Mzimu Woyera: Kawopsedwe, Katundu Wathupi, ndi Zina

Mzimu woyera (UK) kapena mineral spirits (US), wotchedwanso mineral turpentine, turpentine substitute, petroleum spirits, zosungunulira naphtha (petroleum), varsol, Stoddard solvent, kapena, mwachibadwa, “utoto thinner”, ndi madzi omveka bwino opangidwa ndi petroleum omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira wamba pojambula ndi kukongoletsa.

Chisakanizo cha aliphatic ndi alicyclic C7 mpaka C12 hydrocarbons, mzimu woyera umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira zosungunulira, monga zosungunulira zosungunulira, monga zosungunulira zowonongeka komanso zosungunulira mu aerosols, utoto, zosungira matabwa, lacquers, varnishes, ndi mankhwala a asphalt.

M'nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza momwe mzimu woyera umagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikugawana malangizo otetezeka.

Dziwani Mikhalidwe Yathupi ya Mzimu Woyera

Mzimu woyera ndi madzi opanda mtundu opanda fungo lililonse. Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kusungunula ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupatulira utoto, kuyeretsa, ndikuchotsa mafuta.

Kuphatikiza kwa Chemicals

Mzimu woyera ndi wosakaniza wa mankhwala otchedwa petroleum hydrocarbons. Zomwe zimapangidwira zosakaniza zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi mtundu wa mzimu woyera.

Kachulukidwe ndi Kulemera kwake

Kachulukidwe ka mzimu woyera ndi pafupifupi 0.8-0.9 g/cm³, kutanthauza kuti ndi wopepuka kuposa madzi. Kulemera kwa mzimu woyera kumadalira kuchuluka kwake ndi kachulukidwe.

Kutentha ndi Volatility

Mzimu woyera umakhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 140-200 ° C, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti umasanduka nthunzi mofulumira kutentha. Katunduyu amapanga chosungunulira chosasunthika chomwe chimatha kusakanikirana mosavuta ndi mpweya.

Maselo a Molecular ndi Refractive

Mzimu woyera uli ndi kulemera kwa ma molekyulu a 150-200 g/mol, kutanthauza kuti ndi molekyulu yopepuka. Ilinso ndi mndandanda wa refractive index wa 1.4-1.5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kupindika kuwala.

Viscosity ndi Solubility

Mzimu woyera uli ndi viscosity yochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimayenda mosavuta. Ndiwosungunulira bwino pamagulu ambiri achilengedwe, kuphatikiza mafuta, mafuta, ndi utomoni.

Reactivity ndi Reaction

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Mzimu woyera ndi mankhwala osasunthika omwe sagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri. Komabe, imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi oxidizing amphamvu, monga chlorine ndi bromine.

Europe ndi Air Regulations

Ku Ulaya, mzimu woyera umayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals). Imatsatiranso malamulo owononga mpweya chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake.

Mzimu Woyera: The Swiss Army Knife of Solvents

Mzimu woyera, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mineral spirit, ndi chosungunulira chosunthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mzimu woyera ndi izi:

• Monga chochepetsera mafuta opaka utoto, ma varnish, ndi phula.
• Monga choyeretsera maburashi, odzigudubuza, ndi zida zina zopenta.
• Monga degreaser pazitsulo zazitsulo.
• Monga zosungunulira zosindikizira inki ndi ma tona amadzimadzi a photocopier.
• M'makampani, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa, kuchotsa mafuta, ndi kuchotsa zinthu.

Chifukwa chiyani White Spirit ndi Njira Yapamwamba Yoyeretsera

Mzimu woyera ndi njira yabwino yoyeretsera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• Ndi zosungunulira zamphamvu zomwe zimatha kusungunula ndikuchotsa ngakhale madontho ndi zotsalira zolimba.
• Amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira, osasiya zotsalira.
• Siziwononga ndipo ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito pamalo ambiri.
• Ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo imapezeka paliponse.

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito White Spirit poyeretsa

Nawa maupangiri ogwiritsira ntchito mzimu woyera kuyeretsa:

• Poyeretsa maburashi ndi zida zina zopenta, tsanulirani pang'ono mzimu woyera mu chidebe ndikuviika zidazo kwa mphindi zingapo. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira burashi kapena sopo kuchotsa zotsalira zilizonse.
• Pochotsa zitsulo pamalo opaka mafuta, ikani mzimu woyera pang'ono pansalu yoyera ndikupukuta pamwamba pake.
• Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mzimu woyera, nthawi zonse muzigwira ntchito pamalo abwino komanso kuvala magolovesi kuti muteteze khungu lanu.

White Spirit Toxicity: Kumvetsetsa Zowopsa

Mzimu woyera, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mineral spirit kapena Stoddard solvent, ndi chosungunulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso m'nyumba. Ngakhale kuti ndi yotsuka bwino komanso yochotsera mafuta, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa thanzi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake.

Acute Toxicity

• Mzimu woyera umatchedwa chinthu chapoizoni chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, kutanthauza kuti ukhoza kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa ukangowonekera kamodzi.
• Kulowetsedwa kwa mzimu woyera kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa m'mitsempha yapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kugona, kuchepa kwa mgwirizano, ndipo pamapeto pake chikomokere.
• Kukoka mpweya woyera wamadzimadzi kumatha kuwononga kwambiri m'mapapo kotchedwa pneumonitis, komwe kumatha kuchitika ngati madziwo alowetsedwa m'mapapo, mwachitsanzo, pokoka masanzi atameza mzimu woyera.
• Kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi mzimu woyera kungayambitse kuyabwa ndi dermatitis.

Matenda a Toxicity

• Kawopsedwe wanthawi zonse amatanthauza zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chokumana mobwerezabwereza kapena kwanthawi yayitali kuzinthu kwanthawi yayitali.
• Kukumana ndi mzimu woyera pantchito kumalumikizidwa ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo, kuphatikiza mavuto amtima, kukumbukira komanso kukhazikika, komanso kukwiya kochulukira.
• Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ojambula zithunzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mzimu woyera kwa nthawi yaitali akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri a ubongo (CTE), matenda a neurodegenerative omwe angayambitse kulumala ndi kusintha kwa umunthu.
• The Nordic Occupational Exposure Limit ya mzimu woyera imayikidwa pamlingo wa 350 mg/m3 pa tsiku la ntchito la maola asanu ndi atatu, kusonyeza kuti kukhala ndi mzimu woyera kwa nthawi yaitali kungawononge thanzi la munthu.

Chitetezo

• Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kawopsedwe ka mizimu yoyera, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zodzitetezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mzimu woyera m'malo olowera mpweya wabwino kapena malo otsekedwa okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kuti musapumedwe ndi zosungunulira.
• Valani magolovesi oteteza komanso zovala kuti musakhudze khungu ndi mzimu woyera.
• Pewani kumeza mzimu woyera, ndipo funsani kuchipatala mwamsanga ngati mutamwa kapena kulakalaka.
• Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi mzimu woyera kuntchito, tsatirani malangizo a zaumoyo ndi chitetezo kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo cha poizoni.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mzimu Woyera kuchokera ku DIY Store: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Inde, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mzimu woyera kuchokera ku sitolo ya DIY ngati chochepetsera utoto kapena chosungunulira. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira musanagwiritse ntchito.

Chifukwa Chimene Mzimu Woyera Ungakhale Wosankhira Bwino Kwa Inu

Mzimu woyera ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chosungunulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popenta ndi kuchotsa utoto, polita, ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, imatha kukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lomwe lingayambitse chizungulire kapena nseru. Kuonjezera apo, kukhudzana ndi mzimu woyera kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse kukhudzana ndi dermatitis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.

Njira Zina Zoyenera Kuziganizira

Ngati mukufuna kupewa kuipa kwa mzimu woyera, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira. Zina mwa izi ndi:

• Mineral spirits: Choloŵa m’malo mwa mzimu woyera umene ulibe poizoni komanso fungo lochepa kwambiri.
• Turpentine: Chosungunulira chachikhalidwe chomwe chimayengedwa kwambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupenta mafuta. Amadziwika ndi luso lake labwino kwambiri lophwanya utoto ndi kupukuta.
• Zosungunulira zochokera ku citrus: Njira ina yachilengedwe yomwe ili yatsopano pamsika komanso yolimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri. Zimapangidwa ndi zosakaniza za peel ya citrus ndipo ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa zosungunulira zachikhalidwe.

Kusiyana Pakati pa White Spirit ndi Alternative Products

Ngakhale kuti mzimu woyera ndi chisankho chodziwika kwa ambiri, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti si njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo. Nazi kusiyana pakati pa mzimu woyera ndi mankhwala ena:

• Mizimu yamchere ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse komanso imakhala ndi fungo lochepa.
• Turpentine ndi yoyengedwa kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafuta, mosiyana ndi mzimu woyera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
• Zosungunulira zochokera ku citrus ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake komanso chitetezo chake.

Kusankha Chosungunulira Choyenera: White Spirit vs. Turpentine

Pankhani ya zosungunulira zopaka mafuta, mzimu woyera ndi turpentine ndizo zisankho ziwiri zofala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zingathandize kukwaniritsa kusinthasintha koyenera ndikusungunula zidutswa zolimba za utoto, pali kusiyana kwakukulu koyenera kuganizira:

• Mzimu woyera amapangidwa ndi petroleum distillate, pamene turpentine amapangidwa ndi utomoni wachilengedwe wotengedwa m'mitengo.
• Mzimu woyera umadziwika kuti ndi wotetezeka komanso wopanda poizoni kuposa turpentine, komanso umakhala wopanda mphamvu.
• Turpentine imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zida zachitsulo zosalimba komanso zenizeni, pomwe mzimu woyera ndi wolimba komanso wosavuta kuyeretsa.
• Kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi kumadalira zosowa zanu komanso kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha ntchito yanu.

Kusankha Zosungunulira Zoyenera Pantchito Yanu

Pankhani yosankha pakati pa mzimu woyera ndi turpentine, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira:

• Mtundu wa utoto umene mukugwiritsa ntchito: Utoto wina umafuna mtundu winawake wa zosungunulira, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga mosamala malangizo a wopanga.
• Mlingo wa chidwi cha ntchito yanu: Ngati mukugwira ntchito pamalo osalimba kapena enieni, turpentine ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Ngati mukugwira ntchito pamalo ovuta kapena ovuta kufikako, mzimu woyera ungakhale wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Njira yosungiramo: Mzimu woyera ukhoza kusungidwa popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu, pamene turpentine iyenera kuikidwa pamalo othina ndi enieni kuti asawonongeke kapena kuvulaza thupi.
• Kupezeka pamsika: Mzimu woyera ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo umapezeka pamsika, pomwe turpentine ingafunike kuyesetsa kuti mupeze mtundu wangwiro komanso wofunikira.
• Zosungirako ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito: Mzimu woyera ndi wosavuta kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, pamene turpentine imafuna ndondomeko ndi ntchito mosamala.

Kupewa Zowonongeka ndi Kupeza Zotsatira Zabwino

Ziribe kanthu kuti mungasankhe chosungunulira chotani, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino:

• Yang'anani mtundu ndi kalasi ya zosungunulira musanazisakaniza ndi utoto wanu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zosungunulira zoyenera kuti mukwaniritse kusasinthasintha koyenera.
• Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira, chifukwa zingakhudze zotsatira zomaliza.
• Sambani zida zanu moyenera mukazigwiritsa ntchito kuti penti zisatseke.
• Sungani zosungunulira kutali ndi gwero lililonse la kutentha kapena lawi kuti mupewe ngozi iliyonse yamoto.

Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita Mukakumana ndi Mzimu Woyera

Mzimu woyera ndi chinthu chosungunulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zinthu monga utoto ndi ma vanishi. Ngati mwangokumana ndi mzimu woyera, nawa malangizo ena oyenera kutsatira:

• Dzitetezeni mwa kuvala magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chigoba ngati n'kotheka.
• Ngati mwamwa mzimu woyera, musayambe kusanza. Funsani dokotala mwamsanga.
• Ngati mwakoka mpweya woyera, pita kumalo opumira bwino ndipo funsani malangizo achipatala ngati mukukumana ndi vuto linalake.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wadetsa zovala zanu, chotsani zovalazo ndi kusamba ndi sopo ndi madzi.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wakhudza khungu lanu, sambani malo okhudzidwawo ndi sopo ndi madzi.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wakhudza maso anu, kuthirirani ndi madzi kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 ndipo funsani dokotala.

Kuwonetsedwa Kuntchito

Omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mzimu woyera m'malo mwaukadaulo ayenera kutsatira njira zina zotetezera:

• Onetsetsani kuti malowo ali ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuti mwavala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera.
• Dziwani malire otetezedwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akutsatiridwa kuntchito kwanu.
• Ngati mwameza kapena mwakoka mzimu woyera, pitani kuchipatala msanga.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wadetsa zovala zanu, chotsani zovalazo ndi kusamba ndi sopo ndi madzi.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wakhudza khungu lanu, sambani malo okhudzidwawo ndi sopo ndi madzi.
• Ngati mzimu woyera wakhudza maso anu, kuthirirani ndi madzi kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 ndipo funsani dokotala.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ndi momwe mzimu woyera uliri - chosungunulira chopangidwa ndi petroleum chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi kupenta. Ndichitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha chinthu chosaopsa chomwe chingakhale choopsa ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Choncho, samalani ndi kusangalala nazo!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.