi Zofunika Zotani pa Konkire?

Zomwe zimafunikira popanga konkriti ndi izi:

• Simenti: Chomangira chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zosakaniza.

• Madzi: Madzi omwe amayendetsa simenti ndikuyamba kuchitapo kanthu.

• Zophatikiza zabwino komanso zowoneka bwino: Zida zomwe zimapereka misa ndi mphamvu pakusakaniza.

• Zosakaniza: Zofunikira kuwongolera konkriti wosakanikirana.

Kodi Konkire Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Motani Pomanga?

Konkriti imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomangamanga zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• Milatho: Konkire nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga milatho chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake.

• Zomangamanga: Konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba chifukwa chotha kupirira katundu wolemera komanso nyengo yoipa.

• Mipando: Konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zokhazikika komanso zokhalitsa zamisewu, misewu, ndi malo oimika magalimoto.

• Zomangamanga: Konkire imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopanga monga madamu ndi makoma osungira.

Kusintha kwa Konkriti: Kuyambira Kale Mpaka Masiku Ano

• Patapita nthawi, njira yopangira konkire inayamba kusintha, ndi zowonjezera zatsopano ndi mapangidwe apadera akuphatikizidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yake.
• M’zaka za m’ma 19, a Joseph Aspdin anapanga simenti ya ku Portland, yotchedwa Portland, yomwe inatchedwa dzina la miyala yomangira yabwino kwambiri yomwe inkakumbidwa ku Portland, ku England.
• Simentiyi inkapangidwa powotcha choko ndi dongo losalidwa bwino mpaka mpweya woipawo utachotsedwa.
• Kenako, zinthuzo ankazipera n’kukhala ufa wosalala n’kuzisakaniza ndi madzi n’kupanga phala limene likanagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
• Masiku ano, konkire nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pophatikiza zinthu zolimba komanso zabwino, monga miyala ndi mchenga, ndi simenti ndi madzi.
• Kusakaniza kwapadera kwa zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira mphamvu zomwe zimafunidwa ndi ntchito ya konkire.

Kufunika Kwa Konkire Pakumanga Kwamakono

• Konkire ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chilichonse kuyambira nyumba zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu monga milatho ndi madamu.
• Kukhoza kwake kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe enieni komanso kukana nyengo ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pantchito yomanga.
• Kuonjezera apo, konkire imatha kuyika ndi kuuma ngakhale kutentha kochepa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosunthika yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana.
• Kukhoza kulamulira nthawi yoyika konkire ndikofunikanso, chifukwa zimathandiza omanga kugwira ntchito ndi zinthuzo ndikuziyika pamalo ofunikira asanayambe kuuma.
• Madzi owonjezera amatha kuchotsedwa ku konkire kuti afulumizitse njira yokhazikitsira, kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera zingathe kuphatikizidwa kuti zichepetse.
• Kulimba kwa konkriti ndichinthu chofunikiranso, chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya konkriti yomwe imapereka mphamvu zosiyanasiyana komanso kulimba.
• Ponseponse, konkire yabwera kutali kuyambira pomwe idayamba, ndipo imakhalabe chinthu chofunikira pakumanga kwamakono.

Kusankha Konkire Yosakaniza Yoyenera Pa Ntchito Yanu

Zikafika pa konkriti, kusakaniza kosakanikirana ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zantchito yomanga. Pali mitundu ingapo yosakanikirana ya konkriti yomwe ilipo, iliyonse idapangidwa kuti ipereke mawonekedwe apadera. Nayi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• Normal Concrete Mix: Uku ndiye kusakaniza konkire komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ambiri. Zimaphatikizapo zosakaniza zabwino ndi zolimba, simenti, ndi madzi. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga zinthu zolimba, zolimba zomwe zimatha kulimbana ndi katundu wolemetsa ndikuyimirira kuzinthu.

• Kusakaniza Konkriti Wopepuka: Kusakaniza kotereku kumaphatikizapo zophatikizika zopepuka, monga shale kapena dongo, kuti apange zinthu zopepuka kwambiri kuposa konkriti wamba. Ndi yabwino kwa nyumba kumene kulemera ndi nkhawa, monga amachepetsa katundu pa maziko ndi zina structural zinthu.

• Heavy Concrete Mix: Kumalekezero ena a sipekitiramu, kusakaniza konkire kolemera kumaphatikizapo zowunjikana, monga chitsulo kapena chitsulo, kuti apange zinthu zolemera kwambiri kuposa konkire wamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kukhudzidwa.

• Kusakaniza Konkire Kophatikizana: Kusakaniza kotereku kumaphatikizapo zipangizo zapadera, monga zomangira zomangira kapena ulusi wazitsulo, kuti apange zinthu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zowonongeka ndi zina zowonongeka. Ndi yabwino kwa ntchito kumene konkire adzakhala pansi katundu wolemera kapena kwambiri nkhawa.

• Plain Concrete Mix: Uwu ndi mtundu woyambira wa konkire wosakaniza womwe umangophatikizapo zofunikira zokha, monga simenti, madzi, ndi zophatikiza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono, monga midadada kapena magawo a ntchito yomanga yayikulu.

Zomwe Muyenera Kuziganizira Posankha Kusakaniza Konkire

Kusankha kusakaniza konkire koyenera kumadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo zofunikira zenizeni za polojekitiyi ndi machitidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakaniza komwe kulipo. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Cholinga cha polojekitiyi: Cholinga chachikulu cha konkire ndi chiyani? Kodi cholinga chake chinali chonyamula katundu, kapena ndi malo osalala apansi kapena khoma?

• Mtundu wa zomangamanga: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga imafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya konkriti. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yapamwamba idzafuna kusakaniza kosiyana ndi nyumba yansanjika imodzi.

• Kuchuluka kwa konkire: Konkire yochuluka idzafuna kusakaniza kosiyana ndi konkriti yopyapyala, chifukwa imayenera kuthandizira kulemera kwakukulu.

• Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Mtundu wa aggregates ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza zidzakhudza zinthu zomaliza za konkire. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachitsulo kumapangitsa konkriti kukhala yolimba kwambiri pakusweka.

• Njira yobweretsera ndi kupanga: Mitundu ina ya kusakaniza konkire ndiyosavuta kupanga ndikubweretsa kuposa ina. Zosakaniza zowuma msanga, mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala m'malo mwazosakaniza zokhazikika ngati nthawi ili ndi nkhawa.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Kusakaniza Konkire Koyenera

Kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kuti chomaliza chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za polojekitiyi. Nawa maubwino ena ogwiritsira ntchito kusakaniza koyenera:

• Kuchita bwino: Kusakaniza koyenera kumawonetsetsa kuti konkire ili ndi mphamvu yofunikira, kulimba, komanso kukana kuwonongeka kuti igwire bwino ntchito yomwe ikufuna.

• Kutsirizitsa kosalala: Mitundu ina yosakaniza, monga konkire yopepuka, imatha kupanga kumaliza kosalala komwe kuli koyenera pazinthu zina.

• Kutalika kwa moyo wautali: Kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza koyenera kudzaonetsetsa kuti konkire imatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo imafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono pakapita nthawi.

• Kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo: Kusakaniza konkire kwapamwamba sikungathe kulephera kapena kusweka, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi kapena kuvulala.

• Maluso osiyanasiyana aukadaulo: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana ya konkriti yomwe ilipo imalola kuti zinthu zambiri zaukadaulo, monga kuyenda, mphamvu zopondereza, ndi madzi, ziphatikizidwe molingana ndi zosowa zenizeni za polojekitiyi.

Sayansi Pambuyo pa Kusakaniza: Kumvetsetsa Mapangidwe a Konkire

Konkire ndi chinthu chophatikizika chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zophatikizidwa mu chiŵerengero chapadera. Zigawo zazikulu za konkriti ndi:

• Simenti: Chinthu chomangira chomwe chimagwirizanitsa kusakaniza. Amapangidwa ndi miyala ya laimu, dongo, ndi zinthu zina zomwe amazipukuta n’kukhala ufa wosalala.
• Madzi: Madzi amene amayendetsa simentiyo n’kuipangitsa kuumitsa.
• Aggregates: Zinthu zomwe zimapanga kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga mchenga, miyala, miyala yophwanyidwa, ndi konkriti yobwezeretsanso.
• Zosakaniza: Mankhwala omwe amawonjezeredwa kusakaniza kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yake kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wake. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu, kugwira ntchito, kapena kulimba kwa konkriti.

Njira Yosakaniza

Kupanga konkriti kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo:

• Zinthuzo zimasungidwa m'mitsuko yosiyana ndiyeno zimaphatikizidwa muzomera zosakaniza.
• Zosakaniza zouma zimaphatikizidwa poyamba, ndiyeno madzi amawonjezeredwa kuti apange chisakanizo chonyowa.
• Kusakaniza kumayikidwa mu mawonekedwe ndikuloledwa kuumitsa mu mawonekedwe omwe akufuna.
• Konkireyo imachiritsidwa, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuisunga yonyowa komanso pa kutentha kwapadera kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikhazikika bwino.

Udindo wa Simenti

Simenti ndi gawo lamtengo wapatali la konkire, ndipo khalidwe lake ndi mtundu wake zingakhudze kwambiri ntchito yomaliza. Pali mitundu ingapo ya simenti, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso zofunika pakukonza:

• Simenti ya Portland: Simenti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imatchedwa mwala womwe unasemedwa pachisumbu cha Portland ku England. Amakhala ndi gawo limodzi ndipo amapangidwa ndi calcium, silicon, aluminiyamu, ndi chitsulo.
• Simenti yosakanikirana: Mtundu wa simenti womwe umaphatikiza simenti ya Portland ndi zinthu zina monga phulusa la ntchentche kapena slag kuti achepetse mtengo wake kapena kuwongolera magwiridwe ake.
• Simenti yoyera: Mtundu wa simenti yopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyera, monga miyala ya laimu, dongo, ndi mchenga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera ndipo ali ndi chitsulo chochepa ndi manganese kuposa simenti ya Portland.
• Simenti yapamwamba: Mtundu wa simenti womwe wapangidwa ndi zinthu zovuta za mankhwala ndi luso kuti uwongolere ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake.

Kufunika kwa Aggregates

Zophatikiza zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulimba komanso kulimba kwa konkriti. Zitha kukhala zabwino kapena zowoneka bwino, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake zimatha kukhudza kwambiri zinthu za osakaniza. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino yamagulu agulu ndi awa:

• Mchenga: Chinthu chopangidwa bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mipata pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikupanga malo osalala.
• Gravel: Chinthu cholimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya kusakaniza ndi kupereka mawonekedwe okhwima.
• Mwala wophwanyika: Mtundu wa miyala yomwe imapangidwa pophwanya miyala ikuluikulu kukhala tinthu ting’onoting’ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kusakaniza kofananako ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya konkire.

Kufunika Kosunga ndi Kusamalira Moyenera

Ubwino wa konkire umadalira kusungidwa koyenera ndi kusamalira zigawo zake. Simenti ndi zophatikiza ziyenera kusungidwa m'mitsuko yosiyana kuti zisaipitsidwe, ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zosakanizazo zikugwirizana. Madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa muyeso yoyenera kuti apange chisakanizo chatsopano chomwe chimagwirizanitsa bwino ndikuyika mu mawonekedwe omwe akufuna. Kusungirako kapena kusamalidwa kosayenera kungapangitse kuti kusakaniza kuume kapena kupanga ming'alu yopingasa, yomwe ingapangitse kuti mapangidwewo alephereke.

Performance Standard

Konkire ndi chinthu chomangira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chomwe chimadziwika ndi mphamvu zake, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha. Zochita zake zimatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo ubwino wa zigawo zake, chiŵerengero cha zosakaniza zake, ndi kuyang'anira kachitidwe kake. Ndi kukonzekera koyenera ndi kusamalira, konkire ikhoza kukhala chinthu champhamvu kwambiri komanso chodalirika panyumba iliyonse kapena ntchito yomanga.

Kuwongolera kwaubwino ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga konkriti. Zimatsimikizira kuti chomalizacho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwongolera zabwino kumaphatikizapo izi:

• Kuyesa: Konkire iyenera kuyesedwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu komanso kulimba.
• Kuyang'anira: Konkire iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti yapangidwa molingana ndi momwe ikufunira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera.
• Kusungirako Moyenera: Konkire iyenera kusungidwa bwino kuonetsetsa kuti sikutaya mphamvu kapena kulimba pakapita nthawi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Konkriti Zambiri

Konkire ndi chinthu chosunthika chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga ndi zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe konkriti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga:

• Kumanga maziko ndi makoma
• Milatho ndi misewu yayikulu
• Malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi ma driveways
• Masamba ndi ma curbs
• Mipingo ndi mizati
• Kusunga makoma ndi mipanda

Design ndi Aesthetics

Konkire sizinthu zomangira zokhazokha, komanso zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mapangidwe apadera komanso okongola. Nazi njira zina zomwe konkriti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakupanga mapangidwe:

• Pansi konkriti wopukutidwa kuti aziwoneka bwino komanso amakono
• Konkire yosindikizidwa kuti ifanane ndi zinthu zina monga njerwa kapena miyala
• Konkire yamitundu kuti ifanane ndi dongosolo linalake la mapangidwe
• Konkire yopangidwa kuti ikhale yowoneka bwino
• Konkire yopepuka kuti ikhale yosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Konkire atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu za nyumba. Nazi njira zina zomwe konkriti ingathandizire kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu:

• Kutsekera konkire kumasunga kutentha mkati mwa makoma, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 40%
• Konkire ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zipangizo zina kuti apange maenvulopu omanga opangidwa bwino kwambiri omwe amatumiza kutentha pang'ono
• Konkire atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga kutentha masana ndikumasula usiku kuti nyumba zizikhala zotentha

Infrastructure ndi Service Elements

Konkire ndiyofunikira pakumanga zomangamanga ndi zinthu zothandizira. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe konkire imagwiritsidwira ntchito pazifukwa izi:

• Zomera zamagetsi ndi madamu
• Malo opangira madzi ndi mapaipi
• Malo opangira zimbudzi ndi mapaipi
• Tunnels ndi nyumba zapansi panthaka
• Zolepheretsa phokoso ndi makoma osungira

Mapulogalamu Apadera

Konkire itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zapadera komanso zapadera. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe konkriti ingagwiritsire ntchito mwapadera:

• Konkire imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mawaya kuti apange konkriti yolimba, yomwe imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yoyenera kumanga nyumba zazitali.
• Zogulitsa za precast konkriti zitha kukonzedwa kuchokera pamalopo kenako kupita kumalo omangako kuti zikakhazikike mwachangu ndikuwongolera bwino
• Konkire yophatikizika imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti ang'onoang'ono monga mapulojekiti a DIY kukhitchini kapena m'munda
• Konkire yakuda ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa zotsatira za kuipitsidwa kwa kuwala m'mizinda

Kusamalira ndi Kukhalitsa

Konkire ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazida zomangira zomwe zimafunikira kukonza pang'ono komanso kulimba kwambiri. Nazi zifukwa zina:

• Konkire imapezeka kwambiri komanso yosavuta kupanga
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakaniza konkriti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito
• Konkire imagonjetsedwa ndi moto, madzi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo
• Konkire imatha kumalizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti igwirizane ndi zokometsera zomwe mukufuna komanso magwiridwe antchito
• Konkire imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosunthika pa polojekiti iliyonse

Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri ndi Bwino

Konkire ndi chinthu chotetezeka komanso chogwira ntchito bwino kuposa zomangira zakale monga matabwa kapena chitsulo. Nazi zifukwa zina:

• Konkire sichitha kupsa kapena kugwa pakagwa masoka achilengedwe
• Konkire sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizirombo ndi kuvunda
• Konkire imalimbana kwambiri ndi mphepo ndi zivomezi
• Konkire ndi insulator yabwino kuposa zipangizo zina, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama
• Konkire ndi chinthu chokhazikika komanso chachilengedwe kuposa zida zina zomangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwinoko kwa chilengedwe

Khalani Otetezeka Ndi Mwanzeru Mukamagwira Ntchito ndi Konkire

Pogwira ntchito ndi konkriti, chitetezo chiyenera kukhala chofunika kwambiri nthawi zonse. Makampani omanga akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti antchito awo ali ndi zida zodzitetezera kuti apewe ngozi iliyonse. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi zotetezera:

• Valani magolovesi oteteza ndi nsapato za Wellington kuti musagwirizane ndi konkriti yonyowa.
• Pewani konkriti pakhungu lanu chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa kuyabwa ndi kuyaka.
• Sambani konkire iliyonse yomwe imakhudza khungu lanu nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ndi sopo.
• Ngati konkriti ilowa m'maso mwanu, muzimutsuka nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ndikupempha upangiri wamankhwala.

Zovuta Zachilengedwe

Kupanga konkriti kumatha kukhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Makampani akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe. Nazi njira zochepetsera kuwononga chilengedwe popanga konkire:

• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi obwezeretsanso popanga kuti muchepetse kumwa madzi.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ena, monga biomass, kuti muchepetse kutulutsa mpweya.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopezeka kwanuko kuti muchepetse mpweya wamayendedwe.

Zowopsa Zaumoyo

Kugwira ntchito ndi konkriti kungayambitsenso thanzi. Kukumana ndi fumbi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza kungayambitse vuto la kupuma. Nazi njira zochepetsera zoopsa paumoyo:

• Valani chigoba kuti musapume fumbi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza.
• Pewani kusuta kapena kudya pafupi ndi malo opangira konkriti.
• Ngati kukhudzana ndi zinthu zovulaza sikungapeweke, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Kutsiliza

Ndiye muli nazo, mwachidule za konkire ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito lero. Ndizinthu zomwe zakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mwina zitha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. 

Simungakane kufunikira kwa konkire m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku, choncho onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa mfundo zonse za izo.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.