Li-pigments: Tataiso e Felletseng ea Nalane, Mefuta, le Tse ling

Li-pigment ke lintho tse kenyang mebala tse sa qhibiliheng metsing empa li qhibiliha ka har'a motsoako o mong oa tlhaho. Hangata ke likaroloana tse fatše tse hahiloeng ka har'a tlamahano ho e etsa hlalosa kapa enke. Ho na le li-pigments tsa tlhaho le li-pigment tsa maiketsetso.   

Sehloohong sena, ke tla u bolella tsohle ka tsona. Kahoo, a re qaleng! A na u lokile? Le 'na ke lokile! Ha re ikakhele ka setotsoana!

Ho Lokolla Matla a Li-pigments ka Lipente le Liaparo

Li-pigments ke li-colorants tse fanang ka lipente le lirafshoa mebala ea tsona e ikhethang. Hangata ke likaroloana tse sa tsitsang tse fatše hantle 'me li eketsoa penteng kapa sebopeho sa ho roala ho fana ka mebala, bongata, kapa thepa e lakatsehang ea' mele le lik'hemik'hale ho filimi e metsi kapa e omileng. Li-pigments e ka ba tsa tlhaho kapa tsa maiketsetso, 'me li tla ka mebala e mengata e fapaneng, ho tloha ho sootho ea lefatše le tse tala ho ea ho tse khubelu, tse putsoa le tse mosehla.

Seabe sa Lipigments ka Mebala

Li-pigments li sebetsa ka ho bonahatsa kapa ho fetisa leseli ho hlahisa maikutlo a mebala. Ha leseli le otla pigment, e 'ngoe ea eona e monngoa ha e 'ngoe e ntse e bonahala kapa e fetisoa. 'Mala oo re o bonang ke phello ea bolelele ba maqhubu a khanya bo bonahatsoang kapa bo fetisoang ke 'mala. Ke ka lebaka leo li-pigment hangata li hlalosoang e le tse nang le mebala.

Bohlokoa ba ho Khetha Li-pigments tse Nepahetseng

Ho khetha li-pigments tse nepahetseng ke habohlokoa ho finyella 'mala o lakatsehang le thepa ea ts'ebetso ea lipente le liphahlo. Lintlha tse ling tseo u ka li nahanang ha u khetha li-pigments li kenyelletsa:

• Mofuta wa pente kapa serethe se sebedisoang

• 'Mala o batloang le qetello

• Thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale e hlokahalang

• Lisebelisoa tse koahetsoeng

• Maemo a tikoloho a tla pepesetsoa ho roala

Phetoho ea Lipigment ka Pente: Histori e Mebala

• Batho ba 'nile ba sebelisa li-pigment ka lilemo tse fetang 40,000, joalokaha ho pakoa ke litšoantšo tsa khale tsa mahaheng.

• Li-pigment tsa pele li ne li nkiloe mehloling ea tlhaho e kang liminerale, letsopa le mebala e thehiloeng liphoofolong.
• Mebala ena ea mebala e ne e siloa hore e be phofo e ntle ho sebelisoa thepa ea khale 'me e kopantsoe le sekontiri ho etsa pente.
• Li-pigment tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tse tsejoang e ne e le ocher e khubelu le e mosehla, sienna e chesitsoeng le umber, le choko e tšoeu.

Li-pigments tsa khale tsa Egepeta le tsa Maindia

• Baegepeta ba boholo-holo ba ne ba rata mebala e putsoa, ​​e kang lapis lazuli le silicate ea koporo.

• Baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Maindia ba ne ba sebelisa lidae tsa tlhaho tse nkiloeng limela le likokoanyana ho etsa mebala e khanyang.
• Mehleng ea boholo-holo, li-pigment tse entsoeng ka loto, tse kang loto le bosehla ba loto, li ne li sebelisoa.

Nts'etsopele ea Li-Pigments tsa Synthetic

• Lekholong la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo, litsebi tsa k’hemistri li ile tsa sibolla litsela tse ncha tsa ho etsa mebala ea maiketsetso, e kang phthalo blue le anhydrous iron oxide.

• Li-pigment tsena li ne li le bonolo ho hlahisa 'me li ne li e-na le mebala e mengata e fapaneng ho feta ea tlhaho.
• Tšebeliso ea li-pigment tsa maiketsetso li lumelletse nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e mecha ea bonono, joalo ka mebala e khanyang e sebelisoang ke Vermeer.

Lefatše le Hlollang la Mebala ea Likokoana-hloko ka Pente

Lipigment tsa baeloji ke lintho tse hlahisoang ke lintho tse phelang tse nang le 'mala o hlahisoang ke ho monya ha 'mala. Li-pigment tsena li fumaneha tlhahong ’me li ka hlahisoa ke limela, liphoofolo esita le batho. Li bitsoa li-pigment tsa baeloji hobane li hlahisoa ke lintho tse phelang.

Ho Hlahisoa ha Pigments ea Likokoana-hloko

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Li-pigment tsa baeloji li hlahisoa ke lintho tse phelang 'me li fumanoa mefuteng e mengata ea lintho tse kang limela, liphoofolo, esita le lehong. Li hlahisoa ke 'mele 'me ke karolo ea bohlokoa tseleng eo tlhaho e sebetsang ka eona. Tlhahiso ea li-pigments tsa likokoana-hloko e amana le protheine e hlokoang ke 'mele ho finyella mebala.

Ho Tseba Khemistri ea Lipigments ka Pente

Li-pigments ke lintho tse mebala-bala tse etsang hore pente e be le 'mala oa eona. Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa li-pigment ke oona o laolang 'mala oa tsona, ho tšoarella le ho sebetsa. Li-pigments li ka ba tsa tlhaho kapa tsa tlhaho, 'me mofuta o mong le o mong o na le thepa e ikhethang e amang tšebeliso ea bona pente. Mona ke li-pigments tse tloaelehileng le metsoako ea tsona ea lik'hemik'hale:

• Li-pigments tse sa tloaelehang: Hangata mebala ena e khanya ebile e tšoarella ho feta mebala ea tlhaho. Li kenyelletsa:

- Titanium white: Pigment ena e entsoe ka titanium dioxide 'me hangata e sebelisoa lipente, litlolo le lihlahisoa tse ling.
- Cadmium yellow: Pigment ena e entsoe ka cadmium sulfide mme e tsebahala ka 'mala oa eona o khanyang, o futhumetseng.
- Ultramarine blue: Pigment ena e entsoe ka sodium aluminium sulfosilicate 'me qalong e entsoe ka ho sila lejoe la bohlokoa la lapis lazuli.
- Burnt sienna: Pigment ena e entsoe ka sienna e tala e futhusitsoeng ho etsa 'mala o lefifi o mosootho.
- Vermilion: Pigment ena e entsoe ka mercuric sulfide mme esale e sebelisoa ho tloha mehleng ea khale bakeng sa 'mala oa eona o mofubelu o khanyang.

• Organic pigments: Mebala ena e entsoe ka limolek'hule tse entsoeng ka k'habone 'me hangata ha e tšoarelle nako e telele ho feta mebala ea inorganic. Li kenyelletsa:

– Phthalo green: Pigment ena e entsoe ka koporo ea phthalocyanine ’me e tsebahala ka ’mala oa eona o khanyang, o boputsoa bo botala.
- Hansa yellow: Pigment ena e entsoe ka metsoako ea azo mme e sebelisoa hangata ho litlolo le lihlahisoa tse ling.
- Phthalo blue: Pigment ena e entsoe ka koporo ea phthalocyanine 'me e tsebahala ka 'mala oa eona o khanyang, o moputsoa.
- Rose madder: Pigment ena e entsoe ka metso ea semela sa madder mme esale e sebelisoa ke baetsi ba litšoantšo ka lilemo tse makholo.
- Bosoeu ba China: Pigment ena e entsoe ka zinc oxide 'me hangata e sebelisoa lipenteng tsa metsi.

Kamoo Lipigment li Sebelisoang Kateng Penteng

Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa li-pigment o etsa qeto ea hore na li sebelisoa joang penteng. Mona ke litsela tse ling tseo li-pigments li sebelisoang ho penta:

• Monya bolelele bo itseng ba maqhubu a khanya: Lipigment li monya maqhubu a itseng a khanya ebe li bonahatsa a mang, e leng se etsang hore ho be le 'mala oo re o bonang.
• Theha 'mala oa sebopeho: Li-pigment tse ling, joalo ka boputsoa ba ultramarine, li theha mebala ea sebopeho ka ho khantša leseli ka tsela e itseng.
• Li fapane ka nako ea ho omisa: Li-pigment tse ling, tse kang bosoeu ba titanium, li omella kapele, ha tse ling, joalo ka sienna e chesitsoeng, li nka nako e telele ho omella.
• Etsa tharollo: Li-pigment tse ling, joalo ka phthalo blue, li qhibiliha ka metsing 'me li ka sebelisoa lipenteng tsa metsi.
• Etsa mefuta e mengata ea mebala: Li-pigments li ka kopanngoa hammoho ho etsa mebala e fapaneng, ho itšetlehile ka thepa e sebelisoang le metsoako e teng.
• Eketsa 'mala lihlahisoa tse ling: Li-pigment li sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le litlolo, masela le lipolasetiki.

Li-Pigments tse Tlamang: Senotlolo sa ho Etsa Litšoantšo tse Tšoarellang nako e telele

Li-binders ke lisebelisoa tse kopanyang mebala ka pente. Ba na le boikarabelo ba ho etsa hore li-pigments li sebelisoe le ho theha sebopeho se lakatsehang le qetello ea pente. Li-binders li entsoe haholo-holo ka thepa e boima, e boreleli e ka theolang molumo oa pente le ho fana ka mefuta e mengata ea mebala.

Mefuta ea li-Binders

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-binders tseo baetsi ba litšoantšo ba li sebelisang litšoantšong tsa bona. Tse ling tsa tse tsebahalang haholo ke:

• Oli: Ena ke sekontiri se omisang butle se loketseng bakeng sa ho etsa lithane tse ruileng, tse tebileng litšoantšong. Ke khetho e ratoang har'a baetsi ba litšoantšo kajeno hobane e lumella nako e telele ea ho sebetsa 'me e ka etsoa ka mekhoa e mengata.

• Lehe: Ena ke setlamo se omisang ka potlako se loketseng ho bopa boreleli, esita le lithane tse takiloeng. E ne e le khetho e tummeng har'a baetsi ba litšoantšo ba mehleng ea khale 'me e ntse e sebelisoa le kajeno ke baetsi ba bang.

• Tempera: Ena ke setlamo se omisang ka potlako se loketseng ho etsa litšoantšo tse nyane, tse nang le lintlha tse qaqileng. Ke khetho e ratoang har'a baetsi ba litšoantšo ba batlang ho etsa litšoantšo tse nang le lintlha tse phahameng.

Ho sila li-pigments ka li-Binders

E le ho etsa pente, li-pigments li siloa ka li-binders ho etsa hore e be boreleli, e lekaneng. Mokhoa oa ho sila o ka ama 'mala le sebopeho sa pente, kahoo ke habohlokoa ho sila li-pigments ka nepo. Litlhahiso tse ling tsa ho sila li-pigments ka li-binder li kenyelletsa:

• Ho sebelisa li-pigments tsa tlhaho: Li-pigment tsa tlhaho li bonolo ho sila le ho etsa hore ho be le mokhoa o tsitsitseng ho feta oa maiketsetso.

• Ho sebelisa pigment e tšoeu: Ho kenya 'mala o mosoeu fatše ho ka thusa ho etsa pente e sebetsang haholoanyane.

• Ho kopanya li-binders: Ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea li-binders ho ka thusa ho etsa pente e loketseng mokhoa o itseng oa bonono.

Meeli ea Li-Binder

Le hoja li-binders e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea pente, li fana ka mefokolo e itseng. E meng ea mefokolo ena e kenyelletsa:

• Ketapele: Likopano tse ling li na le loto, e ka bang kotsi ho baetsi ba litšoantšo ba sebetsang le tsona. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa li-binders tse se nang loto.

• Nako ea ho omisa: Nako ea ho omisa ea pente e ka angoa ke binder e sebelisitsoeng. Li-binders tse ling li omella kapele ho feta tse ling, tse ka etsang hore ho be thata ho sebetsa le pente.

• Matša: Li-pigments tse ling li angoa ke sekontiri se sebelisitsoeng, se ka etsang hore li potlakise kapa li khutlisetse nako ea ho omisa ha pente.

Ho sisinya Setlamo se Nepahetseng bakeng sa Pigment

Ho khetha binder e nepahetseng bakeng sa pigment hoa hlokahala ho etsa pente e loketseng mokhoa o lakatsehang oa bonono. Malebela a mang a ho fana ka tlhahiso ea setlamo se nepahetseng bakeng sa pigment e kenyelletsa:

• Ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa pigment: Ho tseba litšobotsi tsa pigment ho ka thusa ho fumana hore na ke binder efe e tla sebetsa hantle ka eona.

• Ho lekola li-binders tse fapaneng: Ho lekola li-binders tse fapaneng ka pigment ho ka thusa ho fumana hore na ke efe e tla etsa sebopeho le ho qetela.

• Ho batla boitsebiso mehloling e tobileng: Ho batla boitsebiso mehloling e tobileng, e kang moetsi oa mebala kapa studio e sebetsanang ka ho khetheha le mebala, ho ka fana ka boitsebiso ba bohlokoa ba hore na ho ka sebelisoa sekopanyi sefe.

Ha re bueng ka Ponaletso le Ponahalo ho Lipigment tsa Pente

Ha re bua ka li-pigments tse bonaletsang ka pente, re bua ka tse lumellang leseli ho feta ho tsona. Mona ke lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka li-pigments tse bonaletsang:

• Hangata li-pigments tse bonaletsang li sebelisoa ho etsa likhalase, e leng likarolo tse tšesaane tsa pente tse lumellang 'mala o ka tlase ho bonahala.
• Kaha li-pigments tse bonaletsang li lumella leseli ho feta, li ka hlahisa phello e khanyang litšoantšong.
• Li-pigments tse hlakileng li atisa ho ba matla ho feta li-pigment tse opaque, ho bolelang hore ho ka ba thata ho bona ka botsona.
• Mebala e meng e tloaelehileng e pepeneneng e kenyelletsa phthalo blue, alizarin crimson, le quinacridone magenta.

Opacity: Ha Leseli le koetsoe

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mebala e sa bonahaleng e thibela khanya ho feta ho tsona. Mona ke lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka li-pigment tse opaque:

• Hangata li-pigment tsa opaque li sebelisoa ho koahela liphoso kapa ho etsa libaka tse tiileng tsa mebala.
• Kaha li-pigment tse opaque li thibela khanya, li ka etsa hore ho be le phello e tiileng haholoanyane litšoantšong.
• Li-pigments tse opaque li atisa ho ba matla ho feta li-pigments tse bonaletsang, ho bolelang hore li ka ba bonolo ho li bona ka botsona.
• Mebala e meng e tloaelehileng ea opaque e kenyelletsa bosoeu ba titanium, bofubelu ba cadmium le boputsoa ba ultramarine.

Translucent: Hanyane ha Bobeli

Ho boetse ho na le sehlopha sa boraro sa mebala e lokelang ho nahanoa: mebala e khanyang. Li-pigments tse khanyang li pakeng tsa tse bonaletsang le tse opaque, tse lumellang leseli ho feta empa eseng kaofela. Mebala e meng e tloaelehileng e feto-fetohang e kenyelletsa sienna e tala, sienna e chesitsoeng, le umber e tala.

fihlela qeto e

Kahoo, ke seo li-pigments li leng sona le kamoo li amang 'mala oa pente kateng. Ke ntho e kentsoeng nthong ho fetola 'mala oa eona, sebopeho, kapa lintho tse ling. Li-pigments li sebelisoa lipenteng, lirapeng le linthong tse ling. Ba tloaetse ho mebala ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha maboteng ho ea ho liaparo ho ea ho likoloi. Kahoo, hopola ho li sebelisa le ho thabela bophelo bo monate!

Ke Joost Nusselder, mothehi oa Tools Doctor, content marketer, le ntate. Ke rata ho leka lisebelisoa tse ncha, 'me hammoho le sehlopha sa ka esale ke theha lingoloa tse tebileng tsa blog ho tloha 2016 ho thusa babali ba tšepahalang ka lisebelisoa le malebela a ho qapa.