Zida? Upangiri Wokwanira wa Mitundu ndi Ntchito za DIY

Chida ndi chinthu chilichonse chakuthupi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga, makamaka ngati chinthucho sichinadyedwe. Mwamwayi, mawuwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza njira kapena ndondomeko yokhala ndi cholinga china.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto, ndipo amatithandiza kuchita zinthu. Zida zingakhale chirichonse kuchokera ku miyala yosavuta kupita ku matekinoloje ovuta. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuyambira zaka za Paleolithic.

Tiyeni tiwone mbiri ya zida ndi momwe zidasinthira pakapita nthawi.

Kodi Kutchula Chinachake Ndi Chida Kumatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Tikamakamba za chida, tikunena za chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi kuti chikwaniritse cholinga. Tanthauzo la mawu akuti “chida” limaposa chinthu chomwe chinganyamulidwe kapena kugwiridwa. Chida choyenera ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha momwe zinthu zilili, kapena kusintha chilengedwe m'njira yabwino kwambiri.

Tanthauzo Lathupi la Chida

Chida ndi chinthu chakuthupi chomwe chimatha kuyendetsedwa ndi thupi. Ndi chinthu chakunja, chosalumikizidwa chomwe chimatha kusinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi cholinga china. Zida ndi zida zomwe zimakulitsa kuthekera kwa thupi kukwaniritsa cholinga, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha zinthu zopanda moyo kapena chilengedwe kuti zitheke kukwaniritsa cholingacho.

Tsogolo la Zida

Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, tanthauzo la chida likhoza kusintha. Titha kuwona zida zomwe sizilinso zinthu zakuthupi, koma zachilengedwe kapena zosinthika mwanjira ina. Komabe, tanthauzo lalikulu la chida lidzakhalabe lofanana- chinthu kapena njira yokwaniritsira cholinga.

Kusintha kwa Zida: Kuchokera ku Miyala Yosavuta kupita ku Complex Technologies

• Mosakayikira, zida zoyamba zidapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala.
• Zida zoyamba zopangidwa ndi miyalazi zidapangidwa zaka 2.6 miliyoni zapitazo.
• M'masiku amenewo zida zamwala zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posaka ndi kupulumuka.
• Zida zamwala zakale kwambiri zidapezeka ku Africa ndipo zidayambanso nthawi ya Paleolithic.
• Cholinga chachikulu cha zidazi chinali kupha mitembo ya nyama ndi kukonza nyama kuti idye.
• Zida zoyambirira zamwala zinali zopepuka, zakuthwa zakuthwa zomwe zimatha kudula njere zolimba za nyama zakuthengo.

Kusintha kwa Zida za Stone

• Pamene anthu adasinthika, zida zawo zidayambanso.
• Kwa zaka zambiri, zida zamwala zidakhala zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza zomangamanga ndi kusema.
• Mitundu yeniyeni ya zida zamwala inali yosiyana malinga ndi zipangizo zomwe zilipo komanso ntchito yofunikira.
• Zida zodziwika bwino za mwala zinali ndi nkhwangwa zamanja, scrapers, ndi mivi.
• Zida zamwala zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu posaka, kusodza, ndi kukonza chakudya.

Kutuluka kwa New Technologies

• Kupangidwa kwa uta ndi muvi kunali sitepe yofunika kwambiri pa luso losaka nyama.
• Zofukulidwa m’mabwinja zimasonyeza kuti uta ndi muviwu unaonekera zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo.
• Gudumu linapangidwa chapanthawi yomweyo ku Mesopotamiya, komwe kunasintha kwambiri zamayendedwe ndi zomangamanga.
• Zida zachitsulo zidapangidwa kuzungulira 1st millennium BC, zomwe zidalowa m'malo mwa zida zamwala m'malo ambiri.
• Upholstery regulator idapangidwa ku Combarelles, France, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kusema mafupa a nyama.

Kufunika kwa Zida M'mbiri ya Anthu

• Zida zidatenga gawo lofunikira pakusinthika kwamunthu komanso chitukuko cha chitukuko.
• Kutha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida kumasiyanitsa anthu ndi zamoyo zina.
• Anthropologists amaphunzira zida mozama kuti athe kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo komanso kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chikhalidwe ndi mbiri.
• Kupeza kwa zida zosiyanitsa mu digs kumasonyeza kuti hominins anali osiyana chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale wina ndi mzake.
• Kuphunzira kwa zida kumakankhiranso mmbuyo masiku a chisinthiko cha anthu ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu ina ya anyani.
• Zida zakale kwambiri zinali zowonongeka, zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosasinthidwa, koma pamene teknoloji inayamba, zida zinakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino.

Zida: Chitsogozo cha Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

Zikafika pazida zoyambira, pali mitundu ingapo yomwe mwininyumba aliyense ayenera kukhala nayo m'galimoto yawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ma screwdrivers: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasula kapena kumangitsa zomangira ndipo zimabwera mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe kuti zigwirizane ndi mutu wa screw.
• Nyundo (mitundu yosiyanasiyana yafotokozedwa apa): Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhomerera misomali kapena kuswa zinthu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyundo, kuphatikizapo nyundo zokhotakhota, nyundo za mpira, ndi nyundo sledgehammers (takambirana zabwino kwambiri pano).
• Wrenches: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangitsa kapena kumasula mabawuti ndi mtedza. Amabwera mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi bolt kapena nati.

Zida Zodula

Zida zodulira zimapangidwira kupanga njira yobwerezabwereza yodula ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama projekiti a DIY. Zitsanzo za zida zodulira ndi izi:

• Macheka: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga matabwa, zitsulo ndi pulasitiki. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya macheka, kuphatikizapo macheka amanja, macheka ozungulira, ndi ma jigsaw.
• Mabala: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zinthu zopyapyala monga mapepala, makatoni, ndi nsalu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, kuphatikiza mipeni, mipeni, ndi scalpels.
• Masikisi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zinthu monga mapepala, nsalu, ndi mawaya. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lumo, kuphatikizapo lumo wamba, masiketi a pinki, ndi odulira mawaya.

Glue ndi Zida Zogwirira

Glue ndi zida zogwirira zimapangidwira kuti zithandizire kugwirizanitsa zinthu pamodzi panthawi yopanga. Zitsanzo za guluu ndi zida zogwirira ndi monga:

• Makapu: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa zinthu pamodzi pamene guluu liuma. Zimabwera mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwiridwa.
• Mfuti za Glue: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka guluu wotentha kuzinthu. Zimabwera mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito.
• Tepi: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga zinthu pamodzi kwakanthawi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tepi, kuphatikizapo masking tepi, duct tepi, ndi magetsi.

Zida Zamagetsi

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Zida zamagetsi zimapangidwira kugwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi ntchito zamagetsi. Zitsanzo za zida zamagetsi ndi izi:

• Waya strippers: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvula mawaya otsekera. Amabwera mosiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi waya womwe akuvulidwa.
• Multimeter: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mphamvu zamagetsi monga magetsi, magetsi, komanso kukana.
• Pliers: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ndikuwongolera mawaya. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pliers, kuphatikizapo singano-nose pliers, lineman's pliers, ndi diagonal pliers.

Zida Zaukadaulo

Zida zamaluso zimapangidwira iwo omwe amagwira ntchito zamalonda kapena amafuna zida zantchito yawo. Zitsanzo za zida zamaluso ndi izi:

• Zida zamagetsi: Izi ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi kapena batire. Amaphatikizapo kubowola, macheka, ma sanders, ndi zina zambiri.
• Seti: Izi ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito inayake kapena malonda. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo zida zamakanika, zida za akatswiri amagetsi, ndi zida za plumber.
• Bits: Izi ndi zomata za zida zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kubowola, screwdriver bits, ndi ma router bits.

Zida Zachitetezo

Zida zotetezera zimapangidwira kuteteza wogwiritsa ntchito kuvulazidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida. Zitsanzo za zida zotetezera ndizo:

• Magolovesi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza manja kuti asadulidwe, kukwapula, ndi kuvulala kwina.
• Magalasi oteteza maso: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza maso ku zinyalala zowuluka kapena zoopsa zina.
• Zotsekera m’makutu: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza makutu ku maphokoso aakulu omwe angawononge.

Zida Zofunikira Pazantchito Zanu Zapanyumba za DIY

Zikafika pama projekiti a DIY kuzungulira nyumba, kukhala ndi zida zoyenera ndikofunikira. Nazi zida zamanja zomwe zili zofunika m'bokosi lililonse:

• Ma Screwdrivers (Phillips ndi Robertson): Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa zomangira ndi kukonza mipando.
• Pliers: Izi zimakhala zothandiza kugwira ndi kukokera misomali kapena kuchotsa timitengo tating'ono.
• Nyundo: Nyundo yabwino ndiyofunika kumamatira ndi kuchotsa misomali komanso kunyamula zinthu.
• Wrench: Chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangitsa ndi kumasula mabawuti ndi mtedza.
• Pry bar ndi wedge: Izi ndi zothandiza pochotsa midadada kapena matabwa osalimba.

Zida Zamagetsi

Ngakhale zida zamanja ndizothandiza kwambiri, zipangizo zamagetsi zitha kupanga ma projekiti anu a DIY kukhala osavuta komanso mwachangu. Nazi zida zamphamvu zomwe mungafune kuziwonjezera mu bokosi lanu la zida:

• Kubowola: Ichi ndi chinthu choyenera kukhala nacho pa ntchito iliyonse yomanga. Zimakuthandizani kupanga mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuyika zomangira mosavuta.
• Circular saw: Chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga macheka owongoka mumitengo, ndipo ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Jigsaw: Chida ichi ndi chofanana ndi macheka ozungulira, koma chimakupatsani mwayi wocheka movutikira.
• screwdriver-powered battery: Chida ichi chimayenda pa batire yochangidwanso ndipo ndi yabwino kuyika zomangira mwachangu komanso mosavuta.

Safety zida

Kugwira ntchito ndi zida kungakhale koopsa, choncho ndikofunika kukhala okonzeka komanso kuchita zinthu mosamala. Nazi zinthu zina zachitetezo zomwe muyenera kukhala nazo nthawi zonse:

• Magalasi otetezera: Awa amateteza maso anu ku zinyalala zowuluka ndi utuchi.
• Magolovesi: Izi zikuthandizani kugwira zida ndikuteteza manja anu ku mabala ndi zokala.
• Chigoba cha fumbi (zabwino zomwe zawunikidwa apa): Izi zidzakulepheretsani kutulutsa utuchi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Zida Zoyenera Pantchito

Zikafika pama projekiti a DIY, kukhala ndi zida zoyenera pantchitoyo ndikofunikira. Nawa maupangiri okuthandizani kupeza zida zabwino kwambiri zamapulojekiti anu:

• Fananizani chida ndi polojekiti: Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi chida choyenera cha ntchito yomwe muli nayo.
• Ganizirani kuwonjezera zida zing'onozing'ono: Nthawi zina, zida zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukulolani kuti muchepetse kapena kugwira ntchito m'malo olimba.
• Ikani zida zabwino kwambiri: Ngakhale zingakhale zokopa kugula zida zotsika mtengo, kuyika ndalama pazida zabwino kumabweretsa ntchito yabwino komanso zokhumudwitsa zochepa.
• Dziwani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangira: Zomangira za Phillips ndi Robertson ndizofala kwambiri, koma pali mitundu ina yambiri yomwe ingafunike pama projekiti apadera.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chida choyenera choyendetsera galimoto: Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zida zoyenera zoyendetsera galimoto, kaya ndi screwdriver kapena kubowola mphamvu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito misomali yoyenera: Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafuna mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya misomali, choncho onetsetsani kuti muli ndi misomali yoyenera pa polojekiti yanu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira zoyenera: Mofanana ndi misomali, mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana amafunikira zomangira zosiyanasiyana, choncho onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zomangira zoyenera pulojekiti yanu.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, zida ndi zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti moyo wathu ukhale wosavuta. Iwo ndi gawo la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sitikanatha kukhala popanda iwo. 

Kuyambira mipeni mpaka screwdrivers, ife ntchito pafupifupi chirichonse. Chifukwa chake musaiwale kuwerenga bukuli ndikuligwiritsa ntchito moyenera kuti musadzipweteke. Zikomo powerenga!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.