Latex ndi khola kubalalitsidwa (emulsion) wa polima microparticles mu amadzimadzi sing'anga. Ma latex amatha kukhala achilengedwe kapena opangidwa.
Itha kupangidwa mopanga polima polima monoma monga styrene yomwe yapangidwa emulsified ndi surfactants.
Latex monga momwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe ndi madzi amkaka omwe amapezeka mu 10% ya zomera zonse zamaluwa (angiosperms).
Mu positi iyi tikambirana:
Kodi mu Latex ndi chiyani?
Latex ndi polima wachilengedwe wopangidwa ngati zinthu zamkaka zomwe zimapezeka mu khungwa la mphira mitengo. Izi zimapangidwa ndi emulsion ya hydrocarbon, yomwe ndi yosakanikirana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mphuno ya latex imapangidwa ndi timinyewa ting'onoting'ono, ngalande, ndi machubu omwe amapezeka m'khungwa lamkati la mtengowo.
Banja la Rubber
Latex ndi mtundu wa rabala womwe umachokera kumitengo ya raba, yomwe ili m'gulu la banja la Euphorbiaceae. Zomera zina m'banjali ndi monga milkweed, mabulosi, dogbane, chicory, ndi mpendadzuwa. Komabe, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa latex umachokera ku mtundu wa Hevea brasiliensis, womwe umachokera ku South America koma umakhala bwino m'mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia monga Thailand ndi Indonesia.
Njira Yokolola
Pofuna kukolola latex, ma tapper amadula makungwa a mtengo motsatizana ndi kutolera timadzi ta mkaka tomwe tatuluka. Njirayi siiwononga mtengo, ndipo imatha kupitiriza kupanga latex kwa zaka 30. Latex imakhala yosasunthika, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe.
Zolemba
Latex imapangidwa ndi pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya tinthu ta rabala, 60 peresenti ya madzi, ndi 10 peresenti ya zinthu zina monga mapuloteni, utomoni, ndi shuga. Mphamvu ndi kusungunuka kwa latex zimachokera ku mamolekyu aatali a tinthu ta rabala.
Zinthu Zapakhomo Pamodzi
Latex imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo, kuphatikiza:
- Magolovesi
- Makondomu
- Balloons
- Magulu a elastic
- Mipira ya tennis
- Matiresi thovu
- Mabele a botolo la ana
Yunivesite ya Bachelor of Science mu Horticulture
Monga munthu yemwe ali ndi Bachelor of Science mu Horticulture, ndikuuzeni kuti njira yopangira latex ndiyosangalatsa. Mukachotsa khungwa la mtengo wa raba, mutha kusokoneza timizera tomwe timavumbulutsa madzi amkaka a latex. Ndizodabwitsa kuganiza kuti chinthu ichi chikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Zowona Zakumene Latex Imachokera
Latex ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu khungwa la mitengo ya rabara, yomwe imachokera ku South America. Madzi amkaka amapangidwa ndi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya madzi ndi 60 mpaka 70 peresenti ya tinthu ta rabala. Zotengera za latex zimakula mozungulira mozungulira makungwa a mtengowo.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mitengo ya Rubber
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya mphira, koma yofala kwambiri ndi mtengo wa raba wa Pará, womwe umakhala bwino m’madera otentha. Nthawi zambiri amalimidwa m'minda ya mphira, komwe amatha kukolola pamlingo waukulu.
Njira Yopangira
Kusandutsa latex kukhala labala kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kugudubuza, kuchapa, ndi kuumitsa. Panthawi ya coagulation, latex imathandizidwa ndi asidi kuti tinthu ta mphira tigwirizane. Cholimbacho chimatsukidwa ndikuwumitsidwa kuti chichotse madzi ochulukirapo ndikupanga mphira wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Synthetic Latex vs Natural Latex
Synthetic latex ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya latex yachilengedwe. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala opangidwa ndi petroleum ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga matiresi ndi mapilo. Ngakhale kuti latex yopangidwa ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kupanga, imakhala yopanda mphamvu komanso yolimba ngati latex yachilengedwe.
Kuphunzira za latex
Monga wolemba ndi Bachelor of Science mu Horticulture, ndaphunzira zambiri za latex ndi katundu wake. Ndikugwira ntchito yokonza mu Ogasiti, ndidapeza kuti latex ndi chinthu chosangalatsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri. Kaya mumakonda mtundu wosavuta wa latex kapena njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira, nthawi zonse pamakhala zambiri zoti muphunzire za zinthu zosunthikazi.
Kukolola Latex: Luso Lochotsa Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana
- Latex ndi madzi amkaka omwe amapezeka mu khungwa la mitengo ya raba, mtengo wolimba wa kumadera otentha womwe umachokera ku mtengo wa rabala wa Pará (Hevea brasiliensis).
- Kuti ayambe kupanga latex, okhotakhota amadula makungwa opyapyala a mtengowo, ndikumavumbula ziwiya za latex zomwe zimakhala ndi madzimadzi.
- Khungwa la khungwa limadulidwa mozungulira, lomwe limadziwika kuti grooves, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti latex ituluke mumtengo ndi kulowa m'kapu yotolera.
- Ntchito yokolola latex imaphatikizapo kugogoda nthawi zonse mtengo, womwe umayamba pamene mtengowo uli ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo umapitirira kwa zaka pafupifupi 25.
Kusonkhanitsa Madzi: Kulengedwa kwa Latex Yaiwisi
- Khungwa likadulidwa, latex imatuluka mumtengo n’kulowa m’kapu yosonkhanitsira.
- Ma tappers amakonda makapu osonkhanitsira, kuwasintha ngati pakufunika kuonetsetsa kuti latex ikuyenda bwino.
- Madzi osonkhanitsidwawo amasefedwa kuti achotse zonyansa zonse ndi kuziika m’migolo kuti azinyamulira.
- Opanga ena amasuta latex kuti asungidwe asanatumizidwe.
Kukonza Latex: Kuchokera Zopangira Zopangira Mpaka Kumaliza Kwazinthu
- Mankhwala a latex asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala angapo kuti achotse zonyansa ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake.
- Gawo loyamba ndi prevulcanization, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutentha pang'ono kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo ndikukhazikitsa zinthuzo.
- Kenako, latex imakulungidwa kukhala mapepala owonda ndikuwumitsa kuchotsa chinyezi chilichonse.
- Asidi amawonjezeredwa ku mapepala owuma kuti achotse zonyansa zonse zomwe zatsala ndikuwongolera zinthu zakuthupi.
- Chomaliza chimaphatikizapo kutenthetsa latex kuti mupange chinthu chomaliza chomwe chakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kufunika Kosokoneza Chomera: Momwe Kukolola Kumakhudzira Mtengo Wamphira
- Ngakhale kukolola latex ndikofunikira popanga mphira, kungathenso kusokoneza njira zachilengedwe za mmera.
- Khungwa la mtengowo lili ndi ngalande zonyamula madzi ndi zakudya m’chomera chonsecho.
- Kudula khungwa kumasokoneza tinjira timeneti, zomwe zingasokoneze kukula ndi thanzi la mtengowo.
- Kuti achepetse vuto la kukolola, okhometsa matabwa amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yokhotakhota nthawi zonse ndikusintha mitengo yomwe amakolola kuti apeze nthawi yoti khungwa lizire.
Kulengedwa kwa Rubber: Kuchokera ku Latex kupita ku Zida
Njira yopangira mphira imayamba ndi kukolola madzi oyera, kapena kuti latex, kuchokera kumitengo ya rabala. Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula makungwa a mtengo ndi kutolera madzi m'mitsuko, njira yotchedwa tapping. Kenako latex imaloledwa kuyenda ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa m'makapu, omwe amaikidwa moyenerera m'mizere kapena mizere yodulidwa mumtengo. Ma tappers amapitilira kuwonjezera makapu pamene kutuluka kwa latex kumawonjezeka, ndikuwachotsa pamene kutuluka kumachepa. M'madera akuluakulu, latex imaloledwa kuti ikhale mu kapu yosonkhanitsa.
Kuyeretsa ndi Kukonza Latex kukhala Rubber
latex ikasonkhanitsidwa, imayengedwa kukhala mphira yomwe ili yokonzeka kugulitsidwa. Kupanga rabara kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo:
- Kusefa latex kuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse
- Kuyika latex yosefedwa mu ng'oma zonyamulira
- Kusuta latex yokhala ndi asidi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ifanane ndi kupanga zingwe
- Kugudubuza latex kuti muchotse madzi owonjezera
- Kuyanika latex yopindidwa kuti muchotse chinyezi chilichonse
- Pre-vulcanization mankhwala mankhwala kuti mphira kukhala cholimba
Kutentha Modekha ndi Kusokoneza Chomera
Kupanga mphira kumaphatikizanso kutentha pang'ono ndikusokoneza mbewu. Izi zimachitika pogogoda mtengowo, zomwe zimasokoneza njira zomwe latex imayenda. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti latex ikuyenda momasuka ndipo imakonda kukhazikika pamalo osonkhanitsidwa. Kenako latex imatenthedwa mpaka kutentha pang'ono, zomwe zimasokoneza chizoloŵezi chachilengedwe cha mmera kuti chiwundane ndi latex. Kutentha kumeneku kumatchedwa prevulcanization.
Final Processing and Production
Lalalo ikakonzedwa ndikuyengedwa, imakhala yokonzeka kupangidwa komaliza. Rabayo amasakanizidwa ndi mankhwala oyenera komanso zowonjezera kuti apange zinthu zomwe zimafunikira, monga elasticity ndi kulimba. Kenako mphirayo amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana monga matayala, magolovesi ndi zinthu zina.
The Synthetic Latex: Pulasitiki Alternative
Kupanga latex yopangidwa kumaphatikizapo njira yosavuta yosakaniza mafuta awiri a petroleum, Styrene ndi Butadiene, pamodzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala omwe amapanga latex. Zotsatira zake zimakhazikika ndikupangidwa kukhala mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera zosowa zenizeni za msika.
Kodi Ubwino Wa Synthetic Latex Ndi Chiyani?
Synthetic latex imapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa latex zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza:
- Nthawi zambiri ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa latex yachilengedwe
- Imapezeka kwambiri pamsika
- Mwachibadwa, imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imapereka kumverera kosasintha
- Imasunga mawonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yayitali
- Sichimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomasuka kugwiritsa ntchito malo otentha komanso ozizira
- Nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi latex yachilengedwe
- Itha kupangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu, kutengera zosowa zenizeni za msika
Zomwe Muyenera Kuziganizira Posankha Pakati pa Natural and Synthetic Latex?
Posankha pakati pa latex yachilengedwe ndi yopanga, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira, kuphatikiza:
- Zofuna zanu zenizeni ndi zomwe mumakonda
- Zopindulitsa ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse wa latex
- Ubwino ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala
- Kampani kapena mtundu womwe umapanga chinthucho
- Mtengo womwe mukulolera kulipira malondawo
Mkangano wa Latex vs Rubber: Kusiyana kwake ndi Chiyani?
Rubber, kumbali ina, ndi chinthu chomalizidwa chopangidwa kuchokera ku latex yachilengedwe kapena yopangidwa. Nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza chinthu chokhazikika, chosalowa madzi, komanso chotanuka chomwe chimakhala ndi ma polymer microparticles mu njira yamadzi. Mawu akuti 'rabala' ali ndi tanthauzo lenileni poyerekeza ndi 'latex,' yomwe imatanthawuza mawonekedwe amadzimadzi a zinthuzo.
Kodi Kusiyana Kwakukulu Ndi Chiyani?
Ngakhale latex ndi mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, pali kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi:
- Latex ndi mtundu wamadzimadzi wa rabara, pamene mphira ndi chinthu chomalizidwa.
- Latex ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zopangidwa kuchokera kumitengo ya rabara, pomwe mphira ukhoza kukhala wachilengedwe kapena wopangidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wopangidwa ndi petrochemical.
- Latex ndi yotanuka kwambiri komanso yosagwirizana ndi kutentha, pomwe mphira ndi wocheperako pang'ono komanso wosamva kutentha.
- Latex nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala ogula, pomwe mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi zomangamanga.
- Latex ili ndi mbiri yapadera yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masauzande ambiri tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza kuphika, pomwe labala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera.
- Latex ndi yabwino kwambiri pochita zivomezi ndipo imagwira bwino m'mizinda yomwe imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi madzi, pomwe mphira ndi yabwino kusungirako ndikusamalira.
Kodi Ubwino wa Latex Ndi Chiyani?
Latex imapereka maubwino angapo poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mphira, kuphatikiza:
- Ndizinthu zachilengedwe zomwe ndi zachilengedwe komanso zokhazikika.
- Ndi zotanuka kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
- Ndiwopanda madzi komanso osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogula ndi mankhwala.
- Ndi yosavuta kupanga ndipo imapezeka mochuluka m'madera otentha.
- Ndi chisankho chodziwika kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ziwengo, chifukwa sichikhala ndi zigawo zofanana ndi zopangira ma rubber.
Kutsiliza
Ndiye muli nazo - zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za latex. Ndi polima wachilengedwe wopangidwa ndi zinthu zamkaka zomwe zimapezeka mu khungwa lamitengo ya rabara. Ndizinthu zabwino zamitundu yonse yazinthu zapakhomo, kuyambira magolovesi mpaka makondomu mpaka mabuloni. Ndiye nthawi ina mukadzafuna chinthu chogwiritsa ntchito, ganizirani za latex!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.
