Control Systems: Selelekela sa Open-Loop le Closed-Loop Control

Litsamaiso tsa taolo li sebelisetsoa ho boloka setupo kapa tlhahiso e lakatsehang ka ho lokisa lets'oao la ho kenya. Sistimi ea taolo e ka ba lupu e bulehileng kapa loop e koetsoeng. Sistimi e butsoeng ea taolo ea loop ha e na lupu ea maikutlo le sistimi e koetsoeng ea taolo ea loop e na le eona.

Sehloohong sena, ke tla hlalosa hore na litsamaiso tsa taolo ke life, li sebetsa joang, le hore na li sebelisoa joang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Hape, ke tla arolelana lintlha tse monate mabapi le litsamaiso tsa taolo tseo mohlomong ha u li tsebe!

Litsamaiso tsa ho Laola- Bonono ba ho Rala le ho Phethahatsa

Litsamaiso tsa taolo li kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho beha le ho boloka tlhahiso e itseng ka ho lokisa lets'oao la ho kenya. Sepheo ke ho hlahisa tlhahiso e nepahetseng le e tsitsitseng, ho sa tsotellehe liphetoho leha e le life tsa pele ho kenyelletso. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le e latelang:

• Mokhahlelo oa ho kenya: moo lets'oao la ho kenya le amoheloang
• Mokhahlelo oa tšebetso: moo lets'oao le sebetsoang le ho hlahlojoa
• Mokhahlelo oa tlhahiso: moo lets'oao le hlahisoang teng

Karolo ea Litsamaiso tsa Taolo Tlhahisong

Litsamaiso tsa taolo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong le ho ajoa liindastering tse ngata. Theknoloji ea othomathike hangata e sebelisoa ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tsena, tse ka bang thata haholo ebile li theko e boima ho li haha. Lintlha tse latelang lia hlokahala ho theha sistimi e ntle ea taolo:

• Kutloisiso e ntle ea sistimi e laoloang
• Bokhoni ba ho rala le ho kenya tšebetsong mofuta o nepahetseng oa sistimi ea taolo
• Sephutheloana sa meralo le mekhoa e tloaelehileng e ka sebelisoang maemong a itseng

Mehato e kenyelelitsoeng ho theheng Sisteme ea Taolo

Ts'ebetso ea ho theha sistimi ea taolo e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:

• Ho rala sebopeho sa sistimi: Sena se kenyelletsa ho khetholla mofuta oa sistimi e hlokahalang le likarolo tse tla kenyelletsoa.
• Ho kenya tšebetsong sistimi: Sena se kenyelletsa ho aha sistimi ka hloko le ho etsa liteko ho netefatsa hore e sebetsa ka nepo
• Ho boloka sistimi: Sena se kenyelletsa ho beha leihlo tšebetso ea sistimi ha nako e ntse e ea le ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang ho netefatsa hore e tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka nepo.

Open-loop le taolo e koetsoeng: Phapang lipakeng tsa ho itokisa le tlhahiso e tsitsitseng

Litsamaiso tsa taolo ea Open-loop li boetse li tsejoa e le li-control tse sa faneng ka maikutlo. Litsamaiso tsena li na le tlhahiso e tsitsitseng e sa lokisoeng ho latela tlhahiso kapa maikutlo afe kapa afe. Sebopeho sa tsamaiso e bulehileng ea taolo e tloaelehile 'me e kenyelletsa ho kenya letsoho, ntlha e behiloeng, le tlhahiso. Kenyelletso ke lets'oao le sebelisetsoang ho hlahisa tlhahiso e lakatsehang. Sebaka se behiloeng ke boleng ba sepheo sa sehlahisoa. Sephetho ke sephetho sa ts'ebetso e sebetsang.

Mehlala ea litsamaiso tse bulehileng tsa taolo ea loop li kenyelletsa:

• Toaster: Lever e behoa karolong ea "on", 'me li-coil li futhumatsoa ho mocheso o tsitsitseng. The toast e lula e futhumetse ho fihlela nako e behiloeng, 'me toast e hlaha.
• A cruise control ka koloing: Litaolo li behiloe ho boloka lebelo le tsitsitseng. Sistimi ha e fetohe ho latela maemo a fetohang, joalo ka maralla kapa moea.

Taolo ea loop e koetsoeng: Ho itokisa bakeng sa tlhahiso e tsitsitseng

Litsamaiso tse koetsoeng, tse tsejoang hape e le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maikutlo, li na le bokhoni ba ho itokisa ho boloka tlhahiso e tsitsitseng. Phapang pakeng tsa tsamaiso e bulehileng le e koetsoeng ke hore tsamaiso e koetsoeng e na le bokhoni ba ho itokisa ha tsamaiso e bulehileng e sa khone. Sebopeho sa mokhoa oa ho laola mokhoa o koetsoeng o tšoana le oa tsamaiso e bulehileng, empa e kenyelletsa lekhalo la maikutlo. Loop ea maikutlo e etella pele ho tloha ho tlhahiso ho ea ho kenyelletso, e lumellang tsamaiso ho tsoela pele ho beha leihlo le ho lokisa ho latela maemo a fetohang.

Mehlala ea litsamaiso tse koaletsoeng tsa taolo e kenyelletsa:

• Taolo ea mocheso ka phaposing: Mocheso o lokisa mocheso kapa mohatsela ho latela thempereichara ka kamoreng ho boloka mocheso o tsitsitseng.
• Taolo ea ho holisa ka har'a sistimi ea molumo: Sistimi e lokisa ho holisa ho ipapisitse le tlhahiso ho boloka boemo bo tsitsitseng ba molumo.

Feedback Control Systems: Ho Tlisa Taolo ho Mohato o Latelang

How to strip wire fast

Share

Watch on

Mekhoa ea ho laola maikutlo ke mofuta oa tsamaiso ea taolo e sebelisang tlhahiso ea mokhoa oa ho laola ho kenya letsoho. Ka mantsoe a mang, tsamaiso e fumana letšoao ho tloha ts'ebetsong e laoloang 'me e sebelisa pontšo eo ho fetola sephetho ho finyella tlhahiso e lakatsehang.

Diagrams le Mabitso a Amanang le Feedback Control Systems

Ho na le litšoantšo le mabitso a 'maloa a amanang le litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maikutlo, ho kenyelletsa:

• Lits'oants'o tse thibelang: Tsena li bonts'a likarolo tsa sistimi ea taolo ea maikutlo le hore na li hokahane joang.
• Mesebetsi ea phetisetso: Tsena li hlalosa kamano pakeng tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa ha sistimi.
• Litsamaiso tse koetsoeng tsa loop: Tsena ke litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maikutlo moo tlhahiso e khutlisetsoang ho kenyelletso ho boloka tlhahiso e lakatsehang.
• Sistimi ea Open-loop: Tsena ke litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maikutlo moo tlhahiso e sa khutlisetsoang ho kenyelletsoeng.

Taolo ea Maikutlo: Mekhoa e Nolofalitsoeng le e Sebetsang ea Taolo

Taolo ea kelello ke mofuta oa taolo o sebelisang mohopolo oa Boolean kapa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe e utloahalang ho etsa liqeto le mekhoa ea ho laola. Ke sistimi e nolofalitsoeng le e sebetsang ea taolo e sebelisoang haholo liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahiso, tlhahiso le boenjiniere ba motlakase.

Logic Control e sebetsa Joang?

Litsamaiso tsa taolo ea logic li etselitsoe ho sebetsana le mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse kenang le ho hlahisa tlhahiso e lakatsehang. Mokhoa oa mantlha oa ts'ebetso ke o latelang:

• Sistimi e amohela lets'oao la ho kenya, leo hangata le leng ka sebopeho sa motlakase.
• Joale letšoao la ho kenya le bapisoa le boleng bo behiloeng kapa ntlha, e bolokiloeng tsamaisong.
• Haeba letšoao la ho kenya le nepahetse, tsamaiso e tla etsa ketso e itseng kapa e fetohele sebakeng se itseng.
• Haeba lets'oao la ho kenya le fosahetse, sistimi e tla tsoelapele ho amohela tlhahiso ho fihlela boleng bo nepahetseng bo fihla.

Mehlala ea Litsamaiso tsa Taolo ea Logic

Sistimi ea taolo ea logic e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:

• Mabone a sephethe-phethe: Mabone a sephethephethe a sebelisa taolo ea kelello ho fetola pakeng tsa mabone a khubelu, a mosehla le a matala ho latela phallo ea sephethephethe.
• Liroboto tsa indasteri: Liroboto tsa indasteri li sebelisa taolo ea kelello ho etsa mesebetsi e rarahaneng, joalo ka ho tjheseletsa, ho penta le ho kopanya.
• Mechini e itlhatsoang ka boiketsetso: Mechini e itlhatsoang ka boiketsetso e sebelisa taolo ea kelello ho fetoha lipakeng tsa lipotoloho tse fapaneng tsa ho hlatsoa le mocheso ho ipapisitsoe le seo mosebelisi a se kentseng.

Taolo ea On-Off: Mokhoa o Bonolo ka ho Fetisisa oa ho Laola Mocheso

Taolo ea On-Off e kentsoe tšebetsong nalaneng ho sebelisoa li-relay tse hokahantsoeng, li-timers tsa cam, le li-switches tse hahiloeng ka tatellano ea lere. Leha ho le joalo, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, taolo ea on-off e se e ka etsoa ho sebelisoa li-microcontroller, li-controller tse khethehileng tse hlophisehang, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki.

Mehlala ea On-Off Control

Mehlala e meng ea lihlahisoa tse sebelisang taolo ea ho tima e kenyelletsa:

• Thermostat ea lapeng e bulelang hitara ha thempereichara ea kamore e theohela ka tlas'a maemo a lakatsehang ebe e e tima ha e feta ka holim'a eona.
• Lihatsetsi tse bulelang compressor ha mocheso ka har'a sehatsetsi o nyolohela ka holimo ho mocheso o lakatsehang ebe oa o tima ha o theohela ka tlas'a oona.
• Mechini ea ho hlatsoa e sebelisang taolo ea ho tima ho qala ts'ebetso e fapaneng e amanang le tatellano.
• Li-actuator tsa pneumatic tse sebelisang taolo ea ho tima ho boloka boemo bo itseng ba khatello.

Melemo le Mefokolo ea Taolo ea On-Off

Melemo ea taolo ea hang-hang e kenyelletsa:

• E bonolo ebile e theko e tlase ho e kenya ts'ebetsong.
• Ho bonolo ho e utloisisa le ho e etsa.
• E ka sebelisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mochini le ts'ebetso.

Mefokolo ea taolo ea hang-hang e kenyelletsa:

• E hlahisa liphetoho tse potlakileng tsamaisong, tse ka bakang liphello tse mpe ho sehlahisoa kapa mokhoa o laoloang.
• E ka 'na ea se ke ea khona ho boloka sebaka se lakatsehang ka nepo, haholo-holo lits'ebetsong tse nang le boima bo boholo ba mocheso.
• E ka 'na ea baka ho senyeha ha li-switches le li-relay tsa motlakase, e leng se lebisang ho nkeng sebaka se seng khafetsa.

Taolo ea Linear: Tsebo ea ho Boloka Litholoana Tse Lakatsehang

Linear control theory e ipapisitse le melaoana e mengata e laolang hore na litsamaiso tsa taolo ea mela li sebetsa joang. Melao-motheo ena e kenyelletsa:

• Molao-motheo oa ho hlokomoloha liphello tse sa rateheng: Molao-motheo ona o nka hore liphello leha e le life tse sa rateheng tsa tsamaiso li ka hlokomolohuoa.
• Molao-motheo oa ho eketsa: Molao-motheo ona o khomarela khopolo ea hore tlhahiso ea tsamaiso ea linear ke kakaretso ea liphello tse hlahisoang ke karolo ka 'ngoe e sebetsang e le mong.
• Molao-motheo oa superposition: Molao-motheo ona o nka hore tlhahiso ea tsamaiso ea linear ke kakaretso ea liphello tse hlahisoang ke karolo ka 'ngoe e sebetsang e le mong.

The Nonlinear Nyeoe

Haeba tsamaiso e sa khomarele melao-motheo ea ho eketsa le homogeneity, e nkoa e se ea bohlokoa. Tabeng ena, defining equation hangata ke sekwere sa mantsoe. Litsamaiso tse se nang moeli ha li sebetse ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le litsamaiso tsa linear mme li hloka mekhoa e fapaneng ea taolo.

The Fuzzy Logic: A Dynamic Control System

Fuzzy logic ke mofuta oa sistimi ea taolo e sebelisang li-sete tse sa hlakang ho fetolela lets'oao le kenang hore e be lets'oao la tlhahiso. Ke mokhoa oa lipalo o hlahlobang litekanyetso tsa ho kenya li-analog ho ea ka mefuta-futa e utloahalang e nkang litekanyetso tse tsoelang pele pakeng tsa 0 le 1. Maikutlo a Fuzzy ke mokhoa o matla oa ho laola o ka sebetsanang le liphetoho ho pontšo ea ho kenya le ho fetola pontšo ea tlhahiso ka tsela e nepahetseng.

Mehlala ea Bohlale bo Fuzzy in Action

Maikutlo a makatsang a sebelisoa mafapheng a mangata ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea taolo. Mehlala ke ena:

• Phekolo ea metsi: Ho sebelisoa kelello e sa utloahaleng ho laola phallo ea metsi ka setsing sa kalafo. Tsamaiso e fetola lebelo la phallo ho latela boemo ba hona joale ba metsi le boleng bo lakatsehang ba tlhahiso.
• Sistimi ea HVAC: Ho sebelisoa kelello e sa utloahaleng ho laola mocheso le mongobo mohahong. Tsamaiso e lokisa mocheso le mongobo ho latela boemo ba hona joale ba mohaho le boemo bo lakatsehang ba boiketlo.
• Taolo ea sephethephethe: Menahano e sa utloahaleng e sebelisoa ho laola phallo ea sephethephethe mateanong a litsela. Tsamaiso e fetola nako ea mabone a sephethephethe ho latela maemo a hona joale a sephethephethe.

fihlela qeto e

Kahoo, litsamaiso tsa taolo li sebelisoa ho laola lits'ebetso liindastering tse ngata, 'me li kenyelletsa ho rala, ho kenya ts'ebetsong le ho boloka sistimi e bolokang tlhahiso e ts'oanang ho sa tsotellehe liphetoho tse kenang. 

U ke ke ua tsamaea hampe ka tsamaiso ea taolo, kahoo u se ke ua tšaba ho sebelisa e 'ngoe morerong oa hau o latelang! Kahoo, tsoela pele 'me u laole lefatše la hau!

Ke Joost Nusselder, mothehi oa Tools Doctor, content marketer, le ntate. Ke rata ho leka lisebelisoa tse ncha, 'me hammoho le sehlopha sa ka esale ke theha lingoloa tse tebileng tsa blog ho tloha 2016 ho thusa babali ba tšepahalang ka lisebelisoa le malebela a ho qapa.