Varnish imvura kana paste yakagadzirwa neresin uye inonyungudutsa inoiswa pamusoro uye yakaomeswa kuita firimu rakaoma. Inoshandiswa kuchengetedza nekunakisa huni, simbi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Mugwaro iri, ini ndichatsanangura kuti varnish chii, kuti inoshanda sei, uye kuti inoshandiswa sei.
Mune ino posvo isu tichafukidza:
Zvaunoda Kuziva Nezve Varnish
Varnish yakajeka, yakajeka kana yakasvibiswa bemhapemha iyo inoshandiswa pamapuranga epamusoro kuti awedzere chitarisiko chavo uye nekupa dziviriro kubva mukukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekupfeka uye kubvarura, UV maranzi, uye zvimwe zvakatipoteredza. Chishandiso chakakosha kune chero munhu anoshanda pachirongwa chemapuranga, ingave fenicha, zvidimbu zvemifananidzo, kana nzvimbo dzemapuranga dzakatarisana nekusakara uye kubvaruka.
Kukosha Kwekusarudza Rudzi Rwakakodzera rweVarnish
Kusarudza rudzi rwakanaka rwevarnish yeprojekti yako inogona kuva sarudzo inovhiringidza. Nemhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana neshanduro dziripo, zvakakosha kuti uzive mutsauko uripo pakati padzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unowana iyo yakakodzera pane zvaunoda. Mamwe emhando huru dzevarnish anosanganisira echisikigo, ekugadzira, uye resin varnishes, imwe neimwe iine yayo yakasarudzika zvikamu uye nhanho yekusimba.
Kushandisa Varnish Zvakanaka
Kuisa varnish kunosanganisira zvakawanda kupfuura kungoikwesha pamusoro. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti varnish inogadzika zvakanaka uye inopa dziviriro inodiwa, zvakakosha kutevedzera maitiro akakodzera. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kujecha pamusoro, kusarudza bhurasho rakakodzera, uye kushandisa akawanda akaturikidzana evarnish.
Iyo Yakasiyana-siyana yeVarnish
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei varnish yakakurumbira ndeyekuita kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavara uye mavara, zvichienderana nerudzi rwevarnish uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Pamusoro pekusimudzira kutaridzika kwehuni hwemapuranga, varnish inogonawo kushandiswa setopcoat yekupenda uye zvimwe zvidimbu zveunyanzvi, kuwedzera kudzika uye hupfumi kune mavara.
Izvo Zvakanakira Varnish pamusoro pePolyurethane
Nepo polyurethane iri imwe yakakurumbira kupfekwa kwenzvimbo dzemapuranga, varnish ine mamwe mabhenefiti akasiyana anoiisa parutivi. Semuenzaniso, varnish inowanzooma uye inodzivirira kupfuura polyurethane, uye inogona kuve yakasvibiswa kuti iwedzere ruvara pamusoro. Uyezve, varnish inowanikwa mumitauro yakasiyana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana shanduro yakakodzera yezvaunoda.
Kuve nechokwadi Kudzivirirwa Kwakafanira neVarnish
Pamusoro pekuwedzera kutaridzika kwenzvimbo dzemapuranga, varnish chishandiso chakakosha chekuchengetedza kwakaringana kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekupfeka uye kubvaruka, UV maranzi, uye zvimwe zvakatipoteredza. Nokusarudza rudzi rwakanaka rwevarnish uye nekuishandisa zvakanaka, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzako dzehuni dzinoramba dziri mumamiriro akanaka kwenguva yakareba.
Iyo Yakasarudzika Nhoroondo yeVarnish
Varnishing inyanzvi yekare inodzokera kuEgypt yekare. Mavarnish ekutanga akagadzirwa nekusanganisa resin, senge pine pitch, neanonyungudutsa uye kuaisa nebhurasho kuti awane mhedzisiro yaunoda. Kushandiswa kwevarnish kwakapararira kwemazana emakore, nevapendi nemhizha vachiishandisa kuchengetedza nekusimudzira basa ravo.
Iyo Medieval Era uye Beyond
Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi14, Cennino Cennini, mumwe mupendi wokuItaly, akanyora manyoro ainyanya kutaura nezvekugadzira varnish. Akatsanangura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira varnish, kusanganisira kushandisa chingamu kubva mumuti, glair, uye kunyange gariki nehuchi sekuwedzera. Zvisinei, akashorawo kushandiswa kwevarnish, achiyambira kuti inogona kutsvuka nekufamba kwenguva.
Iyo Renaissance uye Yekutanga Yemazuvano Period
Muzana remakore rechi17, chiremba weSwitzerland uye alchemist Theodor de Mayerne akabudisa bhuku pamusoro peunyanzvi hwekupenda, iro raisanganisira mabikirwo evarnish. Akakurudzira kushandisa zai yolk nevhiniga sevarnish yemifananidzo. Muzana ramakore rechi 18, chiremba wokuScotland Alexander Carlyle akapa mirayiridzo yependi yakadzokera shure pagirazi vachishandisa varnish.
Makore ekuma19 uye ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20
Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, vapendi vokuAmerica Richard naJennys Van Vleck vakapa mirayiridzo yokushandisa vanishi mubhuku ravo rinonzi “The Practice of Painting and Drawing.” Vakakurudzira kushandisa varnish kuchengetedza mifananidzo kubva kuguruva uye tsvina. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, Vincent van Gogh akashandisa vanishi mumifananidzo yake yekupenda kuti aite kupenya.
Varnish Nhasi
Nhasi, vanishi ichiri kushandiswa nevapendi nemhizha kuchengetedza nekusimudzira basa ravo. Varnishes yemazuva ano inogadzirwa nemafuta ekugadzira uye zvinonyungudutsa, uye anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kune matte kusvika kune yakakwirira gloss. Varnish inoshandiswawo mukugadzira huni kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera kunaka kwehuni.
Mhando Dzakawanda dzeVarnish: Ndeipi Yakakukodzera Iwe?
Kana zvasvika pakupedzwa kwehuni, varnish isarudzo yakakurumbira nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye kuita kwakaoma. Asi waiziva here kuti kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi evarnish aripo? Imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa kuita chimwe chiitiko kana kuvandudza imwe nzvimbo yekuonekwa kwehuni kana kudzivirira. Muchikamu chino, tichanyatsotarisisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana evarnish uye maitiro avo akasiyana.
Iwo Akasarudzika Mamiriro eRudzi Rumwe rweVarnish
Heano mamwe emamwe akasiyana maficha ane hukama nemhando yega yega varnish:
- Oiri-based varnish: Rudzi urwu rwevarnish rwakasiyana-siyana uye runogona kushandiswa pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu. Iyo yakanakawo pakudzivirira huni kubva mumvura uye zvimwe zvinhu. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti zviome zvakanaka uye zvingada nhanho dzekuomeswa dzakawedzerwa.
- Mvura-based varnish: Iyi mhando yevarnish iri nyore kuchenesa uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Inooma nekukurumidza kupfuura mafuta-based varnish uye haigone kuve yero nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, inogona kunge isina kuomarara kana kusimba semafuta-based varnish uye ingangoda mamwe majasi kuti iwane dhigirii rekudzivirira.
- Polyurethane varnish: Rudzi urwu rwevarnish rwakasiyana-siyana uye runogona kushandiswa pane zvakasiyana siyana zvezvinhu. Iyo yakaoma, yakasimba, uye inoshingirira kuita kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinhu. Inowanikwa mumagumo akasiyana, kusanganisira matte, satin, uye inopenya. Zvisinei, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kubvisa kana yashandiswa uye inogona kunge isina kunaka kune mamwe marudzi ehuni kana kupedza.
- Spar varnish: Iyi mhando yevarnish yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushandiswa kwekunze uye inopikisa zvakanyanya kumvura nezvimwe zvinhu. Nekudaro, inogona kunge isingaite semamwe marudzi evarnish uye inogona kunge isina kukodzera kushandiswa kwemukati.
- Mumhanzi chiridzwa varnish: Rudzi urwu rwevarnish yakatetepa zvakanyanya uye yakakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya, ichibvumira iyo chaiyo tsanga yehuni kuratidza. Yakagadzirirwawo kuvandudza kushanda kwechiridzwa nekubvumira huni kuti izununguke zvakasununguka. Inowanikwa mumagumo akasiyana, kusanganisira matte uye anopenya. Zvisinei, inogona kunge isingakodzeri mamwe marudzi ehuni inopera uye inogona kuda simba shoma rekushandisa zvakanaka.
Kushandisa Varnish: Nhanho-neNhanho Gwaro
Usati watanga kushandisa varnish kune purojekiti yako yehuni, unoda kuve nechokwadi kuti nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsogadzirirwa. Hezvino zvaunofanira kuita:
- Ijecha pamusoro nesandpaper yakanaka grit kubvisa chero mavara akaoma uye kugadzira nzvimbo yakatsetseka. Sanding inobatsirawo varnish kunamatira zviri nani kune huni.
- Chenesa pamusoro nerag uye mineral spirit kuti ubvise chero guruva kana marara. Iva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yacho yakaoma zvachose usati waenda kune imwe nhanho inotevera.
Kusarudza Varnish yakarurama
Kune akasiyana mavarnish aripo, imwe neimwe ine nhanho yavo yesheen uye kusimba. Hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga kana uchisarudza iyo chaiyo varnish yepurojekiti yako:
- Mavarnish echinyakare anogadzirwa kubva kumafuta echisikigo uye resin, nepo mavarnish ekugadzira anogadzirwa kubva mukugadzira zvinhu. Synthetic varnishes anowanzo kusimba uye anopa dziviriro iri nani kubva kune UV mwaranzi.
- Mamwe mavhanishi anoda kutetepa asati aiswa, asi mamwe anogona kushandiswa akananga kunze kwegaba. Verenga iyo label zvakanyatsonaka kuti uone kana varnish yako inoda kutetepa.
- Kana iwe uchida kupera kwepamusoro, sarudza tsika kana varnish yakachena. Aya mavarnish anodhura, asi anopa huwandu hwepamusoro hwekujekesa uye kudzika.
Kusanganisa uye Kuisa Varnish
Iye zvino zvawasarudza iyo varnish yakakodzera, inguva yekutanga kuishandisa kupurojekiti yako yehuni. Heino maitiro ekuzviita:
- Gadzirai varnish zvakakwana usati watanga. Kubvongodza kunovimbisa kuti musanganiswa wacho wakanyatsobatanidzwa uye unoguma nekuguma kunoenderana.
- Dururira varnish mumudziyo wakachena uye peta rag mupedhi. Dzvora padhi muvarnish uye zvinyoronyoro uipukute pahuni, uchishanda munzira yezviyo. Ita shuwa kuvhara nzvimbo yese zvakaenzana.
- Bvumira varnish kuti iome maererano nemirairo yemugadziri. Izvi zvinogona kutora chero kubva maawa mashoma kusvika husiku.
- Kana varnish yaoma, jecha pasi pasi zvishoma ne grit sandpaper yakanaka. Izvi zvichabatsira kutsvedzerera chero mavara akaoma uye kugadzirira pamusoro pejasi rekupedzisira.
- Isa chipfeko chechipiri chevarnish uchishandisa nzira imwechete sepakutanga. Bvumira kuti iome zvachose isati yaenda kune imwe nhanho inotevera.
Kugunzva kwekupedzisira
Iye zvino zvawaisa iyo yekupedzisira jasi revarnish, inguva yekuwedzera mamwe ekupedzisira kubata kune yako huni purojekiti. Hezvino zvaunofanira kuita:
- Jecha pamusoro pepasi zvishoma nekatsetseka grit sandpaper kubvisa chero mavara akaomarara kana madrip.
- Chenesa pamusoro nerag uye mineral spirit kuti ubvise chero guruva kana marara.
- Zvichienderana nerudzi rwevarnish yawakashandisa, ungada kuisa wakisi yakakosha kana polish kumusoro kuti ubudise kupenya.
- Bvumira nzvimbo kuti iome zvachose usati washandisa kana kubata chidimbu chako chehuni.
Yeuka, kushandisa varnish kunogona kuve kwakaoma maitiro, asi nemaitiro akakodzera uye kugadzirira, unogona kuwana kupera kwakakwana nguva dzese.
Iyo Isiri-Saka-Yakanaka Side yeVarnish
Varnish ndeyechinyakare chekudzivirira chifukidziro chehuni, asi kwete ese marudzi evarnish akakodzera kune yega purojekiti. Heano mamwe marudzi evarnish uye zvipingamupinyi zvavo:
- Oiri-based varnishes: Aya mavhanishi anowanzo shandiswa mukati memapuranga emukati, asi anowanzo kuve yero nekufamba kwenguva uye ane yakaderera density, zvinoreva kuti majasi akawanda anodiwa kune yakakwirira yekudzivirira.
- Synthetic varnishes: Aya mavhanishi ari nyore kuisa uye kuoma nekukurumidza kupfuura mafuta-based varnishes, asi ane zvinonyungudutsa zvinoburitsa zvakaipa mumuviri uye zvakatipoteredza.
- Mavarnish emweya: Aya mavhanishi anoumbwa nemusanganiswa weresin nedoro uye akanakira zviridzwa, asi haana kukodzera mapurojekiti ekunze nekuti anonyungudika mumvura nemoto.
Vanotanga Wana Varnish Yakaoma Kuisa
Varnish imhando yakakosha yejasi inoda imwe marongerwo uye tekiniki kuti ibudise yakanaka uye kunyange kupera. Vanotanga vanozoona kuti varnish inogona kunetsa kuisa nekuti:
- Varnish inomesa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoreva kuti inoda machira akawanda kuti iwane mhedzisiro yaunoda.
- Varnish yakaonda kupfuura mamwe sealants, zvinoreva kuti inoda mamwe majasi kuti ibudise yakakwirira yekudzivirira.
- Varnish inoda mhando yakakosha yevatete kuti ivandudze density yayo uye kusimba.
Yellow and Dryy inyaya dzakajairika
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinowanzoitika zvevarnish ndezvekuti inowanzoita yero nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya kana yakavhenekwa nezuva. Uyezve, varnish inomesa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoreva kuti inoda nguva yakawanda yekurapa nekuoma. Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko kune nzvimbo dzemapuranga dzinoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose kana kuti dzakambovharwa varnished.
Alternative Protective Coatings
Kana varnish isiri iyo yakakodzera yekudzivirira yekuvhara purojekiti yako, heano dzimwe nzira:
- Lacquer: Iri resinous coating iro rinoomesa nekukurumidza kupfuura varnish uye rinoburitsa yakaoma uye yakasimba kupera. Inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yekushongedza, mapuranga, uye pasi pemapuranga.
- Oleo-resinous coatings: Uyu musanganiswa wemafuta uye resin inoburitsa inodzivirira yekudzivirira nzvimbo dzemapuranga. Inowanzoshandiswa pamatanda edenga uye nzvimbo dzemapuranga dzakaratidzwa nemoto.
- Mineral coatings: Ichi chifukidzo chemvura chinobudisa nhovo yekudzivirira yemapuranga. Inowanzoshandiswa kumapurojekiti ekunze uye nzvimbo dzehuni dzinoratidzwa nemvura.
Varnish vs Polyurethane: Ndeipi Yakanakisa Huni Pedzisa?
Kana zvasvika pakusarudza kupedzisa kwehuni, varnish uye polyurethane ndezviviri zvezvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira. Kunyange zvazvo zvingaratidzika zvakafanana pakutanga pakuona, pane mimwe misiyano mikuru yekuchengeta mupfungwa:
- Varnish ndeyekupedzisa kwechinyakare yakagadzirwa kubva kumafuta, mafuta, uye zvinonyungudutsa, nepo polyurethane ipurasitiki resin.
- Varnish inopa dziviriro iri nani kubva kukuvadzwa kweUV, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yemapurojekiti ekunze.
- Polyurethane inomesa nekukurumidza uye iri nyore kuisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yemapurojekiti anokurumidza.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zveVarnish
Varnish yakashandiswa sehuni kupera kwemazana emakore, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Hezvino zvimwe zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kushandisa varnish:
zvayakanakira:
- Varnish inogadzira yakanaka, yakasikwa kupera inobvumira huni hwehuni kuratidza kuburikidza.
- Inopa dziviriro yakanakisa kubva kune zvinhu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwekunze.
- Varnish inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana uye inogona kushandiswa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehuni, kubva kune fenicha kusvika kune decks.
nezvayakaipira:
- Varnish inogona kuve yakaoma kuisa zvakaenzana, uye kuwana ukobvu hunodiwa kunogona kuve kwakaoma.
- Kugara jecha uye kukwenenzverwa kunodiwa kuchengetedza kupera kutaridzika kutsva.
- Varnish inogona kunzwa inonamira kana kuti tacky kune kubata, izvo vamwe vanhu vanoona zvisingafadzi.
mhedziso
Varnish ijasi rakajeka rinoiswa pamusoro kuti rivandudze chitarisiko charo uye ridzivirire kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Zvakanaka chishandiso chevashandi vehuni (zvakakosha pano) uye maartist, uye kune varnish yepurojekiti yega yega uye zvese zvinodiwa. Ingoyeuka kusarudza rudzi rwakakodzera uye rushandise nemazvo kuti uwane migumisiro yakanaka.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.
