Golide ndi chinthu chamankhwala chokhala ndi chizindikiro Au (kuchokera) ndi nambala ya atomiki 79. Mu mawonekedwe ake oyera kwambiri, ndi chitsulo chowala, chofiira pang'ono, chofiyira, chofewa, chosungunuka ndi ductile.
Mwachidziwitso, golide ndi chitsulo chosinthira ndi gulu 11. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosagwira ntchito kwambiri zamakhemikolo, ndipo imakhala yolimba pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera.
Chitsulocho chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mawonekedwe aulere (achibadwidwe), monga ma nuggets kapena njere, m'miyala, m'mitsempha ndi m'magawo a alluvial. Amapezeka pamndandanda wokhazikika wokhala ndi siliva wachilengedwe (monga electrum) komanso wopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi mkuwa ndi palladium.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, amapezeka mu mchere monga mankhwala a golide, nthawi zambiri ndi tellurium (golide tellurides).
Nambala ya atomiki ya Golide ya 79 imapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwazinthu zapamwamba za atomiki zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe m'chilengedwe chonse, ndipo mwamwambo zimaganiziridwa kuti zidapangidwa mu supernova nucleosynthesis kuti ibereke fumbi momwe Dzuwa limapangidwira.
Chifukwa chakuti dziko lapansi linali losungunuka pamene limangopangidwa, pafupifupi golide yense amene ali pa Dziko Lapansi anamira pakati pa mapulaneti.
Chifukwa chake golide wambiri yemwe alipo lero mu kutumphuka ndi chobvala cha Dziko lapansi akuganiziridwa kuti adatumizidwa ku Dziko Lapansi pambuyo pake, ndi kukhudzidwa kwa asteroid panthawi ya bombardment mochedwa kwambiri, zaka 4 biliyoni zapitazo.
Golide amalimbana ndi kuukiridwa ndi zidulo za munthu aliyense, koma akhoza kusungunuka ndi aqua regia (“royal water” [nitro-hydrochloric acid], wotchedwa chifukwa amasungunula “mfumu yazitsulo”).
Kusakaniza kwa asidi kumapangitsa kupanga golide wosungunuka wa tetrachloride anion. Zosakaniza za golide zimasungunukanso muzitsulo zamchere za cyanide, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mumigodi.
Amasungunuka mu mercury, kupanga ma aloyi a amalgam; sichisungunuka mu nitric acid, yomwe imasungunula siliva ndi zitsulo zoyambira, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa golidi muzinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawu akuti asidi ayesedwe.
Chitsulochi chakhala chitsulo chamtengo wapatali komanso chofunidwa kwambiri chandalama, zodzikongoletsera, ndi zaluso zina kuyambira kalekale mbiri yolembedwa isanayambike.
M'mbuyomu, muyezo wa golide unkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndondomeko yandalama mkati ndi pakati pa mayiko, koma ndalama za golide zidasiya kupangidwa ngati ndalama zozungulira m'ma 1930, ndipo muyezo wa golide wapadziko lonse lapansi (onani mwatsatanetsatane) udasiyidwa. Fiat currency system pambuyo pa 1976.
Mbiri yakale ya golidi idakhazikika pakusoweka kwake kwapakatikati, kugwiridwa kosavuta ndi kupanga, kusungunula kosavuta, kusawonongeka, mtundu wosiyana, komanso kusachitanso zinthu zina.
Matani okwana 174,100 a golidi adakumbidwa m'mbiri ya anthu, malinga ndi GFMS kuyambira 2012. Izi zikufanana ndi 5.6 biliyoni troy ounces kapena, ponena za voliyumu, pafupifupi 9020 m3, kapena kyubu 21 mamita kumbali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito golide watsopano padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi 50% muzodzikongoletsera, 40% muzogulitsa, ndi 10% m'makampani.
Kuchuluka kwa golide kusungunuka, ductility, kukana dzimbiri ndi zina zambiri zamakina, komanso kupangika kwa magetsi kwapangitsa kuti apitilize kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizira zamagetsi zomwe sizingawonongeke pamitundu yonse ya zida zamakompyuta (kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu m'mafakitale).
Golide amagwiritsidwanso ntchito potchingira infrared, kupanga magalasi achikuda, komanso kupanga golide. Mchere wina wa golide umagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati anti-inflammatories muzamankhwala.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.
