Valashi? Upangiri Wathunthu wa Mitundu, Mbiri & Kagwiritsidwe

Varnish ndi madzi kapena phala lopangidwa kuchokera ku utomoni ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba ndikuwumitsa kupanga filimu yolimba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ndi kukongoletsa matabwa, zitsulo, ndi zipangizo zina zambiri.

Mu bukhuli, ndikufotokozerani chomwe varnish ndi, momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Varnish

Varnish ndi yomveka, yowonekera kapena yonyezimira ❖ kuyanika Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatabwa kuti ziwoneke bwino komanso kuti zitetezedwe ku zowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka, kuwala kwa UV ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Ndi chida chofunikira kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito yamatabwa, kaya ndi mipando, zojambulajambula, kapena matabwa omwe amayang'anizana ndi kung'ambika.

Kufunika Kosankha Mitundu Yoyenera ya Varnish

Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa varnish pa polojekiti yanu kungakhale chisankho chosokoneza. Ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilipo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kusiyana kwake kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwapeza yoyenera pazosowa zanu. Zina mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma varnish ndi ma vanishi achilengedwe, opangira, ndi utomoni, iliyonse ili ndi zigawo zake zapadera komanso mulingo wokhazikika.

Kupaka Varnish Moyenera

Kupaka varnish kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa kungopaka pamwamba. Kuonetsetsa kuti varnish imakhazikika bwino komanso imapereka chitetezo chofunikira, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira yoyenera. Izi zingaphatikizepo kupanga mchenga pamwamba, kusankha burashi yoyenera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo za varnish.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa Varnish

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe varnish ndizotchuka kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa varnish ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa mawonekedwe a matabwa, varnish ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chovala chapamwamba cha zojambula ndi zidutswa zina zaluso, kuwonjezera kuya ndi kulemera kwa mitundu.

Ubwino wa Varnish pa Polyurethane

Ngakhale polyurethane ndi zokutira kwina kodziwika kwa matabwa, varnish ili ndi maubwino apadera omwe amawasiyanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, vanishi nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba komanso yoteteza kwambiri kuposa polyurethane, ndipo imatha kujambulidwa kuti iwonjezere mtundu pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, varnish imapezeka m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza mtundu woyenera pazosowa zanu.

Kuonetsetsa Chitetezo Choyenera ndi Varnish

Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa mawonekedwe a matabwa, vanishi ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chowonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka, kuwala kwa UV, ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Posankha mtundu woyenera wa varnish ndikuwuyika bwino, mutha kutsimikizira kuti matabwa anu amakhalabe abwino kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mbiri Yokongola ya Varnish

Varnishing ndi njira yakale yomwe idayambira ku Egypt wakale. Ma vanishi oyambirira adapangidwa posakaniza utomoni, monga pine pitch, ndi zosungunulira ndi kuzipaka ndi burashi kuti zitheke. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa vanishi kunafalikira kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndi ojambula ndi amisiri akugwiritsira ntchito kuti ateteze ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo.

Nyengo ya Medieval ndi Pambuyo pake

How to strip wire fast

Share

Watch on

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 14, katswiri wojambula zithunzi wa ku Italy dzina lake Cennino Cennini analemba buku limene linafotokoza kwambiri za kupaka varnish. Iye anafotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira varnish, kuphatikizapo chingamu chamtengo, glair, ngakhale adyo ndi uchi monga zowonjezera. Komabe, adatsutsanso kugwiritsa ntchito varnish, kuchenjeza kuti ikhoza kukhala yachikasu pakapita nthawi.

Renaissance ndi Nyengo Yoyambirira Yamakono

M’zaka za m’ma 17, dokotala wa ku Switzerland yemwenso ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, dzina lake Theodor de Mayerne, anafalitsa buku lonena za luso la kujambula, lomwe linali ndi maphikidwe a vanishi. Analimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito dzira yolk ndi vinyo wosasa ngati vanishi pazithunzi. M'zaka za m'ma 18, dokotala wina wa ku Scotland dzina lake Alexander Carlyle anapereka malangizo oti azitha kujambula pagalasi pogwiritsa ntchito vanishi.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi koyambirira kwa 20

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 19, ojambula zithunzi a ku America Richard ndi Jennys Van Vleck anapereka malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito vanishi m’buku lawo lakuti “The Practice of Painting and Drawing.” Analimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito varnish kuti ateteze zojambula ku fumbi ndi dothi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, Vincent van Gogh anagwiritsa ntchito vanishi m'zojambula zake kuti awoneke bwino.

Varnish Lero

Masiku ano, varnish amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi ojambula ndi amisiri kuteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo. Ma vanishi amakono amapangidwa ndi utomoni wopangira ndi zosungunulira, ndipo amabwera mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku matte kupita ku gloss yapamwamba. Varnish imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga matabwa pofuna kuteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukongola kwachilengedwe kwa nkhuni.

Mitundu Yambiri ya Varnish: Ndi Iti Yoyenera Kwa Inu?

Ponena za kumaliza kwa matabwa, varnish ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya varnish yomwe ilipo? Iliyonse idapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zotsatira zake kapena kukonza gawo lina la mawonekedwe kapena chitetezo cha nkhuni. M'chigawo chino, tiwona bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya varnish ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.

Zopadera Zamtundu uliwonse wa Varnish

Nazi zina mwapadera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa varnish:

• Vanishi yokhala ndi mafuta: Vanishi yamtundu uwu ndi yosinthika kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi bwinonso kuteteza nkhuni ku madzi ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, zingatenge nthawi yaitali kuti ziume bwino ndipo zingafunikire kuyanika nthawi yaitali.
• Vanishi yokhala ndi madzi: Vanishi yamtunduwu ndi yosavuta kuyeretsa komanso kuti isawononge chilengedwe. Imauma mofulumira kuposa vanishi yokhala ndi mafuta ndipo imakhala yochepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Komabe, sizingakhale zolimba kapena zolimba ngati vanishi yokhala ndi mafuta ndipo zingafunike malaya ochulukirapo kuti mukwaniritse chitetezo chomwe mukufuna.
• Varnish ya polyurethane: Vanishi yamtundu uwu ndi yosinthika kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi yolimba, yamphamvu, komanso yosamva kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza matte, satin, ndi glossy. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kuchotsa kamodzi kokha ndipo sizingakhale zabwino kwa mitundu ina ya nkhuni kapena zomaliza.
• Vanishi ya Spar: Vanishi yamtunduwu imapangidwira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito panja ndipo imalimbana kwambiri ndi madzi ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, sizingakhale zosunthika monga mitundu ina ya varnish ndipo sizingakhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba.
• Vanishi ya chida chanyimbo: Vanishi yamtundu uwu ndi yopyapyala kwambiri komanso yopukutidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njere zachilengedwe zamitengo ziwonekere. Zimapangidwanso kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho polola matabwa kuti azigwedezeka momasuka. Imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza matte ndi glossy. Komabe, sizingakhale zoyenera kwa mitundu ina ya nkhuni zomaliza ndipo zingafune mphamvu pang'ono kuti zigwiritse ntchito moyenera.

Kupaka Varnish: Chitsogozo cha Gawo ndi Gawo

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito varnish pulojekiti yanu yamatabwa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pakonzedwa bwino. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita:

• Mchenga pamwamba ndi chabwino grit sandpaper kuchotsa aliyense akhakula mawanga ndi kupanga yosalala pamwamba. Mchenga umathandizanso kuti varnish amamatire bwino ku nkhuni.
• Tsukani pamwamba ndi chiguduli ndi mineral spirits kuchotsa fumbi kapena zinyalala. Onetsetsani kuti pamwamba ndi youma kwathunthu musanapitirire ku sitepe yotsatira.

Kusankha Varnish Yoyenera

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma varnish yomwe ilipo, iliyonse ili ndi mulingo wawo wa sheen komanso kulimba kwake. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha varnish yoyenera ya polojekiti yanu:

• Ma vanishi achikhalidwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta achilengedwe ndi utomoni, pomwe ma varnish opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira. Ma vanishi opangidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amapereka chitetezo chabwino ku kuwala kwa UV.
• Ma vanishi ena amafunikira kupatulira asanawagwiritse ntchito, pomwe ena amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika kuchokera pachitini. Werengani cholembedwacho mosamala kuti muwone ngati varnish yanu ikufunika kuchepetsedwa.
• Ngati mukufuna kutsiriza kwapamwamba, sankhani mwambo kapena varnish yoyera. Ma varnish awa ndi okwera mtengo, koma amapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso ozama.

Kusakaniza ndi Kupaka Varnish

Tsopano popeza mwasankha vanishi yoyenera, ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuyigwiritsa ntchito pantchito yanu yamatabwa. Momwe mungachitire izi:

• Sakanizani varnish bwinobwino musanayambe. Kugwedeza kumatsimikizira kuti chisakanizocho chikuphatikizidwa bwino ndipo chidzapangitsa kuti pakhale kutha.
• Thirani varnish mu chidebe choyera ndi pindani chiguduli mu pedi. Lembani pad mu vanishi ndikupukuta pang'onopang'ono pamatabwa, ndikugwira ntchito molunjika ku njere. Onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba malo onse mofanana.
• Lolani kuti varnish kuti ziume molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga. Izi zitha kutenga paliponse kuyambira maola angapo mpaka usiku wonse.
• Vanishiyo ikauma, sungani pamwamba pang'ono ndi sandpaper yabwino. Izi zidzathandiza kusalaza mawanga aliwonse ovuta ndikukonzekera pamwamba pa malaya omaliza.
• Ikani chovala chachiwiri cha varnish pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi monga kale. Lolani kuti ziume kwathunthu musanapitirire ku sitepe yotsatira.

Zokhudza Kumaliza

Tsopano popeza mwagwiritsa ntchito varnish yomaliza, ndi nthawi yoti muwonjezere kukhudza komaliza ku polojekiti yanu yamatabwa. Nazi zomwe muyenera kuchita:

• Mchenga pamwamba pang'onopang'ono ndi grit sandpaper yabwino kuchotsa mawanga kapena madontho.
• Tsukani pamwamba ndi chiguduli ndi mineral spirits kuchotsa fumbi kapena zinyalala.
• Malingana ndi mtundu wa vanishi womwe munagwiritsa ntchito, mungafunike kupaka sera yapadera kapena kupukuta pamwamba kuti mutulutse kuwala.
• Lolani pamwamba kuti ziume kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito kapena kusanja matabwa anu.

Kumbukirani, kugwiritsa ntchito varnish kungakhale njira yovuta, koma ndi njira zoyenera komanso kukonzekera, mukhoza kumaliza bwino nthawi zonse.

Mbali Yosakhala Yabwino Kwambiri ya Varnish

Varnish ndi chivundikiro chodzitchinjiriza cha matabwa, koma si mitundu yonse ya ma varnish yomwe ili yabwino pantchito iliyonse. Nayi mitundu ina ya varnish ndi zovuta zake:

• Ma vanishi opangidwa ndi mafuta: Ma vanishi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga matabwa amkati, koma amakhala achikasu pakapita nthawi ndipo amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malaya angapo amafunikira kuti apange zokutira zoteteza kwambiri.
• Ma vanishi opangira: Ma vanishi amenewa ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuuma mwachangu kuposa ma vanishi opangidwa ndi mafuta, koma amakhala ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimabweretsa zoyipa mthupi komanso chilengedwe.
• Ma vanishi a mizimu: Ma vanishi amenewa amapangidwa ndi utomoni wosakaniza ndi mowa ndipo ndi abwino kwambiri pa zida zoimbira, koma si oyenera kupangira ntchito zapanja chifukwa amasungunuka m'madzi ndi moto.

Oyamba Amapeza Varnish Yovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Varnish ndi mtundu wapadera wa zokutira zomwe zimafunikira masanjidwe enaake ndi njira kuti apange zowoneka bwino komanso zomaliza. Oyamba adzapeza kuti varnish ikhoza kukhala yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa:

• Varnish imauma pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imafunika zokutira zingapo kuti ikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
• Varnish ndi yocheperapo kuposa zosindikizira zina, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimafunikira malaya ochulukirapo kuti apange zokutira zoteteza kwambiri.
• Varnish imafunikira mtundu wapadera wa zowonda kuti ziwongolere kachulukidwe komanso kusasinthika.

Yellow and Kuyanika Ndi Nkhani Zofala

Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri za varnish ndikuti imakonda kukhala yachikasu pakapita nthawi, makamaka ikakhala padzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, varnish imauma pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imafunikira nthawi yochulukirapo kuti ichiritsidwe ndikuuma. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta pamitengo yamatabwa yomwe imayenera kukonzedwa nthawi zonse kapena kuvala varnish kale.

Zopaka Zoteteza Zina

Ngati varnish sichiri chotchingira choyenera cha polojekiti yanu, nazi njira zina:

• Lacquer: Ichi ndi chopaka utoto chomwe chimauma mofulumira kuposa varnish ndipo chimapanga mapeto olimba komanso okhalitsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zojambula zokongoletsera, zomangira, ndi pansi pamatabwa.
• Zovala za Oleo-resinous: Izi ndi zosakaniza zamafuta ndi utomoni zomwe zimapanga zokutira zoteteza pamalo amatabwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo zapadenga ndi matabwa omwe amayaka moto.
• Zovala za mineral: Ichi ndi chotchingira chamadzi chomwe chimapanga chishango choteteza pamitengo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma projekiti akunja ndi malo amatabwa omwe ali ndi madzi.

Varnish vs Polyurethane: Ndi Uti Womaliza Wabwino Kwambiri?

Pankhani yosankha matabwa abwino kwambiri, varnish ndi polyurethane ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Ngakhale zingawoneke zofanana poyang'ana koyamba, pali kusiyana kwakukulu koyenera kukumbukira:

• Varnish ndi chomaliza chachikhalidwe chopangidwa kuchokera ku utomoni, mafuta, ndi zosungunulira, pomwe polyurethane ndi utomoni wapulasitiki.
• Varnish imapereka chitetezo chabwinoko ku kuwonongeka kwa UV, ndikupangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pama projekiti akunja.
• Polyurethane imauma mwachangu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyiyika, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino pama projekiti ofulumira.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Varnish

Varnish yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhuni kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Nazi zina mwazabwino ndi zoyipa zogwiritsa ntchito varnish:

ubwino:

• Varnish imapanga mawonekedwe okongola, achilengedwe omwe amalola kuti njere zamatabwa ziwonekere.
• Zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri kuzinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja.
• Varnish ndi yosunthika ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitengo yambiri yamatabwa, kuchokera pamipando mpaka pamasitepe.

kuipa:

• Varnish ikhoza kukhala yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana, ndipo kukwaniritsa makulidwe omwe mukufuna kungakhale kovuta.
• Kupaka mchenga nthawi zonse ndi kupukuta kumafunika kuti mapeto awoneke bwino.
• Varnish imatha kumva ngati yomata kapena yovuta kukhudza, zomwe anthu ena amaziona kukhala zosasangalatsa.

Kutsiliza

Varnish ndi chophimba chowonekera chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba kuti chiwoneke bwino ndikuchiteteza ku kuwonongeka. 

Ndizabwino zida zamatabwa (zofunika kwambiri apa) ndi ojambula, ndipo pali vanishi pa ntchito iliyonse ndi chosowa chilichonse. Ingokumbukirani kusankha mtundu woyenera ndikuugwiritsa ntchito bwino kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.