Magnetic: A Complete Guide to Magnetic Force and Fields

Magnetism ndi gulu la zochitika zakuthupi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi maginito. Mafunde amagetsi ndi maginito ofunikira a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timapanga mphamvu ya maginito, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa mafunde ena ndi nthawi ya maginito.

Zida zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Zotsatira zodziwika bwino ndi maginito okhazikika, omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yamagetsi yosalekeza chifukwa cha ferromagnetism.

Mphamvu ya Magnetic Force

Mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwira ntchito pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikuyenda mumlengalenga. Ndi mphamvu yomwe ili perpendicular kwa liwiro la tinthu mlandu ndi maginito. Mphamvuyi ikufotokozedwa ndi mphamvu ya mphamvu ya Lorentz, yomwe imanena kuti mphamvu (F) ikugwira ntchito (q) yoyenda ndi liwiro (v) mu mphamvu ya maginito (B) imaperekedwa ndi equation F = qvBsinθ, pamene θ ndi ngodya yomwe ili pakati pa liwiro la mtengo ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

Kodi Magnetic Force Imagwirizana Bwanji ndi Zamagetsi Zamakono?

Mphamvu ya maginito imagwirizana kwambiri ndi magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa muwaya, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito kuzungulira waya. Mphamvu ya maginito imeneyi imatha kulimbikitsa zinthu zina pamaso pake. Kukula ndi momwe mphamvu yamagetsi imayendera zimadalira mphamvu ndi njira ya maginito.

Ndi Zida Zotani Zomwe Zimayendetsedwa ndi Magnetic Force?

Mphamvu ya maginito imatha kukhudza zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza:

• Zipangizo zamaginito monga chitsulo, chitsulo, ndi faifi tambala
• Zopangira zinthu monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu
• Ma elekitironi a m'manja mu kondakitala
• Ma particles opangidwa mu plasma

Zitsanzo za Magnetic Force in Action

Zitsanzo zina za mphamvu ya maginito yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndi izi:

• Maginito okopana kapena kukankhana
• Zomata zomwe zimamatira pafiriji kapena pakhomo chifukwa zili ndi maginito
• Ndodo yachitsulo ikukokedwa kupita ku maginito amphamvu
• Waya wonyamula mphamvu yamagetsi ikupatutsidwa kudera la maginito
• Kuyenda kosasunthika kwa singano ya kampasi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito yapadziko lapansi

Kodi Magnetic Force Amafotokozedwa Motani?

Mphamvu ya maginito imafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi a newtons (N) ndi teslas (T). Tesla ndi gawo la mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo imatanthauzidwa ngati mphamvu yogwira ntchito pa waya yomwe imanyamula mphamvu ya ampere imodzi yoyikidwa mu yunifolomu maginito a tesla imodzi. Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu ya chinthucho.

Ndi Mitundu Yanji Yamagawo Ogwirizana ndi Magnetic Force?

Mphamvu ya maginito imagwirizana ndi minda yamagetsi. Munda wamagetsi ndi mtundu wamunda womwe umapangidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ma charger amagetsi ndi mafunde. Mphamvu ya maginito ndi gawo limodzi la gawo la electromagnetic field, ndipo imapangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka magetsi.

Kodi Zinthu Zonse Zimakhala ndi Mphamvu ya Magnetic?

Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Zinthu zokhazo zomwe zili ndi net charge kapena zonyamula mphamvu yamagetsi zimakumana ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Zinthu zomwe zilibe net charge komanso zosanyamula magetsi sizikhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

Kodi Ubale Pakati pa Magnetic Force ndi Conducting Surfaces ndi chiyani?

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Pamene malo oyendetsa ayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito, ma electron pamwamba amakumana ndi mphamvu chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu imeneyi idzachititsa kuti ma elekitironi asunthe, zomwe zidzapangitse mphamvu yapano pamwamba. Inoko, ino ikekala’ko nyeke pangala pa kyelekejo kya mvubu mpata kukwatañana na kitūkijetyima kya mvubu mpata, kulombola’mba udi na mvubu mpata.

Kodi Ubale Pakati pa Magnetic Force ndi Kukula kwa Kuthamanga kwa Chinthu ndi Chiyani?

Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu ndi yolingana ndi kukula kwa liwiro la chinthucho. Pamene chinthu chikuyenda mofulumira, mphamvu ya maginito imakhala yamphamvu.

Mbiri Yosangalatsa ya Maginito

• Mawu akuti “maginito” amachokera ku mawu achilatini akuti “magnes,” omwe amatanthauza mwala wina wapadera womwe umapezeka ku Turkey paphiri la Ida.
• Anthu akale aku China adapeza miyala yofikira, yomwe ndi maginito achilengedwe opangidwa ndi iron oxide, zaka 2,000 zapitazo.
• Wasayansi wa ku England, William Gilbert, anatsimikizira zimene anaziwona m’mbuyomo ponena za mphamvu ya maginito chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 16, kuphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa maginito.
• Wasayansi wachi Dutch Christian Oersted adapeza mgwirizano pakati pa magetsi ndi maginito mu 1820.
• Katswiri wa sayansi ya ku France Andre Ampere anawonjezera pa ntchito ya Oersted, akuphunzira za ubale wa magetsi ndi maginito ndikupanga lingaliro la mphamvu ya maginito.

Kukulitsa Maginito Okhazikika

• M'zaka zoyambirira za maginito, ofufuza anali ndi chidwi chopanga maginito amphamvu komanso amphamvu kwambiri.
• M’zaka za m’ma 1930, ofufuza a ku Sumitomo anapanga aloyi yachitsulo, aluminiyamu, ndi faifi tambala zomwe zinapanga maginito okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa zinthu zilizonse zam’mbuyomu.
• M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ofufuza a Academy of Sciences ku Moscow anayambitsa mtundu watsopano wa maginito opangidwa ndi neodymium, chitsulo, ndi boron (NdFeB), yomwe ndi maginito amphamvu kwambiri omwe alipo masiku ano.
• Maginito amakono amatha kupanga maginito okhala ndi mphamvu mpaka 52 mega-Gauss-oersteds (MGOe), yomwe ndi yayikulu poyerekeza ndi 0.5 MGOe yopangidwa ndi miyala yamalo.

Udindo wa Maginito Pakupanga Mphamvu

• Maginito amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga magetsi, makamaka popanga mphamvu zochokera ku makina opangira mphepo ndi madamu opangira magetsi.
• Maginito amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi, omwe amapezeka muzonse kuyambira magalimoto kupita ku zipangizo zapakhomo.
• Chidwi cha maginito chimachokera ku mphamvu zawo zopanga maginito, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi.

Tsogolo la Maginito

• Asayansi akuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi chitukuko cha maginito, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zapadziko lapansi ndi alloys.
• Neo maginito ndi mtundu watsopano wa maginito omwe ali amphamvu kuposa maginito aliwonse am'mbuyomu ndipo amatha kusintha gawo la maginito.
• Pamene kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa maginito kukukulirakulira, atenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'magulu apamwamba kwambiri aukadaulo.

Kuwona Dziko Losangalatsa la Magnetism

Magnetism ndi chinthu chomwe zida zina zimakhala nazo, zomwe zimawalola kukopa kapena kuthamangitsa zida zina. Mitundu ya magnetism ndi:

• Diamagnetism: Maginito amtunduwu amapezeka muzinthu zonse ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi muzinthuzo. Zinthu zikayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito, ma elekitironi omwe ali muzinthuzo amapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatsutsana ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Izi zimabweretsa kufooka kofooka, komwe nthawi zambiri sikumawonekera.

• Paramagnetism: Maginito amtunduwu amapezekanso muzinthu zonse, koma ndi ofooka kwambiri kuposa diamagnetism. Muzinthu za paramagnetic, maginito a ma elekitironi samayenderana, koma amatha kulumikizidwa ndi maginito akunja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisamakopeke ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

• Ferromagnetism: Mtundu uwu wa maginito ndi wodziwika kwambiri ndipo ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza akamva mawu oti "maginito." Zida za Ferromagnetic zimakopeka kwambiri ndi maginito ndipo zimatha kusunga maginito awo ngakhale mphamvu ya maginito yakunja ikachotsedwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti maginito a ma elekitironi omwe ali muzinthuzo amalumikizana mbali imodzi, ndikupanga mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito.

Sayansi Pambuyo pa Magnetism

Magnetism amapangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka magetsi, monga ma electron, muzinthu. Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa ndi zidazi imatha kufotokozedwa ngati mizere yomwe imapanga mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zilipo komanso momwe zimayendera.

Mapangidwe a zinthu amathandizanso kuti maginito apangidwe. M'zinthu za ferromagnetic, mwachitsanzo, maginito a maginito a mamolekyu amayendera mbali imodzi, kupanga mphamvu ya maginito. Mu zida za diamagnetic, nthawi zamaginito zimakhazikika mwachisawawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufooka kwamphamvu.

Kufunika Kwa Kumvetsetsa Magnetism

Magnetism ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chili ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza. Zina mwa njira zomwe maginito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:

• Magetsi ndi ma jenereta: Zidazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za maginito kupanga zoyenda kapena kupanga magetsi.

• Kusungirako maginito: Malo a maginito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga deta pa hard drive ndi mitundu ina ya maginito yosungirako media.

• Kujambula kwachipatala: Imaging resonance imaging (MRI) imagwiritsa ntchito maginito kuti ipange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za thupi.

• Magnetic levitation: Maginito amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zinthu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamayendedwe ndi kupanga.

Kumvetsetsa maginito ndikofunikiranso kwa asayansi ndi mainjiniya omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zida. Pomvetsetsa mphamvu ya maginito ya chinthu, amatha kupanga zida zokhala ndi maginito apadera pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Kufufuza Maginito a Magnetic mu Zida

Mphamvu ya maginito imatanthauzidwa mu magawo a ampere pa mita (A/m). Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya maginito kumayenderana ndi kuchulukira kwa maginito, yomwe ndi chiwerengero cha mizere ya maginito yomwe imadutsa kudera linalake. Mayendedwe a mphamvu ya maginito amatanthauzidwa ndi vector, yomwe imaloza kutsogolo kwa mphamvu ya maginito pamtengo wabwino womwe ukuyenda m'munda.

Udindo wa Makonda mu Magnetic Fields

Zida zomwe zimayendetsa magetsi, monga mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi maginito. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikamayenda kudzera pa kondakitala, maginito amapangidwa omwe ali perpendicular kumayendedwe akuyenda pano. Izi zimadziwika kuti lamulo lamanja, pomwe chala chachikulu chimalozera komwe kukuyenda komweko, ndipo zala zimapindika molunjika ku mphamvu ya maginito.

Mitundu Yeniyeni Yazida Zamagetsi

Pali mitundu iwiri yapadera ya maginito: ferromagnetic ndi paramagnetic. Zida za Ferromagnetic, monga chitsulo, faifi tambala, ndi cobalt, zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndipo zimatha kupangidwa ndi maginito. Zida za paramagnetic, monga aluminiyamu ndi platinamu, zili ndi mphamvu ya maginito yofooka ndipo sizikhala ndi maginito mosavuta.

The Electromagnetic: Chipangizo Champhamvu Choyendetsedwa ndi Magetsi

An electromagnet ndi mtundu wa maginito omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pa waya. Waya nthawi zambiri amakulungidwa pakati pa chitsulo kapena maginito ena. Mfundo ya maginito a electromagnet ndi yakuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa muwaya, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito kuzungulira waya. Mwa kukulunga waya mu koyilo, mphamvu ya maginito imalimbikitsidwa, ndipo maginito omwe amachokera amakhala amphamvu kwambiri kuposa maginito okhazikika.

Kodi Ma Electromagnets Amayendetsedwa Motani?

Mphamvu ya maginito amagetsi imatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta posintha kuchuluka kwamagetsi komwe kumadutsamo. Powonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamakono, mphamvu ya maginito imatha kufooketsedwa kapena kulimbikitsidwa. Mitengo ya maginito amagetsi imatha kutembenuzidwanso potembenuza kuyenda kwa magetsi. Izi zimapangitsa ma electromagnets kukhala othandiza kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.

Ndi Zoyesa Zina Zosangalatsa Zotani ndi Ma Electromagnets?

Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi sayansi kumbuyo kwa ma electromagnets, pali zoyeserera zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe mungayesere kunyumba. Nawa malingaliro angapo:

• Pangani maginito osavuta amagetsi pokulunga waya mozungulira msomali ndikulumikiza ku batri. Onani mapepala angati omwe mungatenge ndi electromagnet yanu.
• Pangani injini yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito electromagnet ndi batire. Mwa kutembenuza polarity ya batri, mutha kupangitsa injini kuti izungulire mbali ina.
• Gwiritsani ntchito ma electromagnet kuti mupange jenereta yosavuta. Popota waya wa waya mkati mwa mphamvu ya maginito, mukhoza kupanga magetsi ochepa.

Ponseponse, kukhalapo kwa ma electromagnets kuli kothandiza chifukwa kumatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta ndi magetsi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira pazida zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Magnetic Dipoles: Zomangamanga za Magnetism

Magnetic dipoles ndiye maziko omanga maginito. Ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la maginito ndipo limapangidwa ndi maginito ang'onoang'ono otchedwa ma electron. Ma electron amapezeka mu mamolekyu a zinthu ndipo amatha kupanga mphamvu ya maginito. A dipole maginito ndi chabe kuzungulira kwa panopa kuti wapangidwa ndi zabwino ndi zoipa mlandu.

Ntchito ya Magnetic Dipoles

Magnetic dipoles amatenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga ndi ntchito yamagulu ambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka muwaya ndi dera, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito imaperekedwa ndi dera la chipikacho ndi momwe madzi akudutsamo.

Kufunika kwa Magnetic Dipoles mu Medical Science

Magnetic dipoles ali ndi zofunika kwambiri mu sayansi ya zamankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito ang'onoang'ono omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito dipoles mu sayansi ya zamankhwala kumatchedwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI ndi njira yachipatala yomveka komanso yotetezeka yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito dipoles kupanga zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, maginito amatanthauza chinthu chomwe chimakopa kapena kuthamangitsa maginito. Ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwirizana ndi magetsi ndi maginito. Mukhoza kugwiritsira ntchito kusungira zinthu pa furiji kapena kupanga kampasi kuloza kumpoto. Chifukwa chake, musaope kugwiritsa ntchito! Sizovuta monga zikuwonekera. Ingokumbukirani malamulowo ndipo mukhala bwino.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.