Kudzora masisitimu anoshandiswa kuchengetedza setpoint kana inodiwa inobuda nekugadzirisa chiratidzo chekuisa. Kudzora masisitimu anogona kuve akavhurika loop kana akavharwa loop. Vhura loop yekudzora masisitimu haana mhinduro loop uye yakavharwa loop control masisitimu anoita.
Muchikamu chino, ini ndichatsanangura kuti masystem system ndeapi, anoshanda sei, uye mashandisirwo aanoitwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Uyezve, ini ndichagovera chokwadi chinonakidza nezve masystem ekudzora iwe aungasaziva!
Mune ino posvo isu tichafukidza:
- Kudzora Masisitimu- Iyo Inyanzvi yeKugadzira uye Kuita
- Vhura-loop uye yakavharwa-loop control: Musiyano uripo pakati pekuzvigadzirisa uye yakagadziriswa kubuda
- Feedback Control Systems: Kuunza Kudzora kune Inotevera Chikamu
- Logic Kudzora: Yakareruka uye Inoshanda Kudzora Systems
- On-Off Control: Iyo Yakareruka Nzira Yekudzora Tembiricha
- Linear Kudzora: Iyo Inyanzvi Yekuchengeta Inodiwa Zvinobuda
- Iyo Fuzzy Logic: Iyo Dynamic Kudzora System
- mhedziso
Kudzora Masisitimu- Iyo Inyanzvi yeKugadzira uye Kuita
Kudzora masisitimu anosanganisira maitiro ekuseta uye kuchengetedza imwe yakabuda nekugadzirisa chiratidzo chekuisa. Chinangwa ndechekuburitsa chaiyo uye inopindirana kuburitsa, kunyangwe chero shanduko yekutanga mune yekuisa. Iyo nzira inosanganisira akati wandei, kusanganisira anotevera:
- Input nhanho: uko chiratidzo chekuisa chinogamuchirwa
- Kugadzirisa nhanho: uko chiratidzo chinogadziriswa uye kuongororwa
- Output nhanho: uko chiratidzo chinobuda chinogadzirwa
Basa reKudzora Masisitimu muKugadzira
Kudzora masisitimu anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira uye kugovera mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Automation tekinoroji inowanzo shandiswa kuita masisitimu aya, anogona kuve akaomarara uye anodhura kuvaka. Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinodiwa kugadzira yakanakisa control system:
- Kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwehurongwa huri kudzorwa
- Iko kugona kugadzira uye kuita iyo chaiyo mhando yekutonga system
- Pakeji yemagadzirirwo akajairwa uye matekiniki anogona kushandiswa kune mamwe mamiriro
Matanho Akabatanidzwa Mukugadzira Kudzora System
Iyo nzira yekugadzira iyo control system inosanganisira anotevera matanho:
- Kugadzira iyo sisitimu chimiro: Izvi zvinosanganisira kusarudza rudzi rwekutonga system inodiwa uye zvikamu izvo zvichabatanidzwa.
- Kuita iyo sisitimu: Izvi zvinosanganisira kunyatsovaka sisitimu uye kumhanya bvunzo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iri kushanda nemazvo
- Kuchengetedza sisitimu: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora mashandiro ehurongwa nekufamba kwenguva uye kuita chero shanduko inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoramba ichishanda nemazvo.
Vhura-loop uye yakavharwa-loop control: Musiyano uripo pakati pekuzvigadzirisa uye yakagadziriswa kubuda
Open-loop control masisitimu anozivikanwawo seasiri-mhinduro anodzora. Aya masisitimu ane zvakagadziriswa zvakabuda zvisina kugadziridzwa zvichibva pane chero kupinza kana mhinduro. Chimiro cheyakavhurika-loop control system yakajairika uye inosanganisira yekupinda, yakatarwa poindi, uye inobuda. Kupinza ndicho chiratidzo chinoshandiswa kuburitsa chinodiwa. Nzvimbo yakatarwa ndiyo kukosha kwechinangwa chekubuda. Kubuda ndiko mhedzisiro yemaitiro ari kushanda.
Mienzaniso yeakavhurika-loop control masisitimu anosanganisira:
- A toaster: Iyo lever inoiswa mu "pa" chikamu, uye makoiri anopisa kune yakagadziriswa tembiricha. Iyo toast inoramba ichipisa kusvika panguva yakatarwa, uye toast inobuda.
- A cruise control mumotokari: Madhirita akaiswa kuti arambe akatsiga. Iyo sisitimu haigadzirise zvichienderana nekuchinja mamiriro, sezvikomo kana mhepo.
Yakavharwa-loop control: Kuzvigadzirisa-yega kune inowirirana kubuda
Yakavharwa-loop control system, inozivikanwawo semafeedback control masisitimu, inokwanisa kuzvigadzirisa-yega kuchengetedza kubuda kunoenderana. Musiyano uripo pakati peyakavhurika-loop uye yakavharwa-loop system ndewekuti yakavharwa-loop system ine kugona kuzvigadzirisa asi iyo yakavhurika-loop system isingaite. Chimiro chevhavha-loop control system yakafanana neyeyavhurika-loop system, asi inosanganisira mhinduro yemhinduro. Iyo mhinduro loop inotungamira kubva kune yakabuda kuenda kune yekuisa, ichibvumira iyo system kuti irambe ichitarisa uye kugadzirisa zvichienderana nekuchinja mamiriro.
Mienzaniso yeakavharwa-loop control masisitimu anosanganisira:
- Kudzora tembiricha mukamuri: Sisitimu inogadzirisa kudziyisa kana kutonhodza zvichibva patembiricha yemumba kuti ichengetedze tembiricha isingachinji.
- Amplification control mune inonzwika sisitimu: Iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa iyo amplification zvichibva pane inobuda kuti ichengetedze inowirirana nhanho yekurira.
Feedback Control Systems: Kuunza Kudzora kune Inotevera Chikamu
Feedback control masisitimu imhando yekudzora sisitimu inoshandisa kubuda kwemaitiro kudzora kupinza. Mune mamwe mazwi, sisitimu inogashira chiratidzo kubva kune iyo nzira iri kudzorwa uye inoshandisa iyo chiratidzo kugadzirisa iyo yekuisa kuti iwane yaunoda kuburitsa.
Dhiagiramu uye Mazita Akabatanidzwa neFeedback Control Systems
Kune akati wandei madhayagiramu nemazita ane chekuita nemhinduro yekudzora masisitimu, anosanganisira:
- Dhizaini dhizaini: Aya anoratidza zvikamu zveiyo mhinduro yekudzora system uye kuti yakabatana sei.
- Transfer mabasa: Aya anotsanangura hukama pakati pekuisa uye kubuda kweiyo system.
- Yakavharwa-loop masisitimu: Aya ndiwo masisitimu ekudzora mhinduro uko izvo zvinobuda zvinodzoserwa kune yekuisa kuchengetedza yaunoda kuburitsa.
- Vhura-loop masisitimu: Aya ndiwo masisitimu ekudzora mhinduro uko izvo zvinobuda hazvidzoserwe kune yekuisa.
Logic Kudzora: Yakareruka uye Inoshanda Kudzora Systems
Logic control imhando yekudzora sisitimu inoshandisa Boolean logic kana zvimwe zvine musoro mashandiro kuita sarudzo nekudzora maitiro. Iyo yakareruka uye inoshanda yekudzora sisitimu iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kugadzira, kugadzira, uye engineering yemagetsi.
Ko Logic Control Inoshanda Sei?
Logic control masisitimu akagadzirirwa kubata akasiyana ekuisa uye kuburitsa yaunoda kuburitsa. Iyo yakakosha nzira yekushanda ndeyotevera:
- Iyo sisitimu inogamuchira chiratidzo chekuisa, iyo inowanzo iri muchimiro chemagetsi emagetsi.
- Chiratidzo chekupinza chinozofananidzwa nemutengo wakaiswa kana poindi, inochengetwa muhurongwa.
- Kana iyo yekuisa chiratidzo chakarurama, sisitimu ichaita chaiyo chiitiko kana chinja kune yakatarwa marongero.
- Kana iyo yekuisa chiratidzo isiriyo, iyo sisitimu icharamba ichigamuchira mapindiro kusvika kukosha kwayo kwasvika.
Mienzaniso yeLogic Control Systems
Logic control masisitimu anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira:
- Magetsi emumugwagwa: Marambi emumigwagwa anoshandisa logic control kuchinja pakati pematsvuku, yero, uye egirinhi maraiti zvichienderana nekuyerera kwetraffic.
- Marobhoti eindasitiri: Marobhoti eindasitiri anoshandisa logic control kuita mabasa akaomarara, senge welding, kupenda, uye kusangana.
- Michina yekuwachisa otomatiki: Michina yekuwachisa otomatiki inoshandisa logic control kushandura pakati peakasiyana madhiraini ekugezesa uye tembiricha zvichienderana nekuiswa kwemushandisi.
On-Off Control: Iyo Yakareruka Nzira Yekudzora Tembiricha
On-Off control yakaitwa kare uchishandisa yakabatana relays, cam timers, uye switch inovakwa mumanera anotevedzana. Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji,-on-off control ikozvino inogona kuitwa uchishandisa ma microcontrollers, akasarudzika programmable logic controllers, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Mienzaniso yeOn-Off Control
Mimwe mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa on-off control zvinosanganisira:
- Mathermostats emumba anobatidza hita kana tembiricha yemumba yadzika pasi peinodiwa uye yoidzima kana yakwira pamusoro payo.
- Mafiriji anobatidza compressor kana tembiricha yemukati mefiriji yakwira pamusoro peinodiwa tembiricha uye inodzima kana yaenda pasi payo.
- Machina ekugezesa anoshandisa on-off control kukonzeresa akasiyana anodyidzana anoteedzana mashandiro.
- Pneumatic actuators anoshandisa on-off control kuchengetedza imwe nhanho yekumanikidza.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveOn-Off Control
Zvakanakira zve on-off control zvinosanganisira:
- Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kuita.
- Zviri nyore kunzwisisa uye kuita.
- Inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemakina uye mashandiro.
Zvakaipa zve-on-off control zvinosanganisira:
- Inogadzira shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika muhurongwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro pane chigadzirwa kana maitiro ari kudzorwa.
- Iyo inogona kunge isingakwanise kuchengetedza yaidiwa setpoint nenzira kwayo, kunyanya mumasisitimu ane mahombe ekupisa.
- Inogona kukonzera kusakara uye kubvaruka pama switch emagetsi uye marelay, zvichitungamira kune dzimwe nguva kutsiva.
Linear Kudzora: Iyo Inyanzvi Yekuchengeta Inodiwa Zvinobuda
Linear control theory yakavakirwa pane akati wandei misimboti inotonga maitiro eiyo linear control masisitimu. Mitemo iyi inosanganisira:
- Nheyo yekuregeredza zvisingadiwe mhedzisiro: Iyi nheyo inofungidzira kuti chero isingadiwe mhedzisiro yehurongwa inogona kufuratirwa.
- Nheyo yekuwedzera: Iyi musimboti inonamatira kune iyo pfungwa yekuti kubuda kweiyo linear system ihuwandu hwezvakabuda zvinoburitswa nega rega rega.
- Musimboti wepamusoro-soro: Iyi musimboti inofungidzira kuti kuburitsa kwemutsara sisitimu ndiyo hwerengedzo yezvakabuda zvinoburitswa nega rega rega.
The Nonlinear Case
Kana hurongwa husina kuomerera kune misimboti yekuwedzera uye homogeneity, inoonekwa seisina mutsara. Muchiitiko ichi, defining equation inowanzoita square yematemu. Nonlinear masisitimu haazvibate nenzira imwe chete semitsetse masisitimu uye inoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekutonga.
Iyo Fuzzy Logic: Iyo Dynamic Kudzora System
Fuzzy logic imhando yekudzora sisitimu inoshandisa fuzzy seti kushandura chiratidzo chekuisa kuita chiratidzo chinobuda. Icho chimiro chemasvomhu chinoongorora maitiro ekuisa analog maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotora maitiro anoenderera mberi pakati pe 0 ne 1. Fuzzy logic isimba rekutonga rinogadzirisa rinogona kugadzirisa kuchinja kwechiratidzo chekuisa uye kugadzirisa chiratidzo chinobuda maererano.
Mienzaniso yeFuzzy Logic in Action
Fuzzy logic inoshandiswa muminda yakawanda kuita akawanda mabasa ekutonga. Heino mimwe mienzaniso:
- Kurapa kwemvura: Fuzzy logic inoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nemushonga wekurapa. Iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa kuyerera kunoenderana nemamiriro ezvino emvura uye inodiwa yekubuda mhando.
- HVAC masisitimu: Fuzzy logic inoshandiswa kudzora tembiricha uye hunyoro muchivakwa. Iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa tembiricha uye humidity zvichibva pane yazvino mamiriro echivako uye inodiwa yekunyaradza level.
- Traffic control: Fuzzy logic inoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwetraffic kuburikidza nemharadzano. Iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa nguva yemarambi emigwagwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvino traffic.
mhedziso
Saka, masisitimu ekudzora anoshandiswa kudzora maitiro mumaindasitiri mazhinji, uye anosanganisira kugadzira, kuita, uye kuchengetedza sisitimu inochengetedza kuburitsa kunoenderana kunyangwe shanduko mune yekuisa.
Iwe haugone kuenda zvisirizvo nehurongwa hwekutonga, saka usatya kushandisa imwe mune yako inotevera purojekiti! Saka, enda mberi uye udzore nyika yako!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.
