Kune iyo tekinoroji, ona Photography. Mufananidzo kana pikicha mufananidzo wakagadzirwa nechiedza chinowira panzvimbo inonzwa chiedza, kazhinji firimu remifananidzo kana svikiro remagetsi seCCD kana CMOS chip.
Mapikicha mazhinji anogadzirwa pachishandiswa kamera, iyo inoshandisa lenzi kutarisisa mafungu echiedza anooneka kuti abudise zvaizoonekwa neziso remunhu. Maitiro uye maitiro ekugadzira mafoto anonzi mafoto.
Izwi rekuti "mufananidzo" rakagadzirwa muna 1839 naSir John Herschel uye rakavakirwa pashoko rechiGiriki φῶς (phos), rinoreva "chiedza", uye γραφή (graphê), zvichireva "kudhirowa, kunyora", pamwe chete zvichireva "kudhirowa nechiedza".
Mune ino posvo isu tichafukidza:
Kuburitsa Zvinorehwa Nemufananidzo
Mufananidzo hausi mufananidzo wakapfava wakatorwa nekamera kana smartphone. Imhando yeunyanzvi inotora chinguva chidiki nenguva, ichigadzira dhizaini yechiedza inorekodhwa pamusoro pefotosensitive surface. Shoko rekuti “photograph” rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti “phōs” rinoreva chiedza uye “graphē” rinoreva kudhirowa.
Midzi Yekutorwa Kwemifananidzo
Midzi yekutora mifananidzo inogona kurondwa kumashure kuma1800s apo mifananidzo yekutanga yemifananidzo yakagadzirwa pachishandiswa firimu remifananidzo. Nhasi, nekuuya kwe tekinoroji yedhijitari, mafoto anogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa emagetsi mapikicha masensa seCCD kana CMOS machipisi.
The Contemporary Themes uye Concepts of Photography
Kutora mifananidzo kwakashanduka kubva pakungorekodhwa kuri nyore kwechifananidzo kuenda kune yakaoma art fomu inoongorora akasiyana madingindira uye pfungwa. Mamwe emazuva ano matema uye pfungwa dzekutora mifananidzo dzinosanganisira:
- Portraiture: kutora hunhu hwemunhu kuburikidza nemufananidzo wavo
- Landscape: kutora runako rwezvisikwa uye nharaunda
- Hupenyu huchiripo: kubata kunaka kwezvinhu zvisina hupenyu
- Abstract: kuongorora kushandiswa kwemavara, chimiro, uye chimiro kugadzira mufananidzo wakasarudzika
Basa reTekinoroji muKutora Mifananidzo
Tekinoroji yakaita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kwekutora mifananidzo. Nekuunzwa kwezvirongwa zvekombuta uye makamera edhijitari, vatora mifananidzo vanogona ikozvino kushandura nekusimudzira mifananidzo yavo kuti vagadzire akasiyana uye anokatyamadza mabasa eunyanzvi.
Kuongorora Nyika Inofadza Yemhando Yemifananidzo uye Zvitaera
Kana zvasvika pakutora mifananidzo, kune marudzi akasiyana emifananidzo aunogona kutora. Heano mamwe emhando dzekutanga dzemifananidzo dzaunogona kufunga nezvazvo:
- Nature Photography: Rudzi urwu rwekutora mifananidzo runosanganisira kutora runako rwezvisikwa, kusanganisira nzvimbo, makomo, uye mhuka dzesango.
- Portrait Photography: Rudzi urwu rwekutora mifananidzo runosanganisira kutora hunhu hwemunhu kana boka revanhu. Inogona kuitwa mu studio kana kunze, uye inogona kuve yakarongeka kana yakajairika.
- Yakanaka Art Photography: Iyi mhando yekutora mifananidzo ndeye kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakasiyana uye chine simba. Zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemutori wemifananidzo uye maonero, uye zvinogona kusanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvitaera nemhando.
Iwo akasiyana masitaera uye Marudzi eMafoto
Kutora mifananidzo musanganiswa wezvitaera zvakasiyana uye marudzi. Heano mamwe eanonyanya kufarirwa uye ane mukurumbira masitaera uye marudzi ekutora mafoto:
- Landscape Photography: Iyi mhando yekutora mifananidzo ndeye kutora runako rwezvisikwa, kusanganisira makomo, masango, uye nyanza. Inoda imwe setup uye ziso rakajeka reruzivo.
- Street Photography: Iyi mhando yekutora mifananidzo inosanganisira kutora hupenyu hwemazuva ese hwevanhu munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Zvinoda kudzidzira kwakawanda uye kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwezvimiro zvekamera yako.
- Nhema uye Muchena Photography: Iyi mhando yekutora mifananidzo ndeye kushandisa chiedza uye mumvuri kugadzira ine simba uye yakasarudzika mufananidzo. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemaumbirwo uye mitsetse inogona kushandura chiitiko chakareruka kuita chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa.
Iko Kushanduka Kwemifananidzo: Kubva kuNiépce kuenda kuna Luc
Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, mumwe murume wokuFrance ainzi Joseph Nicéphore Niépce akafarira kutsvaka nzira yokubudisa nayo mifananidzo yechigarire. Akaedza nemitoo yakasiana-siana, kubatanidza mifananidzo yakatemwa neoiri, asi hapana yakabudirira. Pakupedzisira, muna February 1826, akabudisa mufananidzo wokutanga achishandisa nzira yaakadana kuti heliography. Akaisa pewter plate yakanamirwa nemushonga usinganzwi chiedza mukamera ndokuiisa pachiedza kwemaawa akati wandei. Nzvimbo dzakavhenekerwa nechiedza dzakava nerima, zvichisiya mativi epamusoro eplate asina kubatwa. Niépce akabva ageza ndiro yacho nesolvent, achisiya mufananidzo wakasiyana, wakarurama wekuona pamberi pekamera.
Iyo Daguerreotype: Yekutanga Yakakurumbira Fomu Yekutora Mafoto
Maitiro aNiépce akakwenenzverwa nemumwe wake, Louis Daguerre, zvichikonzera daguerreotype, yekutanga inoshanda maitiro ekutora mifananidzo. Mutoo waDaguerre waisanganisira kuisa ndiro yemhangura yesirivha pachiedza, izvo zvakagadzira mufananidzo une udzame wakabva wagadzirwa nemercury vapor. Daguerreotype yakave yakakurumbira muma1840 nema1850, uye shasha zhinji dzehunyanzvi dzakabuda panguva iyi.
Iyo Wet Plate Collodion Maitiro: Kufambira mberi Kwakakosha
Pakati pezana remakore rechi19, nzira itsva inonzi wet plate collodion process yakagadzirwa. Iyi nzira yaisanganisira kupfekedza ndiro yegirazi nemushonga usinganzwi chiedza, woiisa pachena, wobva wagadzira mufananidzo. Iyo wet plate collodion process yakavandudza zvakanyanya kugona kuburitsa mafoto pamwero wakakura uye yakashandiswa kunyora Hondo yeVanhu veAmerica.
The Digital Revolution
Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, kutorwa kwemifananidzo kwedhijitari kwakabuda senzira nyowani yekugadzira mafoto. Izvi zvaisanganisira kushandisa kamera yedhijitari kutora mufananidzo, waigona kuzoonekwa nekugadziriswa pakombuta. Kugona kuona nekugadzirisa mafoto ipapo kwachinja zvakanyanya matorero atinoita nekugovana mafoto.
mhedziso
Saka, ndizvo zvakaita mufananidzo. Mufananidzo wakatorwa nekamera, kana foni mazuva ano, inotora nguva munguva uye inoumba art.
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekutora mifananidzo ikozvino iwe unoziva izvo zvekutanga, uye iwe unogona kugara uchitarisa kune vamwe vevakuru vemifananidzo vakatikurudzira nebasa ravo. Saka usanyara uye edza!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.
