Kutola Chitsulo Pamwamba? Ultimate Guide to Metal Preservation

Pickling ndi njira yopangira zitsulo kuti zichotse zonyansa ndikukonzekera pamwamba kuti zithetsedwe kapena kupaka. Njira yodziwika bwino ya pickling ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya acidic kuchotsa zonyansa zapamtunda.

Ndichizoloŵezi chazaka mazana ambiri chomwe chimaphatikizapo njira zingapo zopangira malo osalala, aukhondo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe pickling ndi momwe imasiyanirana ndi njira zina zochizira pamwamba.

Chifukwa chiyani Pickling Metal Surfaces Ndi Ntchito Yodziwika Pazopanga Zamakono

Pickling ndi njira yopangira zitsulo yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya acidic kuchotsa zonyansa zapamtunda kuchokera kuzitsulo, zitsulo, ndi zitsulo zina. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachitsulo kuti apange malo osalala komanso oyera omwe ndi osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito komanso amapereka chitetezo chabwino pakusintha koyipa kokhudzana ndi kusungirako kapena ntchito.

Njira ya Pickling

Njira ya pickling imakhala ndi izi:

• Kukonzekera pamwamba pazitsulo pogaya, kupukuta, kapena kupukuta mapepala kuti muchotse sikelo yowonekera kapena zowonongeka.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito pickling njira pamwamba zitsulo, amene amakhala ndi chisakanizo cha sungunuka mankhwala kuti bwino kuukira ndi kuchotsa zosafunika otsala.
• Kulola zitsulo kuti zilowerere mu njira pickling kwa nthawi ndithu, malingana ndi mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha chitsulo kuzifutsa.
• Kuchotsa zitsulo muzitsulo zosakaniza ndi kuzitsuka bwino ndi madzi kuchotsa asidi otsala.

Kupanga kwa Pickling Solutions

The zikuchokera yeniyeni ya pickling njira zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo kuzifutsa ndi zofunika zenizeni za ndondomeko kupanga. Komabe, njira zopangira pickling zimakhala ndi chisakanizo cha ma asidi, monga hydrochloric acid kapena sulfuric acid, ndi mankhwala ena omwe amathandizira kukolola.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Pickling

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya pickling yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga masiku ano:

• Kutentha kotentha, komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera zitsulo pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya ndondomekoyi.
• Kuzizira kozizira, komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera zitsulo pamtunda wa firiji, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zotsika zachitsulo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pickling yotentha kumakhala kochepa.

Chifukwa chiyani Pickling Ndi Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yochizira Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

Pickling wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri monga njira yokonzekera zitsulo kuti zisinthidwe. M'mbuyomu, zinkachitika pogwiritsira ntchito asidi pamwamba pa chitsulo, zomwe zimawononga bwino ndikuchotsa sikelo kapena zonyansa zina. Masiku ano, pickling ndi njira yamakono yomwe imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo kuti apange malo oyera, opukutidwa omwe alibe chilichonse choipa.

Kodi Pickling ndi chiyani?

Pickling ndi njira yochizira pamwamba yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi kuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse kuchokera kuzitsulo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zitsulo, zomwe zimatchedwa " pickled and oiled . Njira ya asidi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakaniza ya hydrochloric ndi sulfuric acid, kutengera mtundu wachitsulo chomwe chikukonzedwa.

Mitundu ya Zitsulo Zomwe Zingathe Kuzikhetsa

Pickling angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• zitsulo
• Iron
• Mkuwa
• mkuwa
• zotayidwa

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Ndondomeko ya pickling imakhala ndi izi:

• Kupera kapena kupukuta chitsulocho kuchotsa zofooka zilizonse zapamtunda.
• Kukonzekera njira ya asidi kuti ikhale yoyenera komanso kutentha.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi pazitsulo zachitsulo kwa nthawi yochuluka.
• Kuchotsa asidi ndi kutsuka zitsulo ndi madzi.
• Kusunga zitsulo zoziziritsa kukhosi pamalo owuma, ozizira kuti zisawononge dzimbiri.

Kodi Chimatsika Chiyani Panthawi Yokolola?

Kuchuluka kwa mowa wa pickling kumathandizanso pakupanga pickling. Kuchuluka kwa asidi kapena njira yoyambira kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chofulidwa komanso zonyansa zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuchulukira kwa asidi kapena njira yoyambira kumathandizira kuchotsa zonyansa, koma kungapangitsenso kutsika kwapamwamba. Kutsika kwa asidi kapena njira yoyambira kumapereka kutha kwapamwamba kwambiri, koma sikungachotse zonyansa zonse.

Nthawi Yopangira Pickling

Nthawi ya pickling imasiyananso kutengera mtundu wachitsulo chomwe chikuwotchedwa komanso zonyansa zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Nthawi yabwino yopangira pickling imayikidwa ndi wopanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndipo zimatha kusiyana ndi mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo. Ndikofunikira kuti musasiye chitsulo mu zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa izi zingayambitse pickling ndi kuwonongeka pamwamba pa chitsulo.

Zothandizira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pickling

Panthawi ya pickling, chitsulocho chimathandizidwa ndi mayunitsi apadera omwe amalola kuti mowa wa pickling ulowetse pamwamba pa chitsulocho. Zothandizirazi zimatha kukhala ngati mapepala, masikono, kapena mawonekedwe ena omwe amapangidwa kuti alole zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti ziwononge bwino zonyansa zomwe zili pamwamba pazitsulo.

Momwe Mungasankhire Chitsulo Pamwamba: Upangiri wa Gawo ndi Magawo

Khwerero 1: Kukonzekera Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

Pamaso pickling, m'pofunika kukonzekera zitsulo pamwamba. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa mafuta, mafuta, kapena dothi lililonse pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito abrasive. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pamwambapo ndi oyera komanso opanda zonyansa zilizonse zomwe zingasokoneze kukolola.

Gawo 2: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pickling Solution

Kutolera kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi pamwamba pazitsulo. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid. Asidi amachotsa wosanjikiza wa oxide ndi zonyansa zilizonse zomwe zili pamwamba pazitsulo. Njira ya pickling imagwiritsidwa ntchito poviika chitsulo mu njira ya asidi kapena kupaka yankho pamwamba.

Gawo 3: Kulola Pickling Solution kuti igwire ntchito

Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la pickling, ndikofunikira kulola kuti ligwire ntchito kwa nthawi inayake. Nthawi yofunikira pakupanga pickling imatengera mtundu wachitsulo, makulidwe a oxide wosanjikiza, komanso kuchuluka kwa asidi. Kawirikawiri, ndondomekoyi imatenga paliponse kuchokera kwa mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo.

Khwerero 4: Kutsuka Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

Kutolerako kukatha, chitsulocho chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi kuti muchotse asidi otsala. Sitepe iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa asidi aliyense amene watsala pamwamba akhoza kupitiriza kuukira zitsulo ndi kuchititsa dzimbiri.

Khwerero 5: Kusalowererapo kwa Acid Solution

Pambuyo rinsing, pamwamba zitsulo ayenera neutralized kuteteza zinanso mankhwala. Sitepe iyi ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito neutralizing njira pamwamba zitsulo. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kusakaniza soda ndi madzi.

Khwerero 6: Kuyanika Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

Gawo lomaliza la pickling ndi kuumitsa zitsulo pamwamba. Sitepe iyi ndi yofunika chifukwa chinyezi chilichonse chotsala chikhoza kuchititsa kuti chitsulo chiwombe. Chitsulocho chikhoza kuumitsa pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yoyera kapena kuti chiwume.

Ponseponse, pickling ndi njira yosavuta koma yothandiza pochotsa zonyansa pazitsulo. Zimapereka maubwino ambiri, kuphatikiza kupanga malo osalala komanso oyera, kuchotsa sikelo ndi oxide zomwe zili, ndikuwongolera chitsulo chonse. Ngakhale pali njira zina zochitira kuyeretsa zitsulo pamwamba, pickling ndi ambiri ntchito ndipo amapereka zotsatira zabwino.

Pickling Ikalakwika: Zotsatira Zoyipa za Mitsulo Yochulukira Kwambiri

Pickling ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga zitsulo zoyera komanso zopukutidwa. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa asidi pamwamba pazitsulo kuchotsa zinthu zonse zosungunuka ndi zonyansa. Komabe, ngati chitsulocho chazifulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mankhwala omaliza.

Mmene Mungapewere Kukonkha Mochulukitsitsa

Kuti mupewe kutola mopitirira muyeso, ndikofunika kutsatira njira yoyenera yowotchera ndikusasiya chitsulo muzitsulo za pickling kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Malangizo ena opewera kutola kwambiri ndi awa:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito pickling njira yoyenera: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo imafuna njira zosiyanasiyana zokometsera. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera pazitsulo zomwe mukugwira ntchito.

• Kuyang'anira kachulukidwe ka pickling: Yang'anani chitsulo pamene chikuwotcha kuti muwonetsetse kuti sichikhala mu njira kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza koyenera kwa zosakaniza: Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza koyenera kwa zosakaniza muzosakaniza kuti mupewe kuchulutsa kwambiri.

• Kukonzekera zitsulo bwino: Onetsetsani kuti mwakonzekera bwino chitsulo pamwamba musanasankhe kuonetsetsa kuti kusakaniza kwa asidi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana komanso kwathunthu.

• Kuchotsa chitsulo mu njira yowotchera pa nthawi yoyenera: Osasiya chitsulo mu njira yowotchera kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa kufunikira.

Chifukwa chiyani Pickling Ndi Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yochizira Pamwamba Pazinthu Zanu Zachitsulo

Pickling ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito asidi kuchotsa zonyansa pazitsulo. Izi zimapereka maubwino ambiri, kuphatikiza kukhazikika bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito achitsulo. The pickling ndondomeko amachotsa zonyansa monga dzimbiri, sikelo, ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zingapangitse kuti zitsulo ziwonongeke pakapita nthawi. The chifukwa woyera ndi yosalala pamwamba opangidwa ndi pickling zikutanthauza kuti zitsulo bwino kuchita ntchito yake.

Zosavuta Kuwongolera ndi Zoyenera Pazinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Pickling ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta kulamulira yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Kutolerako kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zonyansa kuchokera kuchitsulo, mkuwa, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi ma aluminiyamu. Njira yopangira pickling ndi yabwino popanga malo osalala pazida zotsekemera zomwe zingakhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Amapereka Kumverera Kwapadera ndi Kuyang'ana

Kutolerako kumapereka kumverera kwapadera ndikuyang'ana kuchitsulo chomwe sichipezeka ndi mankhwala ena apamwamba. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zotsika kwambiri mu carbon, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizikhala ndi okosijeni kapena kuwononga pakapita nthawi. Kutolerako kumachotsanso zokutira zilizonse zam'mbuyomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonzekera zitsulo zochizira.

Kumachotsa Zonyansa ndi Zoipa

Kutolera kumachotsa zonyansa ndi zonyansa kuchokera pamwamba pazitsulo, kuphatikizapo dzimbiri, sikelo, ndi zinthu zina. Chakumwa cha pickling chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa chimakhala ndi hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid, yomwe imagwirizana ndi zonyansa kuti ipange wosanjikiza wa oxide womwe ungachotsedwe mosavuta. Kuchuluka kwa asidi ndi oxide wosanjikiza amatsukidwa ndi madzi, kusiya kumbuyo kwaukhondo ndi kosalala.

Kuteteza Ku dzimbiri

Pickling ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ku dzimbiri. Ma pickling amachotsa zonyansa zilizonse zomwe zingayambitse dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsulo kukhala cholimba komanso chokhalitsa. Makampani ambiri amakonda pickling ngati mankhwala opangira zitsulo chifukwa amapereka chitetezo champhamvu ku dzimbiri.

Njira Zina Zopangira Ma Abrasive Surface

Pickling ndi njira ina yopangira mankhwala abrasive pamwamba omwe amatha kuwononga chitsulo. The pickling ndondomeko si abrasive ndipo safuna kukhudza thupi ndi zitsulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala zosalala komanso sizingawononge zinthu zina zomwe zimakumana nazo.

Kodi Pickling Imachotsadi Dzimbiri Pazitsulo Zachitsulo?

Pickling ndi sitepe yofunika pokonzekera zitsulo pamwamba ntchito zina. Zimathandiza kuchotsa dzimbiri kapena mamba omwe angakhale atapanga pamwamba, kupanga malo oyera komanso osakanikirana omwe ali oyenera kukonzanso. Kutengera mtundu wa zitsulo ndi makulidwe a zigawo za oxide, pickling imatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za asidi, monga hydrochloric acid kapena phosphoric acid.

Kufunika Kokolota Moyenera

Ngakhale pickling ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yochotsera dzimbiri pamalo azitsulo, ndikofunikira kuchita njirayi moyenera kuti mupewe zotsatira zoyipa. Ngati njira ya pickling ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kapena ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, imatha kusungunula osati dzimbiri lokha komanso chitsulo chapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chochepa komanso chofooka. Komano, ngati njira ya pickling ndi yofooka kwambiri kapena yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, sizingachotse dzimbiri lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo omwe sali oyenera kugwira ntchito.

Zotsatira Zomaliza: Chitsulo Choyera ndi Chofanana

Pamene pickling ikuchitika bwino, ingathandize kupanga chitsulo choyera komanso chokhazikika chomwe chili choyenera kugwira ntchito zina. Zomwe zimatulukapo zimakhala zopanda dzimbiri ndi mamba, ndipo zimakhala ndi mapeto abwino, opukutidwa omwe amathandiza ntchito zapamwamba. Chotsatira chomalizachi chimatchedwa kuti chofufumitsa, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opangira zitsulo.

Zolepheretsa ndi Kuwonongeka Kwachilengedwe kwa Pickling Metal Surfaces

Pickling ndi njira yomwe imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito asidi, nthawi zambiri hydrochloric kapena sulfuric, kuchotsa zonyansa pazitsulo. Ngakhale kuti imathandiza kuchotsa madontho, dzimbiri, ndi sikelo, imakhalanso njira yonyansa komanso yowononga yomwe ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwazitsulo zina zazitsulo. Njira yothetsera acidic imakhudzidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrogen embrittlement ndi mavuto ena asokoneze khalidwe la mapeto.

Kuvuta Kugwira ndi Kuwongolera Njira Zokolola

Pickling ndi njira yomwe imafuna kuwongolera kwakukulu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mbiri yomwe mukufuna ikukwaniritsidwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulamulira kuchuluka kwa asidi, kutentha kumene ndondomekoyi imachitikira, komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mbali zachitsulo zimasungidwa mu pickle. Zinyalala zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimakhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, matope, ndi mchere wa acidic, zimagawidwa ngati zowopsa ndipo ziyenera kutayidwa pamalo otayirapo kapena kusakanizidwa ndi njira zosalowerera ndale.

Zochepa Zokwanira za Pickling

Pickling si ntchito mitundu yonse ya zitsulo aloyi. Zimawononga kwambiri zitsulo zina, kuphatikizapo aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa, ndipo zimatha kuwononga katundu wawo. Kuonjezera apo, pickling imatha kubweretsa zovuta za reactivity ndi ma alloys ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrogen embrittlement ndi zina zomwe zingakhudze mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza. Zofooka za pickling zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yosafunikira kwambiri yoyeretsera zitsulo, ndipo njira zina zikupangidwira kuti zikhale zomaliza komanso zoyera.

Chemistry Kumbuyo kwa Pickling Solution

Asidi mu pickling solution amakumana ndi chitsulo pamwamba, kusungunula zonyansa ndikupanga malo osalala, oyera. Asidiyo amachotsanso chitsulo chochepa thupi kuchokera pamwamba, chomwe chimathandiza kupanga makulidwe osasinthasintha kudutsa chidutswa chonsecho. Kuchuluka kwachitsulo chochotsedwa kumatengera mtundu wa asidi womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, makulidwe a chitsulocho, komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe chitsulocho chafufuzidwa.

Kufunika kwa Zinthu za Acid

Asidi omwe ali mumtsuko wa pickling ndi ofunika chifukwa amatsimikizira kuti yankho lake ndi lamphamvu bwanji komanso momwe lidzasungunulira zonyansazo mwamsanga. Asidi amphamvu kwambiri amasungunula zonyansa mwachangu, koma amathanso kuwononga chitsulo ngati atasiyidwa munjirayo kwa nthawi yayitali. Chidulo chochepa kwambiri chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chisungunuke zonyansa, koma sichingawononge chitsulo.

Njira Zina Zokondera

Ngakhale pickling ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zitsulo kuti zipangidwe, pali njira zina zambiri zomwe makampani angakonde kutengera zida ndi magawo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirazi zimaphatikizapo kupukuta, kugaya, ndi kuonjezera makulidwe achitsulo kuti apange pamwamba pake. Komabe, pickling imakhalabe njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zabwino kwambiri komanso zotsatira zake zonse.

Kusunga ndi Kusamalira Pickling Solution

Njira yopangira pickling iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma ndikusamalidwa mosamala chifukwa chakuwononga kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kusungidwa m'zidebe zing'onozing'ono kuti zisaipitsidwe ndipo zisungidwe kutali ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyeneranso kukonzedwa ndikugwiritsiridwa ntchito pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino kuti musapumedwe ndi utsi.

Kuwona Njira Zina Zosankhira Potsuka ndi Kukweza Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

Ngakhale pickling ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa ndi kukonza pamwamba pazitsulo zazitsulo, si njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zingapo zina zatulukira zomwe zimapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi pickling yachikhalidwe. M'chigawo chino, tiwona njira zina zodziwika bwino za pickling, ntchito, ubwino, ndi kuipa kwake.

Hydrocleaning

Hydrocleaning ndi njira yamakina yochotsera mafuta, dzimbiri, ndi zonyansa zina pazitsulo. Amadalira majeti amadzi othamanga kwambiri kuti aphulitse zonyansazo, kusiya malo osalala komanso oyera kumbuyo. Hydrocleaning nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi njira yabwino yosungira zachilengedwe m'malo mwa pickling, chifukwa sikudalira ma organic reaction kuti ayeretse zinthuzo. Zina mwazabwino za hydrocleaning ndi izi:

• Palibe chifukwa cha asidi kapena mankhwala ena
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ma aloyi
• Imasiya wosanjikiza wowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda, ndikuwongolera kusanja kwa dzimbiri
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa ndi kukonza ma alloys apadera omwe ndi ovuta kuwachotsa

Komabe, hydrocleaning sangakhale njira yabwino kwa ntchito zonse. Zitha kukhala zodula poyerekeza ndi pickling, ndipo sizingakhale zothandiza pakuchotsa mitundu ina ya zonyansa.

Kuyeretsa Laser

Kuyeretsa kwa laser ndi njira yatsopano yoyeretsera zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito laser yamphamvu kwambiri kuchotsa dzimbiri, mafuta, ndi zonyansa zina. Laser imatha kulunjika bwino malo oipitsidwa, kusiya malo osalala komanso oyera kumbuyo. Kuyeretsa ndi laser nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti ndi njira yolondola komanso yothandiza kuposa kunyamula, chifukwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zowononga m'malo ovuta kufika. Zina mwazabwino zoyeretsa laser ndi monga:

• Palibe chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena makina kuyeretsa
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ma aloyi
• Imasiya wosanjikiza wowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda, ndikuwongolera kusanja kwa dzimbiri
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa ndi kukonza ma alloys apadera omwe ndi ovuta kuwachotsa

Komabe, kuyeretsa kwa laser kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi pickling, ndipo sikungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri pamagulu akulu kapena kupanga voliyumu yayikulu.

Electropolishing

Electropolishing ndi njira yamankhwala yopititsira patsogolo kutha kwa zitsulo. Amadalira electrochemical reaction kuti achotse chinthu chochepa kwambiri kuchokera pamwamba, kusiya mapeto osalala ndi owala kumbuyo. Electropolishing nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati njira yolondola komanso yothandiza kuposa kunyamula, chifukwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kutha kwa magawo ovuta. Zina mwazabwino zazikulu za electropolishing ndi:

• Palibe chifukwa choyeretsa makina
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ma aloyi
• Imasiya wosanjikiza wowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda, ndikuwongolera kusanja kwa dzimbiri
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kutha kwa ma alloys apadera omwe ndi ovuta kuwachotsa

Komabe, electropolishing ikhoza kukhala yokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi pickling, ndipo sikungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazikulu kapena kupanga kwambiri.

Njira Zopaka ndi Zolepheretsa

Kupaka ndi njira zotchinga kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yotetezera kapena kuphimba pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti zisawonongeke dzimbiri ndi mitundu ina ya dzimbiri. Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa kuti ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zotola kapena njira zina zoyeretsera, chifukwa sizichotsa zowononga pamtunda. Komabe, atha kukhala othandiza pazinthu zina zomwe cholinga chake ndikupereka chitetezo choteteza m'malo moyeretsa pamwamba. Zina mwazofala kwambiri zokutira ndi zotchingira njira ndi izi:

• Kupaka mafuta kapena zokutira pamwamba
• Kupaka utoto wamankhwala womwe umalumikizana ndi pamwamba kuti upereke chitetezo
• Kuyika chotchinga chakuthupi, monga filimu yapulasitiki, pamwamba

Ngakhale njira zotchingira ndi zotchinga sizikhala zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa zowotcha kapena njira zina zoyeretsera, zitha kukhala zothandiza pazinthu zina pomwe cholinga chake ndikupereka chitetezero m'malo moyeretsa pamwamba.

Pickling vs Passivation: Kusiyana kwake ndi Chiyani?

Pickling ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zitsulo ndi zitsulo zina kuchotsa masikelo, dzimbiri, ndi zonyansa zina pamwamba. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi kuchitsulo, yomwe imasungunula chigawo cha oxide ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba. Mosiyana ndi passivation, pickling imapanga kusintha kwakukulu kwachitsulo, kumakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe ake ndi maonekedwe ake.

Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa posankha pickling:

• The pickling ndondomeko makamaka ntchito kuyeretsa ndi kukonza zitsulo pamalo owonjezera mankhwala kapena kumaliza.
• Asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pickling amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo ndi zotsatira zomwe akufuna, koma ndi njira yamphamvu ya hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid.
• Pickling ikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha kapena yozizira, kutengera zakuthupi ndi kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri komwe kulipo.
• Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe chitsulocho chimasiyidwa muzitsulo za pickling chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo komanso kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri komwe kulipo.
• Pickling ingakhudze mtundu ndi maonekedwe a ziwalo zina, monga chrome, ndipo zingakhudzenso ntchito ya zigawo zina ngati sizikuchitika bwino.
• Pickling si njira yophweka ndipo imafuna njira zotetezera zoyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha anthu omwe akulandira chithandizocho.

Passivation: Njira Yosavuta komanso Yachilengedwe

Komano, Passivation ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyopanda nkhanza kuposa pickling. Amagwiritsa ntchito nitric acid kapena citric acid kuti apange wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa oxide pamwamba pazitsulo, zomwe zimateteza kuti zisawonongeke. Mosiyana ndi pickling, passivation sikuti amapita pansi pamwamba pa zitsulo ndipo sasintha katundu wa chitsulo.

Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kuzizindikira pa passivation:

• Passivation imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zina kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitundu ina.
• Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa pamwamba pazitsulo kuti muchotse zonyansa zilizonse, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya asidi kuti mupange wosanjikiza wa oxide passive.
• Passivation ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe imachitika pamene zitsulo zina zimawululidwa ndi mpweya kapena madzi, koma zingathekenso kupyolera mwa chithandizo choyenera.
• Passivation ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotetezera zitsulo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zamlengalenga, zamankhwala, ndi mafakitale azakudya.
• Mtundu wa asidi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa passivation umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsulo ndi zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, koma nthawi zambiri ndi njira yofooka ya nitric kapena citric acid.

Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Pickling ndi Passivation

Pano pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa pickling ndi passivation:

• Pickling ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri yopangira zitsulo, pomwe passivation ndi njira yachilengedwe komanso yofatsa.
• Pickling imapanga kusintha kwakukulu kwachitsulo, kumakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kake ndi maonekedwe ake, pamene passivation sikusintha katundu wachitsulo.
• Pickling amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuyeretsa ndi kukonza zitsulo kuti apitirize chithandizo kapena kutsirizitsa, pamene passivation imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza zitsulo kuti zisawonongeke ndi zina zowonongeka.
• Asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pickling nthawi zambiri amakhala amphamvu a hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid, pamene asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa passivation nthawi zambiri amakhala ofooka njira ya nitric kapena citric acid.
• Pickling ingakhudze mtundu ndi maonekedwe a ziwalo zina, monga chrome, pamene passivation sichimakhudza kwambiri maonekedwe a chitsulo.
• Pickling kumafuna njira zotetezera zoyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha anthu omwe akuchita chithandizocho, pomwe passivation ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotetezeka yonse.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, pickling ndi njira yochizira pamwamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa pamwamba pazitsulo. Ndichizoloŵezi chofala pakupanga zamakono ndipo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya acidic kuchotsa zonyansa zapamtunda. Mutha kutola pafupifupi chitsulo chilichonse, koma ndi bwino kukhetsa zitsulo, chifukwa ndizitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Kotero, tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe pickle pamwamba zitsulo, choncho pitirirani ndi pickle kutali!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.