Latex ndiyo yakagadzikana dispersion (emulsion) yepolymer microparticles mune aqueous medium. Latexes inogona kunge yakasikwa kana yakagadzirwa.
Inogona kugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwepolymerizing monomer senge styrene iyo yakave emulsified ne surfactants.
Latex sezvinowanikwa muzvisikwa imvura ine mukaka inowanikwa mugumi kubva muzana yemiti yese inotumbuka (angiosperms).
Mune ino posvo isu tichafukidza:
Chii chiri muLatex?
Latex ipolymer yechisikigo inogadzirwa muchimiro chemukaka chinhu chinowanikwa mumakwati e Rubber miti. Ichi chinhu chinoumbwa ne hydrocarbon emulsion, inova musanganiswa we organic compounds. Latex inoumbwa netusero tudiki, migero, uye machubhu anowanikwa mumakwati emukati emuti.
Mhuri yeRubber
Latex imhando yerabha inobva mumuto wemiti yerabha, iyo iri chikamu chemhuri Euphorbiaceae. Zvimwe zvinomera mumhuri iyi zvinosanganisira milkweed, mulberry, dogbane, chicory, uye sunflower. Zvisinei, rudzi rwakawanda rwe latex runobva kurudzi rweHevea brasiliensis, runobva kuSouth America asi ruchibudirira munyika dzeSoutheast Asia seThailand neIndonesia.
Nzira Yokukohwa
Kuti vakohwe latex, vatepi vanocheka zvakatevedzana mumakwati emuti votora muto une mukaka unobuda. Maitiro acho haakuvadze muti, uye anogona kuramba achigadzira latex kweanosvika makore makumi matatu. Latex inochengetedzwa, ichiita kuti ive eco-hushamwari zvinhu.
The Composition
Latex inoumbwa nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana zverabha, 30 muzana yemvura, uye 60 muzana yezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai semapuroteni, resin, uye shuga. Simba uye elasticity ye latex inobva kumamorekuru ane cheni refu yerubha particles.
The Common Household Items
Latex inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yemumba, kusanganisira:
- Gloves
- Makondomu
- Balloons
- Elastic mabhandi
- Tennis mabhora
- Matiresi efuro
- Mazamu ebhodhoro remwana
Yunivhesiti Bachelor of Science muHorticulture
Semunhu ane Bachelor of Science muHorticulture, ndinogona kukuudza kuti maitiro ekugadzira latex anonakidza. Paunosvuura makwati emuti werabha, unogona kukanganisa madhaivhi anoratidza mukaka we latex muto. Zvinoshamisa kufunga kuti chinhu ichi chinogona kushandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvatinoshandisa mazuva ese.
Chokwadi Nekunobva Latex
Latex chinhu chakasikwa chinowanikwa mumakwati emiti yerabha, iyo inowanikwa kuSouth America. Mvura ine mukaka inoumbwa ne30 kusvika ku40 muzana yemvura uye 60 kusvika 70 muzana yerubha particles. Midziyo yelatex inokura mumhepo inotenderera yakatenderedza makwati emuti.
Mhando Dzakasiyana dzeMiti yeRubber
Kune marudzi akasiyana emiti yerabha, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa muti werabha wePará, unogara munzvimbo dzinopisa. Inowanzorimwa muminda yerabha, umo inogona kukohwa pamwero mukuru.
Iyo Processing Method
Kusandura latex kuita rabha kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei, anosanganisira kugwamba, kuwacha, uye kuomeswa. Panguva yekubatana, latex inobatwa neasidhi kuita kuti zvidimbu zverabha zviungane. Iyo yakasimba inoguma inosuka uye yakaomeswa kuti ibvise mvura yakawandisa uye kugadzira inogona kushandiswa rabha zvinhu.
Synthetic Latex vs Natural Latex
Synthetic latex inzira yakajairika kune yakasikwa latex. Inogadzirwa kubva mupetroleum-based chemicals uye inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakaita semetiresi nemapiro. Nepo synthetic latex yakachipa uye iri nyore kugadzira, haina simba rakafanana uye kusimba seyakasikwa latex.
Kudzidza NezveLatex
Semunyori ane Bachelor of Science muHorticulture, ndakadzidza zvakawanda nezve latex uye zvimiro zvayo. Ndichiri kushandira sevhisi muna Nyamavhuvhu, ndakaona kuti latex chinhu chinonakidza chine mashandisiro mazhinji. Kunyangwe iwe uchifarira iyo yakapfava fomu yelatex kana nzira dzakasiyana dzaanogona kugadziriswa nayo, pane nguva dzose zvakawanda zvekudzidza nezve chinhu ichi chinogoneka.
Kukohwa Latex: Inyanzvi yeKutora Zvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana
- Latex imvura ine mukaka inowanikwa mumakwati emiti yerabha, danda rakaomarara rinowanikwa kubva mumuti wePará rubber (Hevea brasiliensis).
- Kuti vatange kugadzira latex, vatepi vanocheka makwati matete kubva pamuti, vachiisa pachena midziyo yelatex ine mvura yacho.
- Iyo bark inochekwa nenzira yakatenderera, inozivikanwa se grooves, iyo inobvumira latex kuyerera kubva mumuti uye kupinda mumukombe wekuunganidza.
- Nzira yekukohwa latex inosanganisira nguva dzose kurova kwemuti, iyo inotanga kana muti wacho wava nemakore matanhatu uye inopfuurira kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.
Kuunganidza Sap: Kusikwa kweRaw Latex
- Kana bark richinge rachekwa, latex inoyerera ichibva mumuti ichipinda mukapu yekuunganidza.
- Matepi anonamira kumakapu ekuunganidza, achiatsiva sezvinodiwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakadzikama kwelatex.
- Muto waunganidzwa unozosefa kuti ubvise chero tsvina woiswa mumadhiramu kuti utakurwe.
- Vamwe vanogadzira vanoputa latex kuti vachengetedze vasati vatumirwa.
Kugadzira iyo Latex: Kubva Raw Material kusvika Kupedzwa Chigadzirwa
- Latex isati yashandiswa, inorapwa nemishonga yakawanda kuti ibvise tsvina nekuvandudza zvinhu zvayo.
- Nhanho yekutanga ndeye prevulcanization, iyo inosanganisira kudziyisa zvinyoro kubvisa mvura yakawandisa uye kudzikamisa zvinhu.
- Zvadaro, latex inokungurutswa kuita mapepa matete uye yakaomeswa kubvisa chero hunyoro hwasara.
- Acid inozowedzerwa kune akaomeswa mapepa kuti abvise chero tsvina yasara uye kuvandudza zvinhu zvezvinhu.
- Nhanho yekupedzisira inosanganisira kupisa latex kugadzira chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chagadzirira kushandiswa.
Kukosha Kwekukanganisa Chirimwa: Kukohwa Kunobata Sei Muti WeRubber
- Nepo kukohwa latex kuchidikanwa kugadzira rabha, kunogona kukanganisawo maitiro echirimwa.
- Makwati emuti ane madhakisi anotakura mvura nekudya muchirimwa chose.
- Kucheka makwati kunovhiringa migero iyi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukura uye utano hwomuti.
- Kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwekukohwa, vatepi vanoshandisa purogiramu yenguva dzose yekurova uye vanotenderedza miti yavanocheka kubva kuti vape nguva yekuti bako ripore.
Kusikwa kweRubha: Kubva kuLatex kuenda kuZvinhu
Kugadzirwa kwerabha kunotanga nekukohwa muto muchena, kana kuti latex, kubva pamiti yerabha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kucheka makwati emuti uye kuunganidza mvura iri mumidziyo, nzira inonzi tapping. Iyo latex inobva yabvumirwa kuyerera uye inounganidzwa mumakapu, ayo anoiswa zvakakodzera mumigero kana kuti mitsetse yakachekwa mumuti. Matepi anoenderera mberi nekuwedzera makapu sezvo kuyerera kwelatex kunowedzera, uye kuabvisa sezvo kuyerera kunoderera. Munzvimbo huru, latex inobvumirwa kubatana mumukombe wekuunganidza.
Kunatsa uye Kugadzira Latex muRubber
Kana iyo latex yaunganidzwa, inonatswa kuita rabha yakagadzirira kugadzirwa. Kugadzirwa kwerabha kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei, anosanganisira:
- Kusefa latex kubvisa chero tsvina
- Kurongedza latex yakasefa mumadhiramu ekufambisa
- Kusvuta latex ine asidhi, izvo zvinoita kuti ibatane uye igadzire masumbu
- Kutenderedza clumped latex kubvisa chero mvura yakawandisa
- Kuomesa latex yakakungurutswa kubvisa hunyoro hwasara
- Pre-vulcanization kemikari kurapwa kuti rabha riwedzere kusimba
Kupisa Kunyoro uye Kuvhiringidza Chirimwa
Kugadzirwa kwerabha kunosanganisirawo kudziyisa zvinyoro uye kukanganisa chirimwa. Izvi zvinoitwa nekurovera muti, izvo zvinokanganisa migero iyo latex inoyerera. Uku kukanganisa kunobvumira latex kuyerera zvakasununguka uye inowanzoita coagulate panzvimbo yekuunganidza. Iyo latex inobva yadziirwa kusvika pakudzikira kwakaderera, izvo zvinokanganisa katsika kechirimwa kekugwamba kwelatex. Kupisa uku kunonzi prevulcanization.
Final Processing uye Kugadzirwa
Kana latex yagadziriswa uye yanatswa, inenge yagadzirira kugadzirwa kwekupedzisira. Iyo rabha inosanganiswa nemakemikari akakodzera uye ekuwedzera kuti agadzire zvinhu zvinodikanwa, senge elasticity uye kusimba. Rabha rinobva raumbwa kuva maumbirwo nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sematai, magirovhosi, uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Iyo Synthetic Latex: Imwe Plastic Alternative
Kugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwelatex kunosanganisira nzira iri nyore yekusanganisa maviri petroleum compounds, Styrene neButadiene, pamwe chete. Muvhenganiswa uyu unobva wadziyirwa, zvoita kuti pave nekemikari inogadzirwa inoburitsa latex yekugadzira. Chigadzirwa chinobuda chinozotonhodzwa uye kuumbwa kuita akasiyana maumbirwo nemhando, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemusika.
Ndezvipi Zvakanakira zveSynthetic Latex?
Synthetic latex inopa akasiyana mabhenefiti pamusoro pechisikigo latex, kusanganisira:
- Kazhinji inotengwa zvakanyanya kupfuura natural latex
- Inowanikwa zvakanyanya pamusika
- Iyo inongogara yakasimba uye inopa kunzwa kunoenderana
- Inochengetedza chimiro chayo kwenguva yakareba
- Haina kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwekushisa, zvichiita kuti igadzikane kushandisa munzvimbo dzose dzinopisa uye dzinotonhorera
- Kazhinji hainyanyi kukwenya pane natural latex
- Inogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye zvigadzirwa, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemusika
Chii Chaunofanira Kufunga Paunenge Uchisarudza Pakati Pechisikigo uye Synthetic Latex?
Pakusarudza pakati pechisikigo uye synthetic latex, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekufunga, zvinosanganisira:
- Zvaunoda chaizvo uye zvaunofarira
- Izvo zvinogona kubatsira uye zvinokanganisa zvemhando yega yega ye latex
- Hunhu uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa
- Iyo kambani kana mhando inogadzira chigadzirwa
- Mutengo waunoda kubhadhara kune chigadzirwa
Iyo Latex vs Rubber Gakava: Ndeupi Musiyano?
Rubber, kune rumwe rutivi, ndicho chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chakagadzirwa kubva kune zvakasikwa kana synthetic latex. Iyo inowanzo reva kune yakasimba, isina mvura, uye elastic zvinhu zvine polymer microparticles mune aqueous mhinduro. Izwi rekuti 'rabha' rine tsananguro chaiyo kana ichienzaniswa ne 'latex,' iyo inoreva chimiro chemvura yechinhu.
Ndeipi Misiyano Yakakosha?
Nepo latex uye rubber zvinowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana, pane mimwe misiyano pakati pezviviri izvi:
- Latex imhando yemvura yerabha, nepo rubha ndicho chakapedzwa chigadzirwa.
- Latex chinhu chechisikigo chinogadzirwa kubva muto remiti yerabha, nepo rabha inogona kunge yakasikwa kana yekugadzira uye inowanzova petrochemical-based.
- Latex ine elastic zvakanyanya uye inoshingirira kune tembiricha, ukuwo rabha iri shoma shoma uye ine tembiricha inodzikira.
- Latex inowanzo shandiswa muvatengi uye zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, nepo rabha richiwanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri emotokari uye ekuvaka.
- Latex ine yakasarudzika chimiro inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kuzviuru zvemazuva ese kushandiswa, kusanganisira kubika, nepo rubha ichiwanzo shandiswa kune mamwe hunyanzvi maapplication.
- Latex yakanakira seismic sevhisi uye inobata zvakanaka mumaguta ane kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kune tembiricha nemvura, nepo rabha iri nani kuchengetedza uye kubata.
Ndezvipi Zvakanakira zveLatex?
Latex inopa zvikomborero zvakati kuti zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi erabha, kusanganisira:
- Icho chinhu chechisikigo chine ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye chakagadzikana.
- Iyo yakanyanya elastic uye inoshingirira kune tembiricha, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa.
- Haina mvura uye inopesana nemakemikari mazhinji, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa muvatengi uye zvigadzirwa zvekurapa.
- Zviri nyore kugadzira uye zvinogona kuwanikwa muhuwandu hukuru munzvimbo dzinopisa.
- Isarudzo yakakurumbira kune avo vane allergies, sezvo isingawanzo kuve nezvikamu zvakafanana seyakagadzirwa rubber.
mhedziso
Saka ipapo unayo- zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve latex. Iyo yakasikwa polima inogadzirwa inoumba mukaka unowanikwa mumakwati emiti yerabha. Chinhu chakanakisa chemarudzi ese emidziyo yemumba, kubva magirovhosi kusvika kumakondomu kusvika kumabharumu. Saka nguva inotevera yaunenge uchitsvaga zvekushandisa, funga nezve latex!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.
