The mwakhama chipewa ndi chimodzi mwa zofala kwambiri Chalk chitetezo lero, ndipo ndi chochuluka cha chisoti chomwe chipewa.
Maboma ambiri amafuna ogwira ntchito zomangamanga kuphatikiza owotcherera, mainjiniya, mamanejala, ndi ena onse pamalopo kuti akhale nawo, chifukwa ndikofunikira kupulumutsa moyo ngozi itachitika.
Koma mwina mudapitako kumalo omanga ndipo muli ndi vuto losiyanitsa mainjiniya chitetezo oyang'anira kapena ogwira ntchito wamba.
Zomwe mwina simukudziwa ndikuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipewa cholimba imayimira maudindo osiyanasiyana, kuwalola ogwira nawo ntchito kuti amvetsetse kuti ndi ndani.
Ngakhale ma code a zipewa zolimba amasiyana m'mitundu kapena mabungwe osiyanasiyana, malamulo ena ofunikira atha kukuthandizani kuzindikira ogwira ntchito kuchokera ku mtundu wa chipewa cholimba chomwe avala.
| Mitundu ya chipewa cholimba | Images |
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| Zipewa zoyera zoyera: Oyang'anira, woyang'anira, oyang'anira, ndi omanga mapulani | 
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| Zipewa zakuda zofiirira: ma welders kapena akatswiri ena otentha | 
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| Zipewa zobiriwira zobiriwira: oyang'anira zachitetezo kapena oyang'anira | 
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| Zipewa zolimba zachikaso: Ogwira ntchito zosuntha padziko lapansi ndi ntchito wamba | 
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| Zipewa zolimba za lalanje: ogwira ntchito yomanga misewu | 
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| Zipewa zabuluu zolimba: Ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ngati magetsi | 
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| Zipewa zolimba: cholinga cha alendo patsamba lino | 
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| Zipewa zolimba zapinki: m'malo mwa yotayika kapena yosweka | 
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| Zipewa zofiira: Ogwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi ngati ozimitsa moto | 
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Mu positi iyi tikambirana:
- Kukongoletsa Zojambula
- Kodi mitundu ya chipewa cholimba ikutanthauzanji?
- Zipewa zoyera: Oyang'anira, woyang'anira, oyang'anira, ndi omanga mapulani
- Zipewa zakuda za Brown: ma welders kapena ena odziwa kutentha
- Zipewa zobiriwira zobiriwira: oyang'anira chitetezo kapena oyang'anira
- Zipewa zolimba zachikaso: Ogwira ntchito zosuntha padziko lapansi ndi ntchito wamba
- Zipewa zolimba za lalanje: ogwira ntchito yomanga misewu
- Zipewa zolimba za buluu: Ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ngati magetsi
- Zipewa zolimba: zopangira alendo patsamba lino
- Zipewa zolimba zapinki: m'malo mwa yotayika kapena yosweka
- Zipewa zofiira zofiira: Ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi ngati ozimitsa moto
- Kodi maubwino olembera mitundu ndi ati?
- Mbiri ya Chipewa Cholimba
- N'chifukwa Chiyani Mukufunikira Chipewa Cholimba?
- Maganizo Omaliza okhudza Ma Hatti Akovuta
Kukongoletsa Zojambula
Poyamba, zipewa zonse zimakhala zofiirira komanso zakuda. Panalibe zolembera zamtundu.
Ichi ndi chinthu chaposachedwa kwambiri chomwe chili chothandiza kuzindikira magulu onse a ogwira ntchito pamalo omanga.
Kumbukirani kuti ma code a chipewa cholimba amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mayiko.
Komanso, makampani amatha kupanga ma code awo m'malo awo omanga bola ngati ogwira ntchito ndi aliyense wokhudzidwayo akudziwa ma code ndi mitundu ya mitundu.
Masamba ena amasankha kupita ndi mitundu yachilendo.
Koma, monga lamulo, timafotokozera tanthauzo la mtundu uliwonse ndi zomwe zimaimira pamndandanda pansipa.
Chifukwa chiyani chipewa cholimba chili chofunikira?
Chipewa cholimba chimatchedwanso chipewa cha chitetezo chifukwa zinthu zolimba za chipewazo zimateteza.
Chifukwa chake ndikuti zipewa zolimba ndizofunikira zida zodzitetezera pamalo omanga. A chipewa cholimba ndichofunika kukhala nacho kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito (monga zosankha izi apa).
Zipewa zolimba zimateteza mutu wa wogwira ntchito kuti asawonongeke kapena zinthu zina. Komanso chisoti chimateteza ku ngozi zamagetsi zilizonse kapena zoopsa zosayembekezereka.
Kodi zipewa zolimba ndizotani?
Zipewa zambiri zamasiku ano zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zotchedwa high-density polyethylene, zomwe zimaphatikizidwanso ngati HDPE. Zida zina zina ndizolimba kwambiri polycarbonate kapena thermoplastic.
Kunja kwa chipewa cholimba kumawoneka ngati pulasitiki wachikuda koma musanyengedwe. Zipewa zolimba izi ndizosavulaza.
Kodi mitundu ya chipewa cholimba ikutanthauzanji?
Zipewa zoyera: Oyang'anira, woyang'anira, oyang'anira, ndi omanga mapulani
White nthawi zambiri imapangidwira oyang'anira, mainjiniya, oyang'anira, omanga mapulani, ndi oyang'anira. M'malo mwake, zoyera ndi za ogwira ntchito zapamwamba pamalopo.
Ogwira ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri amavala chipewa choyera chophatikizira ndi chovala cha hi-vis kuti athe kusiyanitsa ndi ena.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira abwana anu kapena apamwamba ngati pangakhale zovuta.
Zipewa zakuda za Brown: ma welders kapena ena odziwa kutentha
Mukawona wina atavala chipewa chofiirira, atha kukhala wowotcherera kapena munthu yemwe ntchito yake imakhudza kutentha.
Mwambiri, munthu wovala chisoti chofiirira amaphatikizidwa ndi makina owotcherera kapena opangira omwe amafuna kutentha.
Anthu ambiri amayembekezera kuti ma welders azivala zipewa zofiira, koma sizili choncho chifukwa chofiira ndi cha ozimitsa moto ndi ena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi.
Zipewa zobiriwira zobiriwira: oyang'anira chitetezo kapena oyang'anira
Green imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza maofesala achitetezo kapena oyang'anira. Komabe, itha kuvalidwa ndi antchito atsopano pamalopo kapena wogwira ntchito poyesedwa.
Green ndi mtundu wa ofufuza ndi ophunzitsidwa. Zimasokoneza pang'ono chifukwa kusanganikirana kumatha kuchitika.
Zipewa zolimba zachikaso: Ogwira ntchito zosuntha padziko lapansi ndi ntchito wamba
Panali nthawi yomwe ndimaganiza kuti chipewa cholimba chachikaso chimapangidwira akatswiri chifukwa mtundu uwu umadziwika. Tsopano ndikudziwa kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akuyenda padziko lapansi komanso ogwira ntchito wamba.
Ogwira ntchito amtunduwu alibe luso lapadera. Kawirikawiri chikasu chimasokonezedwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mumsewu, koma makamaka, anthu ogwira ntchito mumsewu nthawi zambiri amavala lalanje.
Tawonani kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito yomanga amavala zachikaso chifukwa, anthu ambiri kumeneko ndi antchito wamba.
Zipewa zolimba za lalanje: ogwira ntchito yomanga misewu
Kodi mwawona ogwira ntchito yomanga atavala zipewa zoteteza ku lalanje poyendetsa? Nthawi zambiri mumawazindikira pamsewu, akuchita ntchito zapamsewu.
Orange ndi mtundu wa ogwira ntchito yomanga misewu. Izi zikuphatikiza oyendetsa mabanki ndi oyendetsa magalimoto pamsewu. Ena mwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito yokweza ndege amavalanso zipewa za lalanje.
Zipewa zolimba za buluu: Ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ngati magetsi
Ogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ngati zamagetsi ndipo akalipentala nthawi zambiri amavala chipewa cholimba cha buluu. Ndi akatswiri amaluso, ogwira ntchito yomanga ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu.
Komanso, azachipatala kapena ogwira ntchito pamalo omangira amavala zipewa zabuluu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukudwala mwadzidzidzi, funsani zipewa zamtundu woyamba.
Zipewa zolimba: zopangira alendo patsamba lino
Mukapita kukaona malo, akhoza kukupatsani chipewa cholimba kuti muvale, kuti muteteze. Ndiwo mtundu womwe nthawi zambiri umapangidwira alendo.
Wogwira ntchito akaiwala chipewa chawo kapena akachiika molakwika, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chipewa cholimba pinki pamalopo kuti azivala asanabwerenso kapena kupeza chatsopano.
Pachifukwachi, nthawi yokhayo yomwe muyenera kuvala chipewa chakuda ndi ngati mukuyendera tsamba.
Zipewa zolimba zapinki: m'malo mwa yotayika kapena yosweka
Simukuyembekezera kuwona ogwira ntchito yomanga atavala zipewa zolimba zapinki.
Komabe, mtundu uwu umasungidwa kwa anthu omwe amaswa ndi kuwononga chipewa chawo pantchito, kapena nthawi zina, iwo omwe amaiwala chipewa chawo kunyumba.
Ganizirani za chipewa cha pinki ngati 'yankho lakanthawi' chifukwa zipewa zapinki nthawi zina zimanyozedwa chifukwa chosasamala.
Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuvala chipewa cha pinki mpaka chipewa chake cholimba chisinthidwe, kuti apewe kuvulala.
Pachikhalidwe, chipewa cha pinki chinali mtundu wa chilango pakuiwala zida zanu kunyumba.
Malo onse omanga ayenera kukhala ndi zipewa zapinki zapadera kwa iwo omwe amazifuna.
Zipewa zofiira zofiira: Ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi ngati ozimitsa moto
Chipewa chofiira chofiira chimasungidwa kwa ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi okha, monga ozimitsa moto kapena antchito ena aluso poyankha mwadzidzidzi.
Pachifukwachi, muyenera kukhala ndi maphunziro azadzidzidzi kuti muvale chisoti chofiira kapena apo ayi mungayambitse mantha pamalo omangapo.
Mukawona ogwira ntchito atavala zipewa zofiira, zikutanthauza kuti pali vuto ladzidzidzi, ngati moto.
Kodi maubwino olembera mitundu ndi ati?
Choyambirira komanso chachikulu, zipewa zamtunduwu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira anthu onse ogwira ntchito yomanga.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ogwira ntchito onse aphunzitsidwe ndikuwuzidwa zomwe mtundu uliwonse umatanthauza ndipo onse ayenera kuvala mtundu wa chipewa cholimba kutengera mtundu wawo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito azivala zipewa zawo:
- Zipewa zolimba ndizosagonjetsedwa ndipo ndizofunikira pachitetezo cha malo omanga. Amapewa kuvulala ngakhale imfa.
- Mitundu yapaderayi imapangitsa kuti kuzindikirika anthu onse patsamba lino.
- Ogwira ntchito amatha kuzindikira anzawo anzawo kutengera mtundu wa chipewa cholimba, chomwe chimapulumutsa nthawi.
- Zipewa zachikuda zimapangitsa kuti oyang'anira aziyang'anira antchito awo ndikuzindikira malo omwe antchito ali nawo.
- Ngati mungasunge mtundu wopitilira muyeso, kulumikizana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito ndikosavuta.
Nayi mainjiniya wamafuta akuyang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
Mbiri ya Chipewa Cholimba
Kodi mumadziwa kuti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, ogwira ntchito zomangamanga sankavala zipewa chifukwa sanazindikire kufunika kwa chitetezo?
Mbiri ya chipewa cholimba ili pafupifupi zaka 100 zokha, motero modabwitsa posachedwa, poganizira kuti ntchito zazikulu zomanga zamangidwa kwazaka zikwi.
Zonsezi zidayamba ndi bambo wotchedwa Edward W. Bullard. Anapanga chipewa cholimba choyamba chachitetezo mu 1919 ku San Francisco.
Chisoticho chidamangidwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito nthawi yamtendere ndipo chimatchedwa Chipewa Cholimbika.
Chipewa chidapangidwa ndichikopa ndi chinsalu ndipo chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chida choyamba kuteteza mutu kugulitsidwa ku America konse.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa zomwe tikudziwa lero monga chipewa cholimba kungayambike ku 1930s ku America. Zipewazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito m’ntchito zomanga zazikulu monga Golden Gate Bridge ku California ndi Damu la Hoover. Ngakhale mapangidwe awo anali osiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipewazi kudalamulidwa ndi a Malingaliro a kampani Six Companies, Inc. Mu 1933.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Mukufunikira Chipewa Cholimba?
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zipewa zolimba kumakhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zingatheke ndi kuvulala. Koma masiku ano chipewa cholimba chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kuti ziwonjezeke bwino ntchito yonse.
Chitetezo ku Zinthu Zogwa
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chipewa cholimba ndikuteteza kuzinthu zakugwa. Chipewa cholimba monga momwe tikudziwira chinapangidwa makamaka chifukwa cha ichi. Ngakhalenso zipewa zolimba ngati chipewa chanthawi zonse zokutidwa ndi phula zidapangidwa makamaka kuti ziteteze mitu ya ogwira ntchito yomanga zombo ku zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba.
Kuzindikiritsa Munthu
Zipewa zolimba ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira munthu aliyense pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Ndi kachidindo kamtundu, zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa dzina la munthu wogwira ntchito komanso zomwe amachita pamalowo mwa kungoyang'ana chabe. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yowonongeka.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti mukukumana ndi vuto la magetsi pamene mukugwira ntchito pansanjika yoyamba. Kotero mukufunikira munthu wochokera kumbali yamagetsi kuti atseke mphamvu bwino. Mutha kuchita izi mosavuta poyang'ana mtundu wofunikira ndikuwazindikira kuchokera pagulu. Popanda chipewa cholimba chamtundu wamtundu, izi zingatenge nthawi yambiri.
Kuchepetsa Kuyankhulana
Zipewa zolimba zokhala ndi mitundu zapangitsa kuti kulumikizana pamalo ogwirira ntchito kukhala kosavuta. Wogwira ntchito mmodzi akhoza kudziwitsa wantchito wina mosavuta ngati ali pamalo owopsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukweza makina olemera amtundu uliwonse ndipo muyenera kuitana antchito onse m'munda umenewo. Mutha kuchita izi mosavuta ndi mitundu ya chipewa cholimba.
Kusunga Kupitiriza
Ngati malo onse omanga agwiritsa ntchito zipewa zolimba zokhala ndi mtundu womwewo zingathandize kuti zisapitirire. Ogwira ntchito omwe amachoka ku projekiti ina kupita ku inzake amatha kumva kuti ali panyumba chifukwa cha zipewa zolimba zamitundu yofananira. Amatha kuzindikira mosavuta kuti ndi antchito ati. Oyang'anira adzapindulanso ndi izi.
Maganizo Omaliza okhudza Ma Hatti Akovuta
Monga ndanenera kale, pali mtundu wofunika kutsatira mukamavala chipewa cholimba pantchito yomanga.
Cholinga chake ndikuti chitetezo ndichofunikira motero ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwika mosavuta. Ndi lamulo losalembedwa osati lovuta komanso lofulumira.
Popeza palibe malamulo aboma amtundu winawake, makampani amatha kusankha mitundu yawo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mufufuze kale.
Mupeza masamba omwe sagwiritsa ntchito nambala iyi, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kufunsa musanayambe kugwira ntchito pamalowo.
Komabe, mudzawona kuti malo onse omanga amajambula antchito awo.
Kumbukirani, ngakhale njira yolembera mitundu ndiyopindulitsa potetezedwa, ndibwino kutero valani chipewa cholimba a mtundu uliwonse kuposa kusakhala ndi chipewa cholimba mukakhala pamalo omanga.
Pofotokoza momveka bwino, chipewa cholimba cha mtundu woyera chidapangidwira akatswiri.
Ngakhale zili choncho, pakhala nthawi zina ntchito zinaima chifukwa antchito anali atavala zipewa zolimba.
Kodi ma code a chipewa cholimba ndi ati m'dziko lanu kapena bungwe lanu? Tiuzeni mu ndemanga.
Werenganinso: kalozera wathunthu wamajenereta a dizilo, umu ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.
