Girazi is amorphous (isina-crystalline) yakasimba zvinhu izvo zvinowanzo jeka uye zvine huzhinji hunoshanda, hwetekinoroji, uye hwekushongedza kushandiswa muzvinhu zvakaita se. hwindo panes, tableware, uye optoelectronics.
Inonyanya kuzivikanwa, uye nhoroondo yekare, marudzi egirazi anobva pamakemikari esilika (silicon dioxide), iyo yekutanga inoumba jecha. Izwi rekuti girazi, mukushandiswa kwakakurumbira, rinowanzo shandiswa kureva chete rudzi urwu rwezvinhu, izvo zvinozivikanwa kubva mukushandiswa segirazi rehwindo uye mumabhodhoro egirazi.
Pakati pemagirazi akawanda ane silica-based aripo, glazing yakajairwa uye girazi remidziyo inoumbwa kubva kune imwe mhando inonzi soda-lime girazi, inoumbwa ne75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) kubva sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, inonziwo lime (CaO), uye akati wandei madiki ekuwedzera.
Girazi rakajeka uye rakasimba requartz rinogona kugadzirwa kubva kune yakachena silica; mamwe macompounds ari pamusoro anoshandiswa kuvandudza tembiricha yekushanda kwechigadzirwa.
Mazhinji mashandisirwo emagirazi esilicate anobva mukujeka kwavo kwemaziso, izvo zvinopa kune imwe yemagirazi esilicate 'mashandisirwo ekutanga sepahwindo.
Girazi richaratidza uye refract chiedza; hunhu uhu hunogona kukwidziridzwa nekucheka nekupukuta kugadzira lenzi dzemaziso, maprisms, fine glassware, uye optical fibers for high speed transmission by light. Girazi rinogona kuvezwa nekuwedzera simbi yemunyu, uye inogona zvakare kupendwa.
Unhu uhwu hwakakonzera kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwegirazi mukugadzira zvinhu zveunyanzvi uye kunyanya, mahwindo egirazi ane mavara. Kunyangwe brittle, silicate girazi yakasimba zvakanyanya, uye mienzaniso mizhinji yezvimedu zvegirazi iripo kubva kune yekutanga kugadzira girazi tsika.
Nekuti girazi rinogona kuumbwa kana kuumbwa kuita chero chimiro, uye zvakare nekuti chigadzirwa chisina kuchena, chave chichishandiswa mumidziyo: mbiya, mavhasi, mabhodhoro, zvirongo uye magirazi ekunwira. Muchimiro chayo chakasimba chave chichishandiswawo kugadzira mapepa, mabhura, uye mabeads.
Kana yakasimudzwa segirazi fiber uye yakamisikidzwa semakushe egirazi nenzira yekuteya mhepo, inova iyo inopisa insulating zvinhu, uye kana aya magirazi mafiber akaiswa muorganic polymer plastiki, iwo akakosha ekusimbisa chikamu chikamu checomposite material fiberglass.
Musainzi, izwi rekuti girazi rinowanzotsanangurwa nenzira yakatambanudzwa, kusanganisa chese chakasimba chine chisiri chekristaro (kureva amorphous) chikero cheatomiki uye chinoratidza shanduko yegirazi kana ichidziya yakananga kumvura. Saka, porcelains uye akawanda epolymer thermoplastics anozivikanwa kubva mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese, magirazi emuviri zvakare.
Aya marudzi emagirazi anogona kugadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemidziyo: metallic alloys, ionic melts, aqueous solutions, molecular liquids, uye polymers.
Kune akawanda maapplication (mabhodhoro, eyewear) magirazi epolymer (acrylic girazi, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate) inzira yakareruka kune yechinyakare silica magirazi.
Kana ichishandiswa mumahwindo, inowanzonzi "glazing".
Mhando dzekupenya, kubva girazi rimwe kusvika Hr +++
Ndeapi marudzi egirazi aripo uye ndeapi mabasa emhando dzegirazi ane maitiro avo ekudzivirira.
Kune marudzi akawanda egirazi mazuva ano.
Izvi zvinonetsa kupenya kaviri neinsulation values dzavo.
Iyo yakakwirira iyo insulation values iri, iro rakawanda simba raunogona kuchengetedza.
Mhando dzegirazi dzinodzivirira imba yako, sokunge zvakadaro.
Ventilating yakakoshawo kune hunyoro hwako mumba mako.
Kana iwe ukasafemesa zvakanaka, iyo insulation haina kukosha.
Mhando dzegirazi dzinowanikwa muhukuru hwakawanda uye insulation values.
Mhando dzegirazi dzinogona kurongedzerwa muhukobvu hwakawanda.
Izvo zvinoenderana nekuti une hwindo rekesement kana furemu yakagadziriswa.
Ukobvu huri muhwindo rejasi hwakatetepa kupfuura iwo emapuranga, nokuti huni hwehuni hunosiyana.
Izvi hazvina mutsauko maererano nekushongedzwa kwemitengo.
Girazi rekare rimwe chete harisati rashandiswa, kuchine dzimba dzine rudzi urwu rwegirazi uye richiri kugadzirwa.
Ndakabva ndatanga ne insulating glass, inonziwo double glazing.
Girazi rine shizha remukati nekunze.
Pakati pane mweya kana gasi rinodzivirira.
Kubva kuH+ kuenda kuHR +++, mhando yemhando dzegirazi.
Hr + glazing inenge yakangofanana negirazi yekudzivirira, asi sekuwedzera ine kupisa-inoratidzira coating inoshandiswa pashizha, uye mhango izere nemhepo.
Ipapo iwe une HR ++ girazi, iyo iwe yaunogona kuenzanisa neHR girazi, chete mhango inozadzwa neArgon gasi.
Iko kukosha kwekudzivirira kunobva kwatova nani pane iyo HR +.
Iri girazi rinowanzoiswa uye rinowanzosangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira zvakanaka.
Kana iwe uchida kuitora imwe nhanho mberi, unogona zvakare kutora HR +++.
Girazi iri rakapetwa katatu uye rinozadzwa neargon gasi kana krypton.
HR +++ inowanzoiswa mudzimba dzichangobva kuvakwa, iyo mapuranga anenge atove akakodzera.
Kana iwe uchidawo kuiisa mumafuremu aripo, mafuremu ako anozofanirwa kuchinjirwa.
Ziva kuti HR+++ inodhura zvakanyanya.
Aya marudzi egirazi anogonawo kuwedzerwa se-sound-proof, fire-resistant, sun-regulating uye kuchengetedza girazi (laminated).
Muchinyorwa chinotevera ini ndichatsanangura maitiro ekugadzira girazi iwe pachako, zviri nyore kupfuura zvaunofunga.
Wakawana ichi chinyorwa chakakosha here?
Ndizivisei nekusiya mhinduro yakanaka.
BVD.
Pete deVries.
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Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.
