solvent ke eng? Li-solvents ke lintho tse qhibilihisang lintho tse ling, tse etsang hore li be ngata mokelikeli. Li sebelisoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng ho tloha ho hloekisa lihlahisoa ho lipente ho meriana.
Empa u ka tseba joang haeba e le solvent? A re shebeng hore na ke eng e etsang hore solvent e be e ikhethang hakana.
Ketsahalong ena re tla koahela:
Tseba Li-solvents: Senotlolo sa ho Etsa Litharollo
Sollute ke ntho e qhibilihisang motsoako, e hlahisang tharollo. Sena se bolela hore mokelikeli ke ntho e qhibilihang, athe mokelikeli ke ntho e qhibilihang. Li-solvents hangata ke maro, empa hape e ka ba lintho tse tiileng, likhase kapa maro a holimo haholo.
Matla a Metsi e le Se qhibilihisang
Metsi ke e 'ngoe ea lihlapolli tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka lebaka la bokhoni ba 'ona bo ikhethang ba ho qhibilihisa mefuta e mengata ea lintho. Sena se bakoa ke polarity ea eona e phahameng, e lumellang hore e arole maqhama pakeng tsa limolek'hule le ho li qhaqha ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le tharollo. Metsi a boetse a na le solvent e tsitsitseng haholo le e sa nke lehlakore, e bolelang hore e ka kopanngoa le mefuta e mengata ea solutes ntle le ho ama thepa ea eona ea motheo.
Bohlokoa ba Li-solvents Bophelong ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Li-solvents li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho tloha ho lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa le lintho tsa tlhokomelo ea motho ka mong ho ea ho litlhare le lits'ebetso tsa indasteri. Ka mohlala:
- Tsoekere e qhibiliha ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e monate.
- Sehlaseli sa Nail polishe se sebelisa acetone e le mokelikeli ho qhala poleche.
- Pente e tšesaane e sebelisa motsoako oa metsoako ho qhala pente.
- Peterole e sebelisa motsoako oa lihlapolli ho etsa libeso tse ka chesoang enjeneng.
Lefatše le Hlollang la Tharollo
Ha re bua ka litharollo, re bua ka motsoako oa lintho tse peli kapa ho feta tse arolelanoang ka tekanyo ea limolek'hule. Ntho e teng ka bongata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa e bitsoa solvent, ha lintho tse ling tsona li bitsoa solutes. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Solvation e bolela mokhoa oa ho qhibilihisa solute ka har'a motsoako.
Bohlokoa ba Tharollo Litsamaisong tsa Likokoana-hloko
Solvation e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa baeloji, haholo sebopehong le tšebetsong ea liprotheine. Liprotheine li entsoe ka liketane tse telele tsa li-amino acid tse phuthang ka sebopeho se itseng. Sebōpeho sa protheine se khethoa ke likamano pakeng tsa liketane tsa mahlakoreng a amino acid le limolek'hule tsa solvent tse potolohileng. Ho ba teng ha limolek'hule tsa metsi ka har'a motsoako ho etsa tikoloho ea hydrophilic (e ratang metsi) e thusang ho tsitsisa sebopeho sa protheine.
Liphello tsa Tharollo ho Solutes
Bokhoni ba solute ho qhibiliha ka har'a motsoako o itseng o itšetlehile ka lintlha tse 'maloa, ho akarelletsa le polarity ea solute, boholo le sebōpeho. Li-solute tse ling, joalo ka tsoekere, li polar haholo 'me li qhibiliha habonolo metsing. Tse ling, joalo ka metsoako ea hydrophobic (e tšabang metsi) joalo ka oli, ha e qhibilihe hantle metsing empa e ka qhibiliha ka har'a lihlapolli tse se nang polar.
Karolo ea Litlhapi Tse Tharollong
Litlhapi li ka hlophisoa ho ipapisitsoe le polarity ea tsona, ka lihlapolli tsa polar joalo ka metsi a nang le mokelikeli o phahameng oa dielectric le nonpolar joalo ka oli e nang le "dielectric constant" e tlase. Polarity ea solvent e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho rarolleheng hobane e etsa qeto ea bokhoni ba solvent ho amohela kapa ho fana ka lielektrone. Litlhapi tsa polar li molemo ho rarolla li-ion le li-polar solutes, athe lihlapolli tse se nang polar li molemo ho rarolla li-nonpolar solutes.
Matla a Tharollo ho Moralo oa Lithethefatsi
Tharollo ke taba ea bohlokoa moralong oa lithethefatsi hobane e ama ho solubility le bioavailability ea lithethefatsi. Lithethefatsi tse qhibilihang haholo ka metsing li ka 'na tsa monngoa ke' mele, ha meriana e sa tsoeng hantle e ka 'na ea hloka litekanyetso tse phahameng kapa mekhoa e meng ea ho fana ka eona. Thepa ea tharollo ea lithethefatsi e ka boela ea ama likamano tsa eona le liprotheine tse lebisitsoeng le li-biomolecule tse ling.
Classifying Solvents: Tataiso ea ho Utloisisa Mefuta e fapaneng
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho arola li-solvents, polarity ke ntlha ea bohlokoa. Litlhapi tsa polar li na le qetello e ntle le e mpe, athe lihlapolli tse nonpolar ha li na eona. Litlhapi li ka hlophisoa ho ipapisitsoe le polarity ea tsona, 'me metsoako ea polar e khetholloa e le protic kapa aprotic, le lihlapolli tse nonpolar li hlalosoa e le inorganic kapa organic.
Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Li-solvents
Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-solvents, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le thepa ea eona le tšebeliso ea eona. E meng ea mefuta e atileng haholo ea li-solvents e kenyelletsa:
- Metsi: Metsi ke motsoako oa polar o khonang ho qhaqha mefuta e mengata ea metsoako. E nkoa e le protic solvent mme e na le boemo bo phahameng ba dielectric.
- Ethanol: Ethanol ke motsoako oa polar o sebelisoang hangata lits'ebetsong tsa baeloji le lik'hemik'hale. E nkoa e le protic solvent mme e na le boemo bo phahameng ba dielectric.
- Acetone: Acetone ke motsoako oa polar o sebelisoang hangata ka laboratoring. E nkoa e le aprotic solvent mme e na le boemo bo phahameng ba dielectric.
- Hexane: Hexane ke motsoako oa nonpolar o sebelisoang hangata k'hemistri ea tlhaho. E nkoa e le solvent e sa tloaelehang 'me e na le dielectric constant constant.
- Chloroform: Chloroform ke motsoako oa polar o sebelisoang ka tloaelo laboratoring. E nkoa e le aprotic solvent mme e na le dielectric tse fokolang kamehla.
Linyeoe tse Khethehileng: Li-solvents tse rarahaneng
Litlhapi tse ling li rarahane haholo 'me li ke ke tsa aroloa habonolo ho latela polarity ea tsona, dielectric constant, beiling point, kapa flash point. Li-solvents tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Tsoekere: Tsoekere ke metsoako ea polar e khonang ho qhaqha mefuta e mengata ea metsoako. Li nkoa e le li-solvents tsa protic 'me li na le dielectric kamehla.
- Li-Ionic Liquids: Mekelikeli ea Ionic ke lihlapolli tse lefshoang tse teng sebakeng sa mokelikeli mochesong oa kamore. Li na le lintlha tse ngata tse belang 'me li khona ho qhaqha mefuta e mengata ea metsoako.
- Metal Complexes: Metal complexes ke solvents e nang le element metal. Li khona ho jara litefiso tsa motlakase 'me li nkoa e le li-solvents tsa polar.
Multicomponent Solvents: Motsoako o rarahaneng oa metsoako
Multicomponent solvents ke mofuta oa solvent e entsoeng ka motsoako oa mefuta e fapaneng ea solvents. Li-solvents tsena li boetse li bitsoa "li-solvents tsa bokahohle" ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho qhaqha mefuta e mengata ea metsoako. Li-solvents tse ngata li entsoe ka metsoako e 'meli kapa ho feta e kopantsoeng hammoho ho etsa motsoako o le mong. Mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea li-solvents tse ngata e kenyelletsa:
- Acetate
- Xylene
- Toluene
- Ethanol
- Ethyl
- Butyl
- Leseli
- Cellosolve
- Thinner
Ho etsahala'ng ha Multicomponent Solvents e Eketsoa ho Lintho?
Ha li-solvents tse ngata li eketsoa linthong, lintho tse 'maloa li ka etsahala ho latela maemo:
- Haeba ntho e qhibiliha ka har'a mokelikeli, e tla qhibiliha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang 'me e arolelanoe ho pholletsa le tharollo.
- Haeba ntho e sa qhibilihe ka har'a solvent, e tla theha karolo e arohaneng 'me e ka tlosoa ka ho hloekisa kapa mekhoa e meng.
- Haeba ntho e bopa e qhibiliha ka solvent, ho thehoa motsoako o mocha o nang le thepa e fapaneng le ntho ea pele.
- Haeba lintho tse kenyellelitsoeng ho motsoako oa multicomponent li kopana, li-emulsion kapa metsoako e meng e rarahaneng e ka theha.
Tse ling tsa Lisebelisoa tsa 'Nete tsa Lefatše tsa Multicomponent Solvents ke life?
Li-solvents tse ngata li na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng indastering ea lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyelletsa:
- Lipente le lirafshoa: Li-solvents tse nang le likarolo tse ngata li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tšesaane le tse qhibilihisang pente le litlolo tsa ho roala.
- Meriana ea Meriana: Li-solvents tse ngata li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa meriana ea ho qhaqha le ho hloekisa metsoako.
- Lihlahisoa tsa ho hloekisa: Litlhapi tse nang le likarolo tse ngata li sebelisoa ho hloekisa lihlahisoa ho qhibiliha le ho tlosa litšila le litšila.
- Ho ntšoa ha oli le khase: Ho sebelisoa metsoako ea metsoako e mengata ha ho ntšoa oli le khase matamong a ka tlas'a lefatše.
Multicomponent solvents ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa metsoako e nang le mefuta e mengata ea likopo lefatšeng la lik'hemik'hale. Ho utloisisa hore na lihlapolli tsena li sebetsa joang le hore na li sebelisana joang le lintho tse fapaneng ho bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea sebetsang indastering ea lik'hemik'hale.
fihlela qeto e
Kahoo, ke seo solvent e leng sona - ntho e qhibilihisang ntho e 'ngoe. Lintho tse hlapollang li sebelisetsoa ho hloekisa, tlhokomelo ea botho le lihlahisoa tsa meriana, 'me li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
U ke ke ua li qoba, kahoo ke habohlokoa ho tseba litšobotsi tsa lihlapolli le kamoo li amang lintho tse li potolohileng. Kahoo, u se ke ua tšaba ho hlahloba lefatše la lihlapolli le ho ithuta haholoanyane ka tsona!
Ke Joost Nusselder, mothehi oa Tools Doctor, content marketer, le ntate. Ke rata ho leka lisebelisoa tse ncha, 'me hammoho le sehlopha sa ka esale ke theha lingoloa tse tebileng tsa blog ho tloha 2016 ho thusa babali ba tšepahalang ka lisebelisoa le malebela a ho qapa.
