Mitengo Yofewa: Makhalidwe, Zitsanzo, ndi Ntchito

Softwood ndi nkhuni zochokera kumitengo ya gymnosperm monga conifers. Softwood ndiye gwero la pafupifupi 80% ya matabwa padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe malo opangirako amakhala chigawo cha Baltic (kuphatikiza Scandinavia ndi Russia), North America ndi China.

Mitengo yofewa ndi yabwino pomanga chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo komanso kuwongolera mosavuta. Komanso, iwo ndi otsika mtengo kuposa matabwa olimba. Mitengoyi ndi yosinthika ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga zokutira kunja, zopangira mkati, pansi, ndi mipando.

Kuti timvetse kusiyana pakati pa softwoods ndi hardwoods ndi ntchito zawo, tiyeni tifufuze nkhaniyi.

Softwood: Njira Yosiyanasiyana komanso Yotchuka Yomanga ndi Kupanga

Softwood ndi mtundu wa nkhuni zomwe zimachokera ku mitengo ya gymnosperm, monga conifers. Ndizosiyana ndi nkhuni zolimba, zomwe zimachokera ku mitengo ya angiosperm. Mitengo ya Softwood ilibe pores, pamene mitengo yolimba ilibe ngalande za utomoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitengo yofewa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana amkati kuposa matabwa olimba.

Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa Mitengo Yolimba ndi Ma Softwoods

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matabwa olimba ndi softwoods ndi mawonekedwe awo amkati. Mitengo ya Softwood ilibe pores, pamene mitengo yolimba ilibe ngalande za utomoni. Kusiyana kwina kumaphatikizapo:

• Mitengo ya Softwood imakhala yopepuka kuposa matabwa olimba.
• Mitengo yofewa imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa mitengo yolimba.
• Mitengo ya Softwood imapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo imapezeka m'magulu akuluakulu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka pomanga ndi zomangamanga.

Mawonekedwe ndi Makhalidwe a Softwood

Softwood imapereka mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yoyenera yomanga ndi mapangidwe, kuphatikiza:

• Mitengo yofewa ndiyosavuta kupanga komanso kugwira ntchito kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kupangidwa ndikupangidwa mwachangu.
• Softwood ndi yabwino pomanga ndi kumanga, chifukwa ndi njira yokhazikika yopangira mapepala ndi matabwa.
• Softwood ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino panyumba zogona komanso zamalonda chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe ilipo.
• Softwood ndi njira yabwino yopangira zovala zakunja ndi zamkati, chifukwa zimalola kumaliza kosasunthika komanso kothandiza.
• Softwood ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira mapangidwe achikhalidwe kapena amakono chifukwa cha mizere yake yokopa maso ndi ma board ojambulidwa.

Zitsanzo za Mitengo ya Softwood ndi Ntchito Zotchuka

Zitsanzo zina zodziwika za mitengo ya softwood ndi fir ndi hemlock. Softwood imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• Kuyika pakhoma ndi denga, monga VJ paneling ndi mbiri zamakoloni.
• Castelation and batten cladding, yomwe imagwirizana ndi mapangidwe amakono okhala ndi mithunzi ndi mayendedwe.
• Zovala zakunja zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zopanda msoko, zomwe zimadalira mawonekedwe a softwood mosalekeza ndipo amalola kumaliza koyera komanso kwamakono.
• Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, monga matabwa ndi zovundikira mapepala.
• Zosankha zosagwira moto, monga nkhuni zofewa, zomwe ndi njira yabwino yomanga ndi kumanga.

Ngakhale softwoods ndi hardwoods amagawana zofanana, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya nkhuni:

• Kachulukidwe: Mitengo yofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zingakhudze momwe amagwirira ntchito pazinthu zina.
• Kulemera kwake: Mitengo yofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka kuposa matabwa olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito zina.
• Pores: Mitengo yofewa imakhala ndi ma pores akuluakulu kuposa matabwa olimba, omwe amatha kusokoneza ntchito yawo nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mitengo yofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo komanso nyengo yachinyezi.
• Katundu Wamakina: Mitengo yofewa imachokera kumitengo ya gymnosperm, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyana kwambiri ndi makina awo. Mitengo yolimba, kumbali ina, imachokera ku mitengo ya angiosperm, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi makina osakanikirana.

Ponseponse, matabwa a softwood ndi matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso othandiza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomanga, kupanga, ndi kupanga mapepala. Ngakhale sangakhale owundana kapena olimba ngati mitengo yolimba, amapereka maubwino angapo omwe amawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pamapulogalamu ena.

Mitengo ya Softwood ndi Ntchito Zake Zosiyanasiyana

• Paini: Imodzi mwa mitengo yofewa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, paini ndi mitengo yosunthika yomwe imayenera kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomanga ndi zomangamanga. Pali mitundu ingapo ya paini yomwe ilipo, kuphatikiza white pine ndi red pine, iliyonse ili ndi mikhalidwe ndi mikhalidwe yakeyake.
• Spruce: Chisankho china chodziwika bwino pantchito yomanga, spruce ndi nkhuni zolimba komanso zolimba zomwe zimatha kuchita bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma sheet ndi zida zamapangidwe.
• Mkungudza: Wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha njere zake zolimba komanso kumaliza bwino, mkungudza ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomanga ndi zomangamanga. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zakunja, monga zokhotakhota ndi mipanda, chifukwa mwachilengedwe sizimawola komanso kuwola.
• Fir: Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wosiyanasiyana, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pa ntchito yomanga chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafelemu ndi zinthu zina zamapangidwe, komanso zinthu zamapepala ndi zinthu zina zomanga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Softwood

• Zomangamanga: Mitengo yofewa ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri zomangira ndi zomangamanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chilichonse kuyambira pamapangidwe ndi zida mpaka zinthu zamapepala ndi zinthu zina zomanga.
• Kupanga Mipando: Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mipando, makamaka pazidutswa zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zopepuka komanso zosavuta kuyenda. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odziwika bwino kwa ogula omwe amaganizira za bajeti.
• Woodworking: Mitengo ya Softwood ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamatabwa, kuphatikizapo kusema ndi kutembenuza. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito kusiyana ndi matabwa olimba, malingana ndi mtundu weniweni wa nkhuni ndi ntchito yomwe ilipo.
• Kupanga Mapepala: Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, chifukwa amatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapepala. Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti "chingwe chachitali" kapena "chingwe chachifupi" malingana ndi kutalika kwa ulusi mu nkhuni.
• Ntchito Zina: Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zingapo, kuphatikiza ngati gwero lamafuta, kupanga mafuta ofunikira, komanso kupanga zida zoimbira.

Kusiyana Pakati pa Mitundu ya Softwood

• Kulemera kwake: Mitengo yofewa imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhuni. Mitengo ina yofewa, monga mkungudza, ndi yopepuka kuposa ina, pamene ina, monga fir, ikhoza kukhala yolemetsa kwambiri.
• Mtundu: Mitengo yofewa imathanso kukhala yosiyana, ena, monga paini, amawoneka achikasu kapena ofiira, pomwe ena, monga spruce, amakhala oyera kapena opepuka.
• Mbewu: Mitengo yofewa imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, ndi zina, monga mkungudza, zokhala ndi njere zolimba, zofananira, pomwe zina, monga paini, zimakhala ndi njere zotseguka komanso zosakhazikika.
• Kusiyana kwa Zamoyo: Mitengo yofewa imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo kachilengedwe, pomwe ena, monga mkungudza wofiyira wakumadzulo, amakhala opambana potengera kukana kwawo kwachilengedwe pakuwola komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.

Zowonjezera ndi Kufuna

• Mitengo yofewa imapezeka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odziwika bwino pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.
• Mitengo yofewa imapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka kutengera malo ndi nyengo.
• Ma Softwoods nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta kukonza ndikubweretsa kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odziwika m'mafakitale angapo.

Mapulogalamu a Softwood: Zoposa Zomangamanga

Mitengo ya Softwood imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pomanga ndi kupha nyama chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake. Zina mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kumanga ndi pansi
• Kupanga zida ndi kukonza zida
• Miyendo ndi mizati
• Zolemba ndi mizati

Softwood imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga plywood, yomwe ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino pakumanga ndi kupanga mipando.

Kumaliza Mapulogalamu

Softwood ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino pakumaliza ntchito chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kukwanitsa. Zina mwazofala kwambiri zomaliza ntchito ndizo:

• Makomo ndi windows
• Kuumba ndi kudula
• Makabati ndi mipando
• Decking ndi mpanda

Softwood imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapepala ndi zamkati, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Ntchito Zachigawo

Softwood imabzalidwa m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Scandinavia, dera la Baltic, ndi North America. Dera lirilonse liri ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zamatabwa a softwood. Zina mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'chigawo ndi:

• Scandinavia: Softwood imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kupanga mipando chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake.
• Dera la Baltic: Softwood imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala ndi zamkati, komanso kumanga ndi kupanga mipando.
• North America: Softwood imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pomanga ndi kumaliza ntchito, komanso kupanga mapepala ndi zamkati.

Chifukwa chiyani Softwoods Ndiabwino Kwambiri Kumanga

Mitengo yofewa, monga mkungudza ndi pini, amapezeka mosavuta komanso amasinthidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchuka pomanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kupanga mapangidwe amkati, kupanga zinthu ngati plywood, komanso ntchito zakunja monga mipanda ndi mapaleti. Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukweza makoma amkati m'nyumba.

Mitengo ya Softwood ndi Yotsika mtengo

Mitengo yofewa imakhala yocheperako komanso yopepuka kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika mtengo kwamayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa. Zimakhalanso zofulumira kukula, zomwe zimawapanga kukhala chisankho chokhazikika chomanga.

Softwoods ndi Chokhazikika

Ngakhale mitengo yofewa sangakhale yolimba ngati mitengo yolimba, imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali ikachitidwa bwino. Mitengo yofewa imatha kuyikidwa ndi biocides kuti iwonjezere kukana kwawo kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kunja.

Softwoods for Mipando: Lingaliro Labwino Kapena Kugulitsa Mwangozi?

Mukafuna mitengo yofewa yopanga mipando, ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe ake apadera. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Mitundu ya Softwood: Mitengo ina yotchuka yopangira mipando ikuphatikizapo pine, mkungudza, ndi fir.
• Mbewu ndi mtundu: Njere za Softwood zimakhala zokhazikika kuposa nkhuni zolimba, koma mtundu ukhoza kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhuni.
• Kudziwa kufananiza: Ngati mukufuna mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungafanane ndi njere zamatabwa ndi mtundu.
• Kupezeka kwanuko: Mitengo ya Softwood imapezeka mosavuta m'masitolo am'deralo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuyambitsa ntchito yopanga mipando.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa Kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mitengo Yofewa Pamipando

Softwoods amapereka maubwino angapo pankhani yopanga mipando, koma palinso zovuta zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira:

ubwino:

• Zotsika mtengo: Mitengo yofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo kwa iwo omwe ali ndi bajeti.
• Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: Mitengo yofewa ndi yofewa komanso yosavuta kudula komanso mawonekedwe kuposa mitengo yolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chabwino kwa oyamba kumene kapena omwe alibe mwayi wopeza akatswiri. zida zopangira matabwa (izi ndi zofunika).
• Zimapezeka mosavuta: Mitengo ya Softwood imapezeka kwambiri m'masitolo a hardware, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzipeza kwa omwe akufuna kuyamba ntchito yopanga mipando.

kuipa:

• Osakhazikika: Mitengo yofewa siili yolimba ngati matabwa olimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangakhale amphamvu kapena olimba pakapita nthawi yayitali.
• Mphete zakukula: Mitengo yofewa imakhala ndi mphete zokulirapo zomwe zimabwereza mosasinthasintha, zomwe zingawapangitse kuti aziwoneka ocheperako kuposa mitengo yolimba.
• Veneer wosanjikiza: Mitengo yofewa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tsinde lomwe limatha kukhala losagwirizana ndipo silingawoneke bwino ngati matabwa olimba akadetsedwa.

Momwe Mungawonetsetse kuti Mipando Yofewa Ndi Yamphamvu komanso Yokhazikika

Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yofewa popanga mipando, pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti mipando yanu ikhale yamphamvu komanso yolimba:

• Dulani matabwa m'njira yoyenera: Mitengo yofewa imakhala yamphamvu komanso yolimba ikadulidwa m'mbali mwa njere.
• Yang'anani mfundo: Mafundo amatha kufooketsa nkhuni, choncho ndikofunika kuti muyambe kufufuza ngati musanayambe ntchito yanu.
• Yang'anani nkhuni: Yang'anani fungo lililonse lachilendo kapena mawonekedwe a fulorosenti omwe angasonyeze kuti nkhuni si zabwino.
• Tsatirani njira zabwino zomangira: Carina Jaramillo, wopanga mipando, amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira ndi zomangira kuti mipandoyo ikhale yamphamvu komanso yolimba.
• Gwiritsani ntchito nkhuni zofewa kapena zowonongeka: Mitundu iyi ya softwoods imakhala yamphamvu komanso yolimba kuposa mitengo yofewa yatsopano.

Momwe Mungadziwire Mitengo Yosavuta Yopangira Mipando

Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungazindikire mitengo yofewa yopangira mipando, nayi malangizo:

• Softwood imakhala ndi pore yotseguka, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa.
• Softwood imawonjezera kumverera kwa kutentha kwa mipando, koma imathanso kuwoneka yosagwirizana ikadetsedwa.
• Mkungudza ndi nkhuni yotchuka yopangira mabwato chifukwa imakhala yamphamvu komanso yolimba kuposa mitengo ina yofewa.
• Fufuzani mitundu yeniyeni ya nkhuni zofewa: Mwachitsanzo, fir ndi nkhuni zofewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando chifukwa zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zolimba kuposa mitengo ina yofewa.

Hardwood vs Softwood Density: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Kuti mumvetse bwino kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe pakati pa hardwoods ndi softwoods, apa pali zitsanzo za aliyense:

• Mitengo yolimba: ebony, rosewood, mtedza, phulusa
• Mitengo yofewa: paini, spruce, poplar

Momwe Kachulukidwe Kakakulu Kamathandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mitengo Yolimba ndi Mitengo Yofewa

Kuchulukana kwa nkhuni kumathandizira kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake m'njira zingapo. Nazi zitsanzo:

• Mitengo yolimba nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimafuna matabwa olimba omwe amatha kupirira kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kumanga chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kudula ndi kupangidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pakupanga ndi magawo ena anyumba.
• Mitengo yofewa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zamapepala, monga nyuzipepala ndi magazini, chifukwa cha ulusi wawo wautali, wowongoka.

Mitengo ya Deciduous vs Evergreen

Magulu a matabwa olimba ndi softwoods samachokera pa masamba kapena mbewu za mtengo, koma m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa nkhuni. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitengo yophukira ndi yobiriwira yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuzindikira mtundu wa nkhuni:

• Mitengo yodula, monga mtedza ndi phulusa, imakhala ndi nkhuni zakuda kuposa mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse.
• Mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, monga paini ndi spruce, imakhala ndi matabwa amitundu yopepuka.
• Mitengo yophukira imataya masamba ake m'dzinja, pamene mitengo yobiriwira imasunga masamba chaka chonse.

Kutsiliza

Chifukwa chake muli nazo - matabwa ofewa ndi osinthasintha, otchuka, komanso abwino pomanga chifukwa ndi osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito ndipo safuna mphamvu zambiri ngati matabwa olimba. Ndiabwino pamakoma akunja ndi denga, ndipo ndiabwino kumangomaliza amkati. Komanso, ndi abwino kwa nyumba zogona komanso zamalonda. Choncho musaope kuzigwiritsa ntchito!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.