Lacquer: The Etymology, Mitundu, ndi Zowonjezera Zomwe Zimafotokozedwa

Lacquer ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi utomoni, zomwe zimachokera ku katulutsidwe ka mtengo kapena tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kumaliza konyezimira pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Ndizinthu zosunthika zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza ndi kukongoletsa pafupifupi chilichonse kuyambira zida zoimbira mpaka mipando mpaka magalimoto.

Tiyeni tiwone mbiri ndi ntchito za chinthu chapaderachi.

Lacquer - Ultimate Guide

Lacquer ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumaliza kapena ❖ kuyanika zamatabwa, zitsulo, ndi malo ena. Imaumitsa mwachangu ndipo imatha kutulutsa malo onyezimira komanso osalala ikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Cholinga chachikulu cha lacquer ndikuteteza pamwamba pake, ndikusiya wosanjikiza wolimba komanso wokhazikika womwe ungakhalepo kwa zaka zambiri.

Mbiri ya Lacquer

Lacquer yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndikupanga kuyambira 5000 BCE. Kupanga lacquer kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa utomoni kuchokera kumitengo ndikuwonjezera sera ndi zinthu zina kuti apange mawonekedwe oyenera. Kale, lacquer ankakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zokongola komanso zonyezimira pamipando ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Lacquer

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lacquer, iliyonse ili ndi katundu wake wapadera komanso ntchito. Zina mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya lacquer ndi:

• Nitrocellulose lacquer: Uwu ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa lacquer womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Imadziwika ndi nthawi yowuma mwachangu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.
• Lacquer yokhala ndi madzi: Mtundu uwu wa lacquer ndi wochepa mu VOCs ndipo ndi woyenera kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupeza njira yowonjezera zachilengedwe.
• Lacquer Pre-catalyzed: Mtundu uwu wa lacquer umafuna wopanga wodzipatulira kuti anyamule mankhwalawo, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi olimba kwambiri komanso osalala.
• Lacquer Post-catalyzed: Mtundu uwu wa lacquer ndi wofanana ndi lacquer pre-catalyzed koma imafuna sitepe yowonjezera kuchotsa chothandizira musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Lacquer yochiritsidwa ndi UV: Mtundu uwu wa lacquer ndi wowuma mofulumira kwambiri ndipo umakhala wonyezimira kwambiri.

Ubwino ndi Zoipa Zogwiritsa Ntchito Lacquer

Monga mankhwala aliwonse, lacquer ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Nazi zina mwa mfundo zofunika kuziganizira:

ubwino:

• Amapereka mapeto osalala komanso owala
• Amateteza pamwamba pake
• Imauma mwachangu
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana

kuipa:

• Pamafunika mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo zida pa ntchito
• Zingayambitse zovuta zaumoyo ngati sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera
• Zitha kufunikira malaya angapo kuti aziphimba bwino
• Zingakhale zovuta kuchotsa mukangogwiritsa ntchito

Momwe Mungayikitsire Lacquer

Kupaka lacquer kumafuna ntchito ndi chidwi mwatsatanetsatane. Nazi zina zofunika kutsatira:

• Mchenga pamwamba kuti uphimbidwe ndi sandpaper yabwino-grit kuti apange pamwamba.
• Ikani lacquer muzovala zopyapyala, kulola kuti chovala chilichonse chiume kwathunthu musanawonjezere china.
• Malingana ndi mtundu wa lacquer womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ungafunike mchenga pakati pa malaya kuti apange mapeto osalala.
• Chovala chomaliza chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, lolani kuti lacquer iume kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito pamwamba.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawirikawiri Lacquer

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Lacquer imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• Kupanga mapeto owala pa mipando ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera
• Kuteteza zida zoimbira, monga mapulo ndi phulusa, kuti zisawonongeke
• Kuonjezera chitetezo pamwamba pazitsulo kuti muteteze dzimbiri ndi kuwonongeka kwina

Kusiyana Pakati pa Lacquer ndi Zomaliza Zina

Ngakhale kuti lacquer ndi mtundu wotchuka wa mapeto, si njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo. Pano pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa lacquer ndi mapeto ena:

• Lacquer imauma mofulumira kuposa mapeto ena, monga varnish ndi shellac.
• Lacquer ndi yolimba kwambiri kuposa mapeto ena ndipo imatha kupirira kuvala kwambiri.
• Lacquer imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa VOCs, zomwe zingayambitse nkhani zaumoyo ngati sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

The Fascinating Etymology ya Lacquer

Mawu oti "lacquer" ali ndi mbiri yolemera komanso yovuta, ndi tanthauzo lake ndi zinthu zomwe zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Njira yakale yopangira lacquer yamakono inali zinthu zachilengedwe zotulutsa utomoni zomwe zimachokera ku zinsinsi za tizilombo ta lac. Mawu oti "lacquer" amachokera ku liwu lachi Persian "lak" ndi liwu lachihindi "lākh", onse omwe amatanthauza "chikwi zana". Izi zili choncho chifukwa pamafunika kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kuti tipange utomoni wochepa.

Kumasulira kwa Lacquer

Mawu oti "lacquer" adamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zambiri kwazaka zambiri, kuphatikiza Chilatini, Chifalansa, Chipwitikizi, Chiarabu, ndi Sanskrit. Mu Chilatini, liwu loti lacquer ndi "laca", pomwe mu French ndi "laque". Mu Chipwitikizi, ndi "lacca", pamene mu Chiarabu ndi "lakk". Mu Sanskrit, liwu loti lacquer ndi "lākshā", lomwe limachokera ku verebu "laksha", kutanthauza "kuyika chizindikiro kapena kuvala".

Kutchuka Kwambiri kwa Lacquer

Ngakhale matembenuzidwe ambiri ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu akuti "lacquer", zinthuzo zakhalabe zokhazikika m'mbiri yonse. Kutchuka kwake kosatha ndi umboni wa kusinthasintha kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake, komanso mphamvu zake zowonjezera kukongola kwa malo aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zakale kapena kupanga zamakono, lacquer ikupitirizabe kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali komanso chofunidwa.

Mitundu 5 ya Lacquer ndi Kumaliza Kwake Kwapadera

1. Nitrocellulose Lacquer

Nitrocellulose lacquer ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya lacquer pakati pa amisiri ndi opanga. Ndi lacquer yachikhalidwe yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zida zoimbira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala ofunikira omwe amachititsa kuyanika kwa lacquer ya nitrocellulose ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimatuluka msanga. Mtundu uwu wa lacquer umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala ena ndipo ukhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta. Mayina odziwika bwino a sheen a nitrocellulose lacquer kuyambira wonyezimira kwambiri mpaka wonyezimira kwambiri ndi awa: flat, matte, eggshell, satin, semi-gloss, ndi gloss.

2. Lacquer Yopangidwa ndi Madzi

Lacquer yopangidwa ndi madzi ndi mtundu watsopano wa lacquer womwe umakhala wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha chilengedwe. Ndilofanana ndi lacquer ya nitrocellulose ponena za kuyanika kwake, koma imakhala ndi madzi m'malo mwa zosungunulira. Lacquer yopangidwa ndi madzi ndi yabwino kwa iwo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala enaake ndipo amafuna nthawi yowuma mofulumira. Miyezo ya sheen ya lacquer yochokera m'madzi ndiyokhazikika ndipo imaphatikizapo lathyathyathya, matte, satin, ndi gloss.

3. Pre-Catalyzed Lacquer

Pre-catalyzed lacquer ndi mtundu wa lacquer womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri m'masitolo ogulitsa matabwa. Ndi mankhwala a magawo awiri omwe amayamba kuchiza atangosakaniza mbali ziwirizo. Mtundu uwu wa lacquer umatanthawuza kunyamula mlingo wolimba wa chitetezo ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kutsiriza kwapamwamba. Lacquer pre-catalyzed imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sheen, kuphatikiza flat, satin, ndi gloss.

4. Acrylic Lacquer

Acrylic lacquer ndi mtundu wapadera wa lacquer womwe umapereka mapeto osalala komanso osavuta kuyeretsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumaliza bwino, koyera. Acrylic lacquer imalola kuti zotsatira zosiyanasiyana ziwonjezedwe kumapeto, kuphatikizapo mtundu ndi maonekedwe. Miyezo ya sheen ya acrylic lacquer imaphatikizapo lathyathyathya, matte, satin, ndi gloss.

5. Kutembenuza Varnish Lacquer

Kutembenuza varnish lacquer ndi mtundu wa lacquer umene uli pakati pa chikhalidwe lacquer ndi polyurethane yamakono. Ndi gawo la magawo awiri omwe amatanthauza kuteteza ndi kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni. Kutembenuka kwa varnish lacquer ndikokhazikika kwambiri ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumaliza kwanthawi yayitali. Miyezo ya sheen ya mtundu uwu wa lacquer imaphatikizapo matte, satin, ndi gloss.

Zomwe zili mu Mix: The Nitty-Gritty of Common Lacquer Solvents & Additives

Lacquer ndi matabwa otchuka omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ndiwomaliza komanso wokhazikika womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mipando kupita ku zida zoimbira. Komabe, kupanga lacquer kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingakhale zovulaza thanzi la munthu. Nazi zina mwazosungunulira zomwe zimapezeka mu lacquer:

• Toluene: Chosungunulirachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu lacquer chifukwa chimasanduka nthunzi msanga ndipo chimasiya kutha bwino. Komabe, ilinso ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo ingayambitse mutu, chizungulire, ngakhale kukomoka ngati itakowetsedwa kwambiri.
• Xylenes: Zosungunulirazi ndi zofanana ndi toluene ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi izo. Zimakhalanso ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo zingayambitse matenda opuma, mutu, ndi chizungulire.
• Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK): Zosungunulirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira mafakitale chifukwa zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pakusungunula utomoni ndi zipangizo zina. Komabe, imathanso kuyaka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuyambitsa kuyabwa pakhungu komanso kupuma ngati itakoka mpweya.
• Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK): Chosungunulira ichi ndi chofanana ndi MEK ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi nacho. Zimakhalanso zoyaka kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kuyabwa pakhungu komanso kupuma.
• Formaldehyde: Chowonjezera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu ina ya lacquer kuti iwume mwachangu. Komabe, ndi carcinogen yodziwika bwino ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta za kupuma ngati itakoka mpweya.
• Methanol: Chosungunulirachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu lacquer chifukwa chimatulutsa nthunzi mwachangu ndikusiya kutha kosalala. Komabe, ilinso ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo ingayambitse khungu, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, ngakhale imfa ngati italowetsedwa.

Zowonjezera Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Lacquer

Kuphatikiza pa zosungunulira, lacquer imakhalanso ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe ake. Nazi zina mwazowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka mu lacquer:

• Plasticizers: Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kuti lacquer ikhale yofewa komanso yosagwirizana ndi kusweka ndi kusenda.
• UV Stabilizers: Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kuteteza lacquer ku zotsatira zowononga za kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mitundu ina ya kuwala kwa UV.
• Zowumitsira: Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kufulumizitsa kuyanika ndikuwongolera kulimba ndi kulimba kwa kumaliza.
• Nkhumba: Zowonjezera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa lacquer mtundu wake ndipo zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa.
• Resins: Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kumangirira zosakaniza zina pamodzi ndikuwongolera kumamatira ndi kulimba kwa mapeto.

Kodi Lacquer Ndi Wood Yoyenera Ikutha Kwa Inu?

• Lacquer ndi mapeto osunthika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matabwa, kuchokera ku matabwa olimba kupita ku cypress.
• Kupaka lacquer ndikosavuta ndipo kumafuna zida zochepa. Mukhoza kuchipaka ndi burashi kapena kupoperapo.
• Lacquer imauma mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malaya angapo munthawi yochepa.
• Nthawi yowumitsa mwachangu imatanthauzanso kuti mutha kuyenda pansi pomaliza patatha maola angapo mutayigwiritsa ntchito.
• Lacquer ndi njira yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mapeto ena, monga mafuta opangira mafuta.
• Lacquer imapezeka kwambiri ndipo imabwera muzosankha zambiri, malingana ndi mtundu wa nkhuni ndi mapeto omwe akufuna.
• Lacquer imapanga mapeto olimba komanso olimba omwe angakhalepo kwa zaka zambiri.

Kusankha Kumaliza Kwabwino Kwambiri Pamitengo Yanu

• Ganizirani mtundu wa nkhuni zomwe mukumaliza ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna kuti mukwaniritse.
• Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu nkhuni musanagwiritse ntchito kumapeto kuti mupewe zovuta.
• Yesani zomaliza zosiyanasiyana pagawo laling'ono la nkhuni kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukusangalala ndi zotsatira zake.
• Malingana ndi nkhuni ndi mapeto ake, mungafunikire kuyika malaya angapo kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna komanso olimba.
• Nthawi zonse mulole kumaliza kuuma kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito malaya owonjezera kapena kuyenda pansi.
• Ganizirani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira iliyonse yomaliza musanapange chisankho chomaliza.

Kutsiliza

Chifukwa chake, ndiye lacquer kwa inu- chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba kuti muteteze ndi kuzikongoletsa. Lacquer yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo ili ndi mbiri yakale yochokera ku nthawi zakale. 

Tsopano muyenera kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa lacquer ndi varnish, ndi chifukwa chake lacquer ndi yabwino kusankha kumaliza. Choncho, pitirizani kuyesa!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.