Mafelemu: ndi chiyani?

Frame ndi chothandizira chomwe chimasunga china chake. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zenera, komanso chitseko kapena zithunzi zimatha kusungidwa ndi chimango.

Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi matabwa, chitsulo, kapena pulasitiki, ndipo amatha kukhala mkati kapena kunja. Chophimbacho chiyenera kukhala cholimba kuti chithandizire kulemera kwa zenera ndikuletsa kugwa kapena kusweka. Zimathandizanso kutsekereza zenera ndikusunga ma drafts.

Mafelemu ali paliponse pomanga. Kuchokera pa chimango cha nyumba yanu mpaka pamagalasi anu, ali paliponse! Koma kodi chimango ndi chiyani kwenikweni pomanga?

Chimango pomanga ndi dongosolo lomanga lomwe limapereka chithandizo panyumba. Mafelemu amatha kupangidwa ndi matabwa, chitsulo, konkire, ndipo amatha kukhala olimba kapena olimba. Mafelemu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira makoma, pansi, ndi madenga.

M'nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza chomwe chimango ndi momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito pomanga. Ndikambirananso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafelemu ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Mitundu Yamapangidwe a Frame: Kupitilira Zoyambira

Mafelemu amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera momwe amakanira katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito: mafelemu omaliza ndi mafelemu omangika. Mafelemu omalizira ndi omwe ali ndi zolumikizira zokhazikika kapena zolimba kumapeto kwake, pomwe mafelemu omangika ndi omwe ali ndi zingwe za diagonal kukana katundu wozungulira.

Kusiyanitsidwa ndi Mawonekedwe ndi Zigawo: Zolimba, Zokhazikika, Zowoneka, ndi Portal

Mapangidwe a chimango amathanso kusiyanitsa malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi zigawo zake. Nazi zitsanzo:

• Mafelemu okhwima: Awa ndi mafelemu omwe amakhala ndi zolumikizira zokhazikika mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zazikulu monga milatho.
• Mafelemu osasunthika: Awa ndi mafelemu omwe ali ndi zolumikizira zokhazikika kumapeto kwina ndi kulumikizana kwa hinge kumapeto kwina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba kuti athandizire kulemera kwa denga.
• Mafelemu a Gabled: Awa ndi mafelemu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba kuti azichirikiza denga.
• Mafelemu a Portal: Awa ndi mafelemu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mafakitale kuti athandizire mipata yayikulu.

Ubwino Wophatikiza Zomangamanga

Mapangidwe a chimango amathanso kuphatikizidwa kuti apange struccore yomwe ili ndi ubwino wa mitundu yonse iwiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ikhoza kumangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu omangika ndi omangika kuti apange nyumba yolimba komanso yosagonjetsedwa ndi katundu wina.

Mwachidule, zomangira za chimango ndi kuphatikiza kwa matabwa, mizati, ndi zida za slab zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukana zolemetsa zonse zam'mbali komanso zokoka. Amagawidwa m'mafelemu otsirizira ndi olimba ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi zigawo zake. Mwa kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafelemu, zomanga zimatha kupangidwa zomwe zili ndi zabwino zonse ziwiri.

Chisinthiko cha Framing mu Zomangamanga

How to strip wire fast

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Kupanga mafelemu kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pantchito yomanga kwazaka zambiri. Nthawi yakale ya Neolithic idawona kugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a matabwa mnyumba, ndipo mwambowo udapitilira nthawi ya Aroma. Akalipentala a m’nthawi imeneyo ankagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro komanso manambala kuti adziwe komanso kulumikiza matabwawo, ndipo anthu akugwiritsabe ntchito masiku ano. Mwambo wokwera pamwamba, pamene matabwa omalizira amamangiriridwa pa chimango, unali mwambo wachipembedzo m’mayiko ena.

Zipangizo ndi Njira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pomanga

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zakhala zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse komanso kumadera osiyanasiyana. M’madera amene mitengo ya paini inalipo, inkagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala, pamene miyala ndi dongo zinali zotchuka m’madera ena. Pambuyo pake, mitengo yolimba ngati thundu ndi mkungudza wofiira inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofala. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafelemu zinalinso zosiyanasiyana, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa njira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kupanga baluni
• Braced frame
• Zomangamanga zamitundumitundu
• Kukonzekera kwa Tudor

Kukhazikitsa M'madera Osiyanasiyana a Nyengo

Kumanga kwakhala kokondedwa m'malo okhala ndi matabwa olimba, omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa dziko lapansi, kuphatikiza madera aku Baltic ndi kumpoto. Kumadera akummwera, komwe matabwa olimba sakhala ofala kwambiri, kupanga mapangidwe kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yofewa ngati paini. Nyengo ndi zipangizo zomwe zilipo zathandiza kwambiri pakupanga kusintha kwa mafelemu pomanga.

Art of Wall Framing in Construction

Mamembala a khoma, monga ma studs ndi mbale, amadulidwa mpaka kutalika ndi kuikidwa m'malo awo oyenera. Mphepete mwa mamembalawo amalumikizidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti khomalo ndi loona komanso lofanana.

Zothandizira ndi Mapulatifomu

Kumanga khoma kumathandizira kumtunda, denga, ndi denga. Mapulatifomu, monga ma joists ndi mapulaneti, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kulemera kwapamwamba ndi denga.

Kuphimba ndi Kuphimba

Mukamaliza kukonza khoma, kuyikapo, monga plywood, kumawonjezeredwa kuti apereke chithandizo chakumbuyo ndikukana mphepo. Zida zokutira, monga drywall, zimawonjezeredwa kuti amalize khoma.

Bracing ndi Kuuma

Kumanga khoma kumafuna kulimba mtima kuti kulimbana ndi mphamvu zakutsogolo, monga mphepo. Diagonal bracing nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke kuuma kwa khoma.

Makoma Okhala ndi Zigawo Zabokosi

Makoma okhala ndi makoma omwe amathandizira kulemera kwa kapangidwe kapamwamba. Zigawo za mabokosi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala ndi malonda amakina, monga mapaipi ndi magetsi.

Mphamvu ndi Ma Code

Kumanga khoma kuyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo omanga ndi maulamuliro kuti zitsimikizire mphamvu zake ndi chitetezo. Kulimba kwa khoma kumatengera mtundu wa khoma ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Braced Frame: Msana Wazomangamanga Zamphamvu

Fraced frame ndi mtundu wamapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zomwe zimatha kunyamula katundu wakumbuyo, monga mphepo ndi zivomezi. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamagulu zomwe zimakonzedwa m'njira yolimbana ndi mphamvuzi. Mafelemu omangika amapangidwa kuti azinyamula ndi kugawa mphamvuzi kuchokera pamwamba pa nyumba mpaka pansi, kuonetsetsa kuti nyumbayo imakhala yokhazikika komanso yotetezeka.

Kodi Braced Frame Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

Ntchito yayikulu ya chimango chomangika ndikukana mphamvu zam'mbali zomwe zimakhudza nyumba. Mphamvuzi zimatha chifukwa cha mphepo, zivomezi, kapena zinthu zina zakunja. Mafelemu omangika amagwira ntchito ponyamula mphamvuzi pansi kudzera muzitsulo zingapo zomwe zimasanjidwa mwanjira inayake. Zinthu zachitsulo zimapangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino pazovuta komanso kupanikizika, zomwe zimawathandiza kunyamula mphamvu mofanana.

Kodi Bracing Imakhudza Bwanji Zomangamanga?

Kumanga ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe omwe angakhudze momwe nyumba imawonekera ndikugwira ntchito. Zina mwa njira zomwe zimapangidwira zingakhudzire mapangidwe a nyumba ndi awa:

• Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a nyumbayo
• Malo a zinthu zomangira
• Mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga
• Momwe zinthu zomangira zimalumikizirana ndi zinthu zoyambira zonyamula mphamvu
• Mulingo wa makulidwe owonjezera ndi mphamvu zofunikira pakumanga kwa nyumbayo

Kuyika Baluni: Njira Yosinthira Pakumanga

Kujambula kwa baluni ndi njira yotchuka yopangira zomangamanga yomwe idayamba chapakati pazaka za m'ma 1800. Ndiwotsogolera ku njira yamakono yopangira nsanja ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano pomanga nyumba zazing'ono. Mosiyana ndi mafolemu a pulatifomu, mabaluni amakhala ndi zipilala zosalekeza zomwe zimatalikitsa utali wonse wa nyumbayo, nthawi zambiri masitepe awiri, kuchokera pa pulani ya maziko kufika pa denga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dongosolo lovuta komanso lalikulu kwambiri kuti limangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa ang'onoang'ono.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Balloon Framing

ubwino:

• Kujambula kwa baluni kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakupanga nyumba, malingana ndi luso la womanga.
• Zimalola kuphatikizidwa kwa matabwa akuluakulu, omwe angabweretse mbiri yakale ndi kukongola kwa nyumbayo.
• Kuyika ma baluni nthawi zambiri sikumatenga nthawi komanso kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi pulatifomu, komwe kumatha kupulumutsa ndalama.

kuipa:

• Kupanga baluni kumafuna matabwa ochuluka, omwe amatha kukhala ovuta kuwapeza komanso okwera mtengo.
• Ma studs mosalekeza amatha kulola kuti moto usayende bwino, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yochepetsetsa yomangira poyerekeza ndi kupanga nsanja.
• Mabaluni sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano chifukwa cha kutha kwa nkhalango zomwe sizinali zachilendo ku America, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza matabwa akuluakulu ofunikira pa njirayi.

Zida Zomangira: Msana wa Kumanga kwa Frame

Wood ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chimango. Ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amapezeka mosavuta komanso osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga chimango ndi pine, poplar, red ndi rosewood. Makulidwe a matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chimango nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira mainchesi 2 mpaka 4. Mitengo imadulidwa mzidutswa zotchedwa timitengo, kenaka amalumikizidwa kupanga chimango cha nyumbayo.

Chitsulo: Chida Champhamvu Ndi Chokhalitsa Pakumanga Mafelemu

Chitsulo ndi chinthu china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chimango. Ndi chinthu champhamvu komanso cholimba chomwe chimatha kulimbana ndi nthawi komanso nyengo. Chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ndi chithandizo chapamwamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba zamalonda ndi mafakitale akuluakulu.

Njira za Glue ndi Kuyanika: Chinsinsi Pakumanga Kwamphamvu Kwa chimango

Pomanga chimango, kugwiritsa ntchito guluu ndi njira zowumitsa ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chimango cholimba komanso chokhazikika. Guluu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mphepete mwa matabwa kapena zidutswa zachitsulo kuti asasunthike kapena kusuntha. Njira zowumitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti guluuyo wauma kwathunthu zidutswazo zisanagwirizane. Njira zamapewa ndi zotchinga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika ndikudula zidutswa zamatabwa kapena zitsulo.

Zothandizira Zopingasa ndi Zoyima: Kuchulukitsa Mphamvu Yomanga Mafelemu

Zothandizira zopingasa ndi zoyima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu yomanga chimango. Zothandizira zopingasa nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa nyumbayo, pomwe zothandizira zoyimirira zimayikidwa pakati pa nyumbayo. Chiwerengero cha zothandizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chimango zidzasiyana malinga ndi kukula ndi kapangidwe ka nyumbayo.

Kumaliza: Kuwonjezera Final Touch to Frame Construction

Zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukhudza komaliza pakupanga chimango. Zimaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga utoto, kupukuta, ndi zokutira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa chimango. Zomalizazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti matabwa kapena zitsulo zisawonongeke pakapita nthawi komanso kuti nyumbayo iwoneke bwino.

Zida Zophatikizika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zosiyanasiyana Kupititsa patsogolo Kumanga Kwa Frame

Nthawi zina, zida zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo ntchito yomanga chimango. Mwachitsanzo, matabwa ndi zitsulo zingathe kuphatikizidwa kuti apange chimango cholimba komanso cholimba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipangizo zophatikizika kungakhudzenso moyo wautumiki wa nyumbayo ndi ntchito yake yonse.

Mafelemu a mawindo amatabwa

Mumagwiritsa ntchito mafelemu a matabwa m'nyumba mwanu ndipo mafelemu amatabwa ayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse.

Mukamanga nyumba, muyenera kusankha pasadakhale.

Ndi mwala uti womwe mukufuna, matailosi a padenga ndi mafelemu omwe mumasankha.

Mukhoza kusankha mafelemu apulasitiki, mafelemu a aluminiyamu ndi mafelemu amatabwa.

Mudzayang'ana pamtengo ndipo mudzawona kuti mafelemu amatabwa ndi okwera mtengo kuposa mafelemu apulasitiki.

Mawindo a aluminiyamu ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Mutha kupanga chisankho chanu potengera mtengo.

Chofunikiranso, ndithudi, ndi maonekedwe.

Mafelemu amatabwa amapatsa nyumba yanu mawonekedwe ofunda ndikuwonjezera phindu.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki.

Payekha, ndimasankha matabwa olimba.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mitengoyi ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso imalimbana ndi nyengo.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi merbau ndi meranti.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba.

Ndipotu mazenerawa sadalira nyengo.

Mitengo ya spruce ndi pine nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba.

Kupanga chisankho nthawi zonse kumakhala kwaumwini.

Ndizowonjezera za pluses ndi minuses.

Ngati muli wothandiza, chisankhocho chimapangidwa mwamsanga.

Mafelemu amatabwa omwe mumasankha penti

Ngati mukufuna kupitiriza kuwona mawonekedwe a matabwa, sankhani lacquer yowonekera kapena banga.

Ngati mukufuna kuyikapo mtundu, mudzachita izi ndi utoto wopangidwa ndi turpentine.

Tsopano ndikulankhula za kunja kwa mafelemu a zenera.

Gwiritsani ntchito utoto wa acrylic mkati.

Muyenera kuzindikira kuti mafelemu amatabwa amafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse.

Muyenera kuganiza kuti zaka 6 mpaka 7 zilizonse muyenera kupaka utoto watsopano.

Ndi ichi inu optimally kusunga chikhalidwe cha mafelemu.

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito banga, muyenera kuchita izi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse.

Kuonjezera apo, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzitsuka mazenera anu amatabwa kawiri pachaka ndi zoyeretsa zonse.

Ngati muchita izi pafupipafupi mudzawona kuti kujambula kwanu kwanthawi ndi nthawi kutha kuimitsidwa.

Choncho mukufunika kusamalidwa kochepa.

Ndikofunikiranso kuti muziyendera chaka chilichonse.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti chaka chilichonse mumayenda kuzungulira nyumba yanu ndikulemba zolakwikazo.

Izi zitha kukhala ming'alu kapena misozi.

Nthawi zambiri mumawona izi m'makona a mafelemu awindo.

Kenako thetsani izi nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito acrylic sealant kuti madzi asalowemo.

Kupatula apo, mutha kujambula pa acrylic sealant.

Ngati simungathe kuchita izi nokha, pemphani wojambula kuti agwire ntchitoyi.

Ngati mumatsatira mfundo ziwirizi nthawi zonse, muwona kuti penti yanu imakhalabe yapamwamba!

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ndi momwe chimango chomanga chimagwirira ntchito. Mafelemu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira makoma a nyumbayo kapena denga, kapena makoma okha, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mafakitale ndi nyumba. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse ins ndi kunja kwa mafelemu, kotero pitirirani ndi ntchito chidziwitso mwanzeru.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.