Magnetic: A Complete Guide kune Magnetic Force uye Minda

Magnetism ikirasi yezviitiko zvemuviri zvinoyananiswa nemagineti minda. Magetsi emagetsi uye nguva dzakakosha dzemagineti ezvimedu zvekutanga zvinopa simba remagineti, rinoshanda pane mamwe mafungu uye magineti nguva.

Zvese zvinhu zvinopesvedzerwa kune imwe nhanho neiyo magnetic field. Mhedzisiro inonyanyo zivikanwa ndeye magineti echigarire, ane nguva dzisingaperi dzemagineti dzinokonzerwa neferromagnetism.

Simba reMagnetic Force

Magnetic force isimba rinoitwa pachikamu chinochaja chinofamba mundima yemagineti. Isimba iro riri perpendicular kune velocity yecharge particle uye magnetic field. Iri simba rinotsanangurwa neLorentz force equation, iyo inotaura kuti simba (F) rinoshanda pakuchaja (q) kufamba nevelocity (v) munzvimbo yemagineti (B) inopiwa ne equation F = qvBsinθ, apo θ ndiyo kona iri pakati pevelocity yechaji uye magnetic field.

Magnetic Force yakabatana sei neMagetsi Azvino?

Magnetic force inowirirana zvakanyanya nemagetsi. Kana simba remagetsi richiyerera nepawaya, rinogadzira simba remagineti rakatenderedza waya. Iyi magnetic field inogona kushandisa simba pane zvimwe zvinhu pamberi payo. Hukuru uye kutungamira kwesimba kunoenderana nesimba uye gwara remagineti.

Ndezvipi Zvishandiso Zvinopesvedzerwa neMagnetic Force?

Magnetic simba rinogona kukanganisa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu, zvinosanganisira:

• Magnetic zvinhu zvakadai sesimbi, simbi, uye nickel
• Kuitisa zvinhu zvakaita semhangura nealuminium
• Maerekitironi enhare mune kondakita
• Zvimedu zvakachajwa muplasma

Mienzaniso yeMagnetic Force in Action

Mimwe mienzaniso yemagineti simba mukuita inosanganisira:

• Magnets kukwezvana kana kudzorerana
• Zvinamirwa zvinonamira pafiriji kana gonhi nekuti zvakaiswa magineti
• Tsvimbo yesimbi ichidhonzerwa kune magineti yakasimba
• Waya yakatakura simba remagetsi iri kutsauswa munzvimbo ine magineti
• Kufamba kwakadzikama kwetsono yekambasi nekuda kweMagineti ePasi

Magnetic Force Inotsanangurwa Sei?

Simba remagineti rinotsanangurwa pachishandiswa mayuniti matsva (N) uye teslas (T). Iyo tesla iyuniti yesimba remagineti, uye inotsanangurwa sesimba rinoshanda pawaya inotakura ikozvino yeimwe ampere yakaiswa mune yunifomu yemagineti yeimwe tesla. Simba remagineti rinoshanda pachinhu rakaenzana nechigadzirwa chesimba remagineti uye kubhadharisa kwechinhu.

Ndeupi Rudzi rweMinda Yakabatana neMagnetic Force?

Magnetic simba ane hukama nemagetsi emagetsi. An electromagnetic field imhando yemunda inogadzirwa nekuvapo kwemachaji emagetsi uye mafungu. Iyo magnetic field chimwe chikamu che electromagnetic field, uye inogadzirwa nekufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi.

Zvese Zvinhu Zvinosangana NeMagnetic Force?

Hazvisi zvinhu zvese zvinosangana nemagineti simba. Chete zvinhu zvine net charge kana zvinotakura magetsi zvinosangana nemagineti simba. Zvinhu zvisina mambure echaji uye zvisina kutakura magetsi haawane magineti simba.

Chii chinonzi Hukama pakati peMagnetic Force uye Kuitisa Surfaces?

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Kana nzvimbo yekuitisa ikaiswa munzvimbo yemagineti, maerekitironi ari pamusoro anosangana nesimba nekuda kwesimba remagineti. Simba iri rinoita kuti maerekitironi afambe, izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nemhepo iri pamusoro. Ikozvino kuchaita, zvakare, kugadzira magnetic field iyo inopindirana neyokutanga magineti, zvichiita kuti pasi riwane simba.

Chii chinonzi Hukama pakati peMagnetic Force uye Hukuru hweVelocity yechinhu?

Simba remagineti rinoshanda pachinhu rinoenzanirana nekukura kwekumhanya kwechinhu. Kana chinhu chiri kukurumidza kufamba, simba remagineti rinenge rakasimba.

Iyo Inonakidza Nhoroondo yeMagineti

• Shoko rokuti “magineti” rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti “magnes,” iro rinoreva rudzi runokosha rwedombo rinowanikwa muTurkey paGomo reIda.
• MaChina ekare akawana matombo ekugara, ari magineti echisikigo akagadzirwa nesimbi oxide, makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri apfuura.
• Musayendisiti wechiRungu William Gilbert akasimbisa zvakamboonekwa pamusoro pemagineti mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, kusanganisira kuvapo kwemagineti pole.
• Musayendisiti wechiDutch Christian Oersted akawana hukama pakati pemagetsi nemagnetism muna 1820.
• Nyanzvi yefizikisi yechiFrench Andre Ampere akawedzera pabasa raOersted, achidzidza hukama pakati pemagetsi nemagnetism uye nekuvandudza pfungwa yemagnetic field.

Kuvandudzwa kwePermanent Magnets

• Mumakore ekutanga emagnetism, vaongorori vaifarira kugadzira magineti akasimba uye ane simba.
• Mumakore ekuma1930, vatsvakurudzi vepaSumitomo vakagadzira alloy yesimbi, aruminiyamu, uye nickel iyo yakagadzira magineti ine simba rakakwirira kudarika chero zvinhu zvakapfuura.
• Mumakore ekuma1980, vatsvakurudzi veAcademy of Sciences muMoscow vakaunza rudzi rutsva rwemagineti yakagadzirwa neodymium, iron, uye boron (NdFeB), inova iyo magineti yakasimba kwazvo iripo nhasi.
• Magineti emazuva ano anogona kuburitsa magineti ane masimba anosvika makumi mashanu nemaviri mega-Gauss-oersteds (MGOe), iyo yakakura zvichienzaniswa ne52 MGOe inogadzirwa nematombo ekugara.

Basa reMagineti muKugadzira Simba

• Magnets anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwesimba kubva kumaturbine emhepo nemadhamu emagetsi.
• Magnets anoshandiswawo mumagetsi emagetsi, ayo anowanikwa mune zvese kubva kumotokari kusvika kumidziyo yemumba.
• Kufarira magineti kunobva mukukwanisa kwavo kugadzira magineti, ayo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira simba remagetsi.

Ramangwana ReMagineti

• Masayendisiti ari kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva uye budiriro mune magineti, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwepasi isingawanzo simbi uye alloys.
• Iyo neo magineti irudzi rutsva rwemagineti yakasimba kupfuura chero magineti apfuura uye ine mukana wekushandura munda wemagnetism.
• Sezvo kunzwisisa kwedu magineti kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, ivo vachaita basa rinowedzera kukosha munharaunda dzepamusoro tekinoroji.

Kuongorora Nyika Inonakidza yeMagnetism

Magnetism chivakwa chine zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinovatendera kukwezva kana kudzinga zvimwe zvinhu. Mhando dzemagnetism dzinosanganisira:

• Diamagnetism: Iyi mhando yemagineti iripo mune zvese zvinhu uye inokonzerwa nekufamba kwemaerekitironi muzvinhu. Kana chinhu chikaiswa munzvimbo ine magineti, ma electrons ari muzvinhu anoburitsa magetsi anopikisana nemagineti. Izvi zvinoguma nekushaya simba repulsion effect, iyo inowanzosaonekwa.

• Paramagnetism: Rudzi urwu rwemagineti ruripo mune zvese zvinhu, asi yakanyanya kusimba pane diamagnetism. Mune zvinhu zveparamagnetic, nguva dzemagineti dzema electrons hadzina kuenderana, asi dzinogona kurongeka nekunze kwemagineti. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive zvisina kusimba kukwezvwa kune magnetic field.

• Ferromagnetism: Iyi mhando yemagnetism ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye ndizvo zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji pavanonzwa izwi rekuti "magineti." Ferromagnetic zvinhu zvinokwezvwa zvakasimba kumagineti uye zvinogona kuchengetedza zvimiro zvavo zvemagineti kunyangwe mushure mekubviswa kwemagineti ekunze. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nguva dzemagineti dzemaerekitironi muzvinhu zvakarongedzerwa munzira imwe chete, zvichigadzira simba remagineti.

Sayenzi Inoseri kweMagnetism

Magnetism inogadzirwa nekufamba kwemachaji emagetsi, senge maerekitironi, mune chinhu. Iyo magnetic field inogadzirwa nemhosva idzi inogona kutsanangurwa seti yemitsara inoumba magnetic field. Kusimba kwesimba remagineti kunosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemachaji aripo uye dhigirii raanoenderana nawo.

Chimiro chechinhu chinoitawo basa mune zvayo magineti. Mune ferromagnetic zvinhu, semuenzaniso, nguva dzemagineti dzemamorekuru dzakarongedzerwa munzira imwechete, ichigadzira simba remagineti. Mune diamagnetic zvinhu, iwo magineti nguva dzakanangidzirwa zvisina tsarukano, zvichikonzera kusasimba kwekudzosera maitiro.

Kukosha Kwekunzwisisa Magnetism

Magnetism chinhu chakakosha chechinhu chine zvakawanda zvinoshanda. Dzimwe nzira dzinoshandiswa nemagnetism dzinosanganisira:

• Magetsi emagetsi nemajenareta: Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandisa magineti minda kugadzira kufamba kana kugadzira magetsi.

• Magnetic kuchengetedza: Magnetic minda anoshandiswa kuchengetedza data pane zvakaoma dhiraivha uye mamwe marudzi emagineti ekuchengetedza midhiya.

• Medical imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inoshandisa magineti magineti kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemuviri.

• Magnetic levitation: Magnetic minda inogona kushandiswa kurevesa zvinhu, izvo zvine maapplication mukufambisa nekugadzira.

Kunzwisisa magnetism kwakakosha zvakare kune masayendisiti uye mainjiniya anoshanda nezvinhu. Nekunzwisisa magineti echinhu, ivo vanogona kugadzira zvinhu zvine chaiwo magineti zvimiro zvekushandisa kwakasiyana.

Kuongorora Magnetic Minda muZvinhu

Simba remagineti rinotsanangurwa muzvikamu zveampere pamamita (A/m). Kusimba kwesimba remagineti kune hukama nehukuru hwemagineti flux, inova nhamba yemitsara yemagineti inopfuura nepanzvimbo yakapihwa. Kutungamira kwemagnetic field kunotsanangurwa nevector, iyo inonongedza munzira yesimba remagineti pachaji yakanaka inofamba mumunda.

Basa reMaconductor muMagnetic Fields

Zvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi, zvakadai semhangura kana aluminium, zvinogona kukanganiswa nemagnetic fields. Kana simba remagetsi richiyerera kuburikidza nekondukita, magnetic field inogadzirwa iyo inotenderera kune nzira yekuyerera kwezvino. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sekutonga-kurudyi, uko chigunwe chinonongedza munzira yekuyerera kwazvino, uye zvigunwe zvinomonereka zvichienda kune iyo magnetic field.

Iwo chaiwo Mhando dzeMagnetic Materials

Kune maviri chaiwo marudzi emagineti zvinhu: ferromagnetic uye paramagnetic. Ferromagnetic zvinhu, zvakaita sesimbi, nickel, uye cobalt, zvine simba remagineti uye zvinogona kukwizwa. Paramagnetic zvinhu, senge aruminiyamu neplatinamu, zvine simba remagineti risina kusimba uye harisi magineti nyore nyore.

Iyo Electromagnet: Chishandiso Chine Simba Chinofambiswa neMagetsi

Magineti emagetsi imhando yemagineti inogadzirwa nekumhanyisa magetsi kuburikidza newaya. Iyo waya inowanzoputirwa nepakati pesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana imwe magnetic material. Nheyo yemagetsi ndeyekuti kana magetsi achiyerera nepawaya, anogadzira magineti akatenderedza waya. Nekuputira waya mucoil, iyo magineti inosimbiswa, uye iyo inoguma magineti yakasimba kupfuura yenguva dzose magineti.

MaElectromagnets Anodzorwa Sei?

Simba remagetsi emagetsi rinogona kudzorwa zviri nyore nekushandura huwandu hwemagetsi anoyerera kuburikidza nawo. Nekuwedzera kana kuderedza huwandu hwezvino, iyo magnetic field inogona kupera simba kana kusimbiswa. Matanda emagetsi emagetsi anogona kutodzoserwa kumashure nekudzoreredza kuyerera kwemagetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti magineti emagetsi abatsire zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.

Ndezvipi Zvimwe Zviedzo Zvinonakidza neElectromagnets?

Kana iwe uchifarira sainzi kuseri kwemagetsi emagetsi, pane zvakawanda zvinonakidza zviedzo zvaunogona kuedza kumba. Heano mamwe mazano:

• Gadzira magineti emagetsi akapfava nekuputira tambo pazvipikiri woibatanidza nebhatiri. Ona kuti mangani mapepa emapepa aunogona kutora ne electromagnet yako.
• Vaka mota iri nyore uchishandisa electromagnet uye bhatiri. Nekupuruzira iyo polarity yebhatiri, unogona kuita kuti mota itenderere iri mhiri.
• Shandisa electromagnet kugadzira jenareta iri nyore. Nekutenderedza coil yewaya mukati megineti, unogona kugadzira mashoma emagetsi.

Pakazere, kuvepo kwemagineti emagetsi kunokwereta kukosha kwayo kune chokwadi chekuti inogona kudzorwa nyore nemagetsi, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mumidziyo yakawanda uye maapplication.

Magnetic Dipoles: Zvivako zvekuvaka zveMagnetism

Magnetic dipoles ndiwo akakosha ekuvaka magineti. Ndiwo chidimbu chidiki chemagnetism uye chinoumbwa nemagineti madiki anonzi maerekitironi. Aya maerekitironi aripo mumamorekuru echinhu uye anokwanisa kugadzira magnetic field. A magnetic dipole ingori loop yezvino iyo inoumbwa nezvakanaka uye zvakaipa mhosva.

Basa reMagnetic Dipoles

Magnetic dipoles anoita basa rinoshanda muchimiro uye basa remakomponi mazhinji. Ivo vanowanzove varipo mune yakajairwa waya uye dunhu, uye kuvapo kwavo kwakanangana neiyo magineti simba. Iyo magnetic field simba inopiwa nenzvimbo yechiuno uye ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nayo.

Kukosha kweMagnetic Dipoles muMedical Science

Magnetic dipoles ane zvakawanda zvakakosha musayenzi yezvokurapa. Iwo anoshandiswa kugadzira magineti madiki anogona kushandiswa kuongorora nekurapa akasiyana siyana ekurapa. Kushandiswa kwemagnetic dipoles musayenzi yezvokurapa kunonzi magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI inonzwika uye yakachengeteka nzira yekurapa inoshandisa magineti dipoles kugadzira mifananidzo yemukati memuviri.

mhedziso

Saka, magineti zvinoreva chinhu chinokwezva kana kudzinga magineti. Isimba rine hukama nemagetsi uye magineti. Unogona kuishandisa kubata zvinhu pafiriji kana kuita kambasi kunongedza kuchamhembe. Saka, usatya kuishandisa! Hazvina kuoma sezvazvinoratidzika. Ingorangarira mitemo uye iwe unenge wakanaka.

Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.