Pyrography: Buku Loyamba la Kuwotcha nkhuni ndi Zikopa

Pyrography ndi pamene mumakongoletsa kapena kupanga zipangizo (makamaka matabwa) ndi zizindikiro zowotcha ndi chinthu chotenthedwa. Zojambulajambula za m'zaka za m'ma 17 zapitirizabe cholowa chake mpaka lero.

Mawuwa amachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti "pur" (moto) ndi "graphos" (kulemba), omwe amatanthauza "kulemba ndi moto". Kuyambira nthawi ya mzera wa Han, idadziwika kuti "zovala za singano zamoto" ku China.

Asanayambe mawu akuti "pyrography", dzina loti "pokerwork" linali litagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kalelo, anthu ankakonda kugwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zotentha kuti agwire ntchito yogulitsa. Monga momwe mungaganizire, inali njira yovuta komanso yayitali kutenthetsanso chinthucho mobwerezabwereza.

Ukadaulo wamakono umapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zoyatsira waya-nib, odulira laser, ndi wopisa nkhuni zolembera.

Kupeza Art of Pyrography

Pyrography ndi luso loyatsira matabwa, zikopa, zitsulo, kapena zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito chida chotenthetsera. Ndi luso lazojambula lomwe lakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo lasintha kukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri masiku ano. Mawu akuti pyrography amachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti "pyro" kutanthauza moto ndi "graphos" kutanthauza kulemba.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Zida za Pyrography

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zida za pyrography: solid-point ndi waya-point. Zida zokhala ndi nsonga zolimba zimatenthedwa pozilumikiza kugwero lamagetsi, pamene zida za waya zimatenthedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera pawaya. Kuthamanga kwamagetsi ndi kuthamanga kwa chida kumatha kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, yomwe ingakhudze ubwino ndi kusalala kwa mizere yopangidwa.

Zida Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Pyrography

Pyrography imatha kupangidwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matabwa, zikopa, zitsulo, ngakhale mitundu ina ya pulasitiki. Mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingakhudze ubwino wa chinthu chomaliza, komanso njira ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Zida zina zingafunike mphamvu yapamwamba kapena yotsika kuti ipange zomwe mukufuna, pamene zina zingakhale ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kumasulidwa panthawi yoyaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chikhale chofunikira.

Udindo wa Technique mu Pyrography

Technique imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a pyrography. Oyamba kumene ayenera kuyamba ndi mapangidwe osavuta ndi njira zoyambira, monga kuwongolera kutentha kwa chida ndi liwiro lake, asanapite ku njira zapamwamba kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kupanga masitayilo kapena masitayelo ena, monga mizere yothina kapena ma curve osalala.

Kufunika kwa Chitetezo mu Pyrography

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Chitetezo ndichofunikira mukamagwira ntchito ndi zida za pyrography. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kumasulidwa panthawi yoyaka, chifukwa chake ndikulangizidwa kuti mugwire ntchito pamalo abwino komanso kuvala chigoba kuti musapume. Ndikofunikanso kusankha chida choyenera cha ntchitoyi, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kungakhale koopsa.

Kutchuka kwa Pyrography

Pyrography yakhala yodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri masiku ano, yokhala ndi zida ndi zida zambiri zomwe mungasankhe. Ndi njira yabwino yopangira mapangidwe apadera komanso okhazikika pamitengo, zikopa, ndi zida zina. Pofufuza pang'ono ndikuchita, aliyense akhoza kupanga mapangidwe abwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito luso la pyrography.

Chiyambi Chamoto cha Pyrography

Pyrography, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pokerwork kapena kuwotcha nkhuni, ndi luso lakale lomwe linayamba kale kwambiri. Magwero a pyrography atha kutsatiridwa ndi anthu a m'mapanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito moto kuti apange zidziwitso pamalo owala. Zotsalira za nkhuni zoyaka moto zomwe zimapezeka m'madera ena a mbiri yakale ku China zimatsimikizira kuti anthu akhala akupanga lusoli kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Mzera wa Han ndi Kupangidwa kwa Pyrography

Mtundu wakale kwambiri wa pyrography ukhoza kuyambika ku Mzera wa Han ku China, cha m'ma 200 BC. Anthu a ku China ankagwiritsa ntchito singano powotcha matabwa ndi zipangizo zina. Njirayi inkadziwika kuti "zovala za singano zamoto" kapena "han pyrography."

Nthawi ya Victorian Era ndi Coined Term Pyrography

Pyrography inakhala chizolowezi chodziwika mu nthawi ya Victorian. Kupangidwa kwa chida cha pyrographic kunadzetsa chidwi chofala pa zojambulajambula. Mawu akuti "pyrography" adapangidwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi wolemba zojambulajambula dzina lake Robert. Mchitidwe wa pyrography unakhala makampani ang'onoang'ono ogulitsa, ndi zidutswa za mpesa za pyrographic zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri lero.

Masiku Ano Pyrography ndi Contemporary Pyrographers

Masiku ano, pyrography imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitengo, zikopa, ndi zida zina. Njira ya pyrography imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotenthetsera kutentha zojambula pamwamba pa zinthuzo. Olemba pyrographer amakonzekera ntchito yawo pojambula zojambulazo pamwamba asanagwiritse ntchito chida kuti apange chomaliza.

Olemba pyrographer amakono monga Tawny Davide ndi Della Noce akupitiriza kukankhira malire a zojambulajambula, kupanga mapangidwe okongola komanso ovuta omwe amasonyeza kusinthasintha kwa pyrography. Njira ya pyrography imakhalabe yodziwika bwino komanso yosasinthika, yomwe idachokera kumasiku oyambirira a mbiri ya anthu.

Pyrography pa Wood: Malangizo, Njira, ndi Chitetezo

Pankhani ya pyrography, si mitundu yonse ya nkhuni yomwe imapangidwa mofanana. Mitundu ina ya nkhuni ndi yosavuta kuigwira kuposa ina, pamene ina imatulutsa zotsatira zabwino. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha matabwa oyenera pulojekiti yanu ya pyrography:

• Mitengo yofewa ngati pine, mkungudza, ndi basswood ndi yabwino kwa oyamba kumene chifukwa imakhala yosavuta kuwotcha ndikukhala ndi njere yabwino, yosalala.
• Mitengo yolimba monga oak, mapulo, ndi chitumbuwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuwotcha koma imatulutsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
• Onetsetsani kuti matabwawo ndi owuma komanso opanda chinyezi kuti musagwedezeke kapena kusweka.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zothiridwa mphamvu kapena zothiridwa ndi mankhwala chifukwa zimatha kutulutsa tinthu toyipa tikawotchedwa.
• Sankhani nkhuni yokhala ndi malo abwino, osalala kuti kuwotcha kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta.

Zida ndi Njira Zopangira Wood Pyrography

Mukasankha nkhuni zanu, ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuyaka! Nawa maupangiri ndi njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukwaniritsa kapangidwe kabwino ka pyrography:

• Gwiritsani ntchito cholembera chapamwamba cha pyrography kapena chida chokhala ndi chosinthira chowongolera kutentha kuti muwonetsetse kutentha koyenera kwa polojekiti yanu.
• Yesetsani pamtengo woyesera musanayambe chinthu chanu chomaliza kuti mumve chida komanso kutentha komwe kumafunikira.
• Tsatirani njere zamatabwa kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso enieni.
• Gwiritsani ntchito dzanja lopepuka ndipo samalani kuti musaunikize kwambiri, chifukwa izi zingapangitse nkhuni kuyaka kwambiri ndikusokoneza mtundu wake.
• Sinthani ku cholembera chozizira kapena ikani cholembera m'madzi ozizira kuti chisatenthe kwambiri ndikuwotcha nkhuni mwachangu.
• Tsukani cholembera nthawi zonse ndi nsalu kuti muchotse phulusa kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tingakhudze ntchito yanu.

Malingaliro Opangira Wood Pyrography

Pyrography pamatabwa ndi njira yotchuka komanso yosavuta yopangira mapangidwe apadera komanso mwambo. Nawa malingaliro opangira kuti muyambe:

• Zojambula zachilengedwe monga mitengo, masamba, ndi zinyama ndizosankha bwino pamitengo yamatabwa ndipo zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kumlingo uliwonse wamaluso.
• Mapangidwe amtundu ngati mayina, mawu, kapena ma logo amatha kuwonjezera kukhudza kwanu pachinthu chilichonse.
• Kudula matabwa, mbale, ndi zinthu zina zakukhitchini ndizosankha zodziwika bwino za pyrography ndikupanga mphatso zabwino.
• Mitengo yakuda ngati mtedza kapena mahogany imatha kusiyanitsa bwino ndi mawotchi opepuka.
• Tsatirani ojambula a pyrography pama media ochezera kuti mulimbikitse komanso malingaliro atsopano.

Chitetezo cha Wood Pyrography

Mofanana ndi zojambulajambula zilizonse, chitetezo ndi chofunikira pankhani ya pyrography pamitengo. Nazi njira zopewera chitetezo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Nthawi zonse muzigwira ntchito pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino kuti musapume mpweya woipa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chigoba kapena chopumira kuti muteteze mapapu anu ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatuluka pakuyaka.
• Sungani chozimitsira moto pafupi ndi ngozi iliyonse.
• Osasiya cholembera chotentha cha pyrography osayang'aniridwa.
• Pumirani nthawi zambiri kuti mupewe kupsinjika kwa maso komanso kutopa kwamanja.
• Lolani cholembera kuti chizizire kwathunthu musanachisunge.

Chikopa: Mulingo Watsopano wa Pyrography

Pankhani ya pyrography pazikopa, zida ndi zipangizo zofunikira ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcha nkhuni. Komabe, pali zosiyana zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Gwiritsani ntchito chowotcha chachikopa, monga momwe kutentha ndi nsonga kumapangidwira kudzakhala kosiyana poyerekeza ndi chida chamatabwa.
• Sankhani chikopa chopyapyala komanso chosalala kuti mugwirepo ntchito, popeza pamwamba pamakhala zovuta kupanga mizere yowongoka ndi mapangidwe ovuta.
• Chikopa chamtundu wopepuka chimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chakuda, pomwe chikopa chakuda chidzatulutsa chizindikiro chopepuka.
• Glovu imatha kuteteza dzanja lanu ku kutentha ndikulola kuti muzilamulira bwino chidacho.
• Awl itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata zojambula pachikopa chisanawotchedwe.

Njira ndi Malangizo

Kujambula pazikopa kumafunikira luso lochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi kuwotcha nkhuni. Nawa malangizo okuthandizani kuti muyambe:

• Yambani ndi kapangidwe koyenera ndikutsata pachikopacho pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera kapena pensulo yopepuka.
• Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito chikopa chachikopa musanagwire ntchito yomaliza.
• Sungani choyatsira pamoto wochepa kuti chisawotchedwe ndi chikopa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kukhudza kopepuka ndikupewa kukanda pamwamba ndi nsonga ya chowotchera.
• Gwirani ntchito pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino kuti musapume utsi uliwonse womwe umatuluka poyaka moto.
• Phimbani madera aliwonse achikopa omwe simukufuna kuwotcha ndi guluu kapena tepi kuti muwateteze.
• Malingana ndi mapangidwe, zingakhale zosavuta kugwira ntchito m'magawo kusiyana ndi kuyesa kuwotcha mapangidwe onse nthawi imodzi.
• Mizere yowongoka imatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito wolamulira kapena mbali ina yowongoka ngati chitsogozo.
• Yesani kutentha kwa chowotchera pachinthu chachikopa musanayambe ntchito yanu.
• Ngati mwalakwitsa, gwiritsani ntchito chiwongolero kapena sandpaper yopepuka kuchotsa chizindikiro choyaka ndikuyambanso.

Ntchito ndi Kudzoza

Pyrography yachikopa imapereka zinthu zapadera komanso zachilengedwe zogwirira ntchito, ndipo pali mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana ndi mapangidwe omwe mungapange. Nazi malingaliro oti muyambe:

• Makatani achikopa achikopa kapena zibangili zokhala ndi zoyambira kapena mayina awotchedwa.
• Masiketi achikopa achikopa okhala ndi mapangidwe apamwamba.
• Pyrography pa zikopa postcards kapena Khirisimasi makhadi kutumiza kwa abwenzi ndi abale.
• Zigamba zachikopa zokhala ndi mapangidwe zidawotchedwa kuti azisokera pa jekete kapena zikwama.
• Mapangidwe opangidwa ndi Bigfoot pazikopa kapena zikwama zachikopa, zolimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito ya wojambula Jan Miller ndi mnzake yemwe adayamba kupanga zinthu zachikopa za Bigfoot.
• Mapangidwe a nyengo yozizira pa magolovesi achikopa kapena zipewa.

Komwe Mungapeze Zambiri ndi Zogulitsa

Ngati mukufuna kuyesa pyrography yachikopa, pali zambiri zomwe zilipo pa intaneti:

• PyrographyOnline.com imapereka maupangiri, zidule, ndi maphunziro makamaka pachikopa pyrography.
• LeathercraftTools.com imapereka zoyatsira zosiyanasiyana zachikopa ndi zida zogulitsa.
• Malo ogulitsa zikopa ndi zamanja amathanso kunyamula zikopa ndi zida zopangira zikopa.
• Mafunso atha kupangidwa kwa ojambula a pyrography omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zaupangiri ndi malangizo owonjezera.

Zida Zamalonda: Pyrography Equipment

Zida za pyrography zafika kutali kwambiri ndi njira zawo zachikhalidwe, ndipo msika wamakono umapereka zosankha zingapo zomwe mungasankhe. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za zida zamakono za pyrography ndi izi:

• Magwero amagetsi amagetsi: Izi zimalola kuyaka mwachangu komanso moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pyrography ikhale yosavuta komanso yachangu.

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsonga: Zida zamakono za pyrography zimapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsonga, zomwe zimalola kuti mapangidwe apadera apangidwe.

• Kumanga kotetezeka: Zida zamakono za pyrography ndizotetezeka mwachibadwa kuposa njira zachikhalidwe, chifukwa sizifuna zipangizo zonyowa kapena moto wotseguka.

Zitsanzo za zida zamakono za pyrography ndi Razertip Dual Burner, Colwood Super Pro II, ndi Burnmaster Eagle. Posankha chida cha pyrography, ndikofunika kuganizira za mtundu wa zinthu zomwe mudzakhala mukugwira ntchito, mtundu wa mapangidwe omwe mukufuna kupanga, ndi zomwe mukuchita.

Mastering Pyrography: Malangizo ndi Zidule za Woodburning

Pankhani ya pyrography, chida choyenera chikhoza kupanga kusiyana konse. Nawa maupangiri osankha chowotchera choyenera ndi malangizo a polojekiti yanu:

• Ganizirani mtundu wa nkhuni zomwe muzigwiritsa ntchito. Mitengo yofewa, monga paini, imafuna kutentha pang'ono ndi nsonga zing'onozing'ono, pamene nkhuni zolimba, monga oak, zimafuna kutentha kwakukulu ndi nsonga zazikulu.
• Sankhani chowotcha chokhala ndi zokonda zosinthika. Izi zidzakuthandizani kulamulira kutentha ndi kupewa kutentha kapena kuwotcha nkhuni zanu.
• Invest in a nsonga zosiyanasiyana. Malangizo osiyanasiyana amatha kupanga zotsatira zosiyana, monga mizere yabwino kapena shading.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chojambula chamanja chomwe chimamveka bwino m'manja mwanu ndipo chimakhala ndi kulemera kwabwino. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa kutopa kwa manja pa nthawi yayitali.

Kukonzekera Wood Yanu

Musanayambe kuyaka, ndi bwino kukonzekera nkhuni zanu bwino. Nawa malangizo ena:

• Sangalalani nkhuni zanu kuti zikhale zosalala. Izi zikuthandizani kuti nsongayo isagwire malo ovuta ndikuwononga polojekiti yanu.
• Pukuta nkhuni zanu ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti muchotse fumbi kapena zinyalala. Izi zidzathandiza kuti nsongayo isatsekeke ndi zinyalala.
• Gwiritsani ntchito pensulo kuti mujambule mapangidwe anu pamitengo. Izi zidzakupatsani inu kalozera kuti mutsatire pamene mukuyaka.

Kuwotcha Njira

Tsopano popeza mwakonzeka kuyamba kuyatsa, nawa malangizo oti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri:

• Yambani ndi kutentha kochepa ndipo pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere ngati mukufunikira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti musapse kapena kuwotcha nkhuni zanu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kukhudza kopepuka poyaka. Kupondereza kwambiri kungapangitse kuti nsonga igwire ndikupanga zizindikiro zosafunikira.
• Gwirani ntchito pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino kuti musapume mpweya.
• Gwiritsani ntchito pliers kapena tweezers kusintha nsonga kapena kusintha chowotcha. Izi zidzakulepheretsani kuwotcha zala zanu.
• Ngati mukufuna kupanga dzenje kapena malo, gwiritsani ntchito nsonga yabwino ndikugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Ndikosavuta kuwonjezera kuwotcha kuposa kuyesa kukonza cholakwika.

Malangizo Otetezera

Kujambula pazithunzi kungakhale kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa, koma ndikofunikira kuyesa chitetezo. Nawa malangizo ena:

• Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito malo osamva kutentha kuti muyatse choyatsira chanu pomwe sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Osasiya chowotchera chanu mosasamala chikayaka.
• Samalani mukamagwira nsonga zotentha kapena zoyatsira.
• Khalani ndi chozimitsira moto pafupi ndi momwe mungathere.
• Ngati simukutsimikiza za njira kapena chida china, chitani kafukufuku kapena funsani malangizo musanayese.

Pyrography: Kuyankha Mafunso Anu Oyaka

Pyrography ndi sing'anga yosunthika yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu ndi njira zambiri. Zina mwa mafomu oyambira ndi awa:

• Kuwotcha nkhuni: zojambula pamitengo
• Kuyatsa zikopa: zojambula zoyaka pachikopa
• Kuwotcha mapepala: zojambula papepala
• Kuwotcha mkungudza: kuwotcha mapangidwe pazipatso
• Kujambula kwa pyrography: kugwiritsa ntchito pyrography kuti muwonjezere shading ndi kapangidwe kake

Ndi zida ziti zofunika ndi zida zofunika kuti muyambitse pyrography?

Kuti muyambe ndi pyrography, mudzafunika zotsatirazi:

• Pyrography cholembera kapena chida
• matabwa kapena zinthu zina zoyaka moto
• Sandpaper kapena zinthu zina zosalala pamwamba
• Kupanga kapena chitsanzo choti muzitsatira
• Chigoba (chovomerezeka) kuti mupewe kutulutsa utsi wapoizoni

Ndi maupangiri ati kwa oyamba kumene omwe akufuna kuyambitsa pyrography?

Ngati ndinu woyamba kufunafuna kuyambitsa pyrography, nawa malangizo oti muwakumbukire:

• Yambani ndi chida choyambirira cha pyrography ndi matabwa kuti mumve zapakati.
• Sankhani kamangidwe kake kapena ndondomeko yoti muzitsatira kuti muphunzire mosavuta.
• Onjezani shading ndi mawonekedwe ku ntchito yanu kuti ikhale yosangalatsa.
• Yesetsani luso lanu pafupipafupi kuti muwongolere ndikuwongolera luso lanu.
• Valani chigoba kuti musapume utsi wapoizoni.

Kodi ndi zolakwika ziti zomwe oyamba kumene mu pyrography?

Zolakwitsa zina zomwe oyambitsa amayamba kupanga pa pyrography ndi monga:

• Osasankha chida choyenera cha pyrography pa ntchitoyi
• Osati mchenga pamwamba pa nkhuni kapena zinthu musanayambe
• Osavala chigoba kuti musapume utsi wapoizoni
• Osachita mokwanira kuti awonjezere luso lawo
• Osapumira kuti asapse

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa pyrography ndi kuwotcha nkhuni?

Pyrography ndi kuwotcha nkhuni ndizofanana. Pyrography ndi luso lowotcha pazinthu zilizonse, pomwe kuwotcha nkhuni ndikuyatsa matabwa. Ku United States, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Ndi maubwino ati ogwiritsira ntchito pyrography ngati sing'anga?

Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito pyrography ngati sing'anga ndi monga:

• Ndi njira yosavuta komanso yoyambira kuphunzira.
• Zipangizo ndi zida zofunika zimapezeka mosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo.
• Pali zitsanzo ndi njira zambiri zomwe zilipo kwa oyamba kumene kuti aphunzirepo.
• Ndi luso laluso lotetezeka poyerekeza ndi zolankhula zina monga kujambula kapena zojambulajambula.
• Zimalola kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe ndi masitayelo apangidwe.

Kutsiliza

Ndiye muli nazo - zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za pyrography. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi zaluso komanso amakonda kuwotcha zinthu. 

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pyrography kuti mupange chilichonse, kuyambira pazithunzi zosavuta kupita ku zojambula zovuta. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzifotokozera komanso kusangalala ndi nthawi yabwino ndi zosangalatsa zomwe mungasangalale nazo moyo wanu wonse.

Werenganinso: chitsulo chowotchera vs chida chowotcha nkhuni cha pyrography

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.