Kukho amaxesha apho ufuna ukucoca ibhodi yakho yesekethe ngokucokisekileyo. Kwimeko apho, unokufuna ukususa i-solder endala.
Kodwa ukususa i-solder, uya kufuna isixhobo sokuchithwa ukuze usebenze ngentsimbi. Zeziphi ezo zixhobo kodwa?
Ngoku, ukuba awuzazi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-desoldering, ke ufikile kwindawo elungileyo! Ukuba uhamba ngeli nqaku, uya kufunda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza i-desolder.
Emva koko unokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela okanye isixhobo oza kusisebenzisa. Kwaye xa sele ugqibile ukwenza isigqibo, ungaqala ukususa i-solder kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye neebhodi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba ufunde malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-desoldering, kufuneka wazi ukuba yintoni kanye i-desoldering. Ngoko masiqale!
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
- Yintoni i-desoldering?
- Zeziphi izixhobo ezifunekayo desoldering?
- Iindlela zokususa i-solder
- 1. Indlela yokulukwa kwentsimbi
- 2. Indlela yempompo yokuchithwa
- 3. Indlela yentsimbi yokuchitha
- 4. Indlela yokususa umpu wobushushu
- 5. Indlela yokuchithwa kwesikhululo somoya oshushu
- 6. Indlela yokuphelisa umoya oxinanisiweyo
- 7. Ukuchithwa nge-tweezers
- 8. I-Desoldering ngepleyiti eshushu
- 9. Indlela yebhalbhu yokunyibilikisa
- 10. Ukuchithwa nge-drills
- 11. Ukuchithwa ngeChip Quik
- Susa i-solder njengepro ngeengcebiso zam
Yintoni i-desoldering?
Ukuchithwa yindlela yokususa i-solder kunye namacandelo afakwe kwibhodi yesekethe. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukususa amalunga e-solder.
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kuyafuneka apha.
Zeziphi izixhobo ezifunekayo desoldering?
Ezi zizixhobo oza kuzifuna ukususa eso solder singeyomfuneko:
- Impompo ebhangayo
- Ibhalbhu eqanduselayo
- Ukutshisa okutshisayo
- Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha okanye umsonto
- Ukususa iifluxes
- Ukususa iialloys
- Fudumeza imipu okanye umpu womoya oshushu
- Izikhululo zokwenza umsebenzi kwakhona okanye isikhululo sokuthengisa
- Iipompu zokucoca kunye noxinzelelo
- Iinketho ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-tweezers
Iindlela zokususa i-solder
1. Indlela yokulukwa kwentsimbi
Kule ndlela, xa ushushubeza i-solder, ubreyaphu wobhedu uyayinyusa. Kufuneka ugcine engqondweni ukuba umgangatho we-solder braid uhlala uhlala kuhamba kuyo. Kwakhona, coca i-iron soldering phambi kwala manyathelo.
Nanga amanyathelo:
Khetha ubungakanani bebraid
Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe ubungakanani be-braid desoldering ngobulumko. Sebenzisa i-braid enobubanzi obufanayo okanye ebanzi ngakumbi kunejoyinti ye-solder oza kuyisusa.
Sebenzisa i-iron soldering
Ukusebenzisa i-braid, yenza umngxuma kwi-solder joint ofuna ukuyisusa kwaye ubeke i-braid kuyo. Emva koko ubambe i-iron soldering ukuya kuyo ukuze i-wick ye-solder ikwazi ukufunxa ubushushu kwaye idlulisele kwi-joint.
Njalo khetha i-quality solder braid
Ngoku, kule nkqubo, ukuba ne-solder braid esemgangathweni ibalulekile. Okanye, ayizukwazi ukufunxa ubushushu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-solder esemgangathweni ebuthathaka, musa ukudimazeka. Ungayilungisa ngokongeza i-flux.
Kufuneka nje uyongeze kwindawo yebraid oza kuyisebenzisa. Kwaye kufuneka uyenze ngaphambi kokuba uyibeke kwindawo edibeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uziva ngathi i-joint ayinayo i-solder eyaneleyo, unokongeza i-solder entsha kwi-joint ngaphambili.
Uyakuqaphela utshintsho lombala
Xa ijoyinti ye-solder inyibilika, uya kubona isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo singena kwi-braid kwaye siyijika ibe ngumbala we-tin.
Spool out more of braid and move to the next section and continue the process de umdibaniselwano ufunxe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ususwe.
Susa isinyithi kunye ne-braid ndawonye
Emva kokuba i-solder etyhidiweyo isuswe, phakamisa zombini isinyithi kunye ne-braid ndawonye kunye nentshukumo enye. Xa ususa isinyithi ngaphambi kokuba udibanise, i-solder-filled braid ingapholisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqinise iphrojekthi.
2. Indlela yempompo yokuchithwa
Impompo enyibilikayo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-solder sucker okanye i-solder vacuum) isetyenziselwa ukufunxa izixa ezincinci zesolder enyibilikisiweyo xa unyibilikisa amalungu.
Uhlobo lwemanyuwali lolona guqulelo luthembekileyo lwesi sixhobo. Inamandla okufunxa athembekileyo kwaye inokususa ngokukhawuleza i-solder enyibilikisiweyo.
Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo phakathi iindlela zokususa i-solder ngaphandle kwentsimbi ye-soldering.
Cwangcisa intwasahlobo
Okokuqala, kufuneka ubeke intwasahlobo yepompo ye-solder.
Fudumeza intsimbi ye-solder kwiqondo elithile lobushushu
Fudumeza intsimbi ye-solder malunga nemizuzu emi-3.
Yenza uqhagamshelwano oluthambileyo phakathi kwentsimbi ye-solder kunye ne-solder joint ofuna ukuyisusa. Sebenzisa incam yentsimbi.
Gcina ukufudumala i-solder de inyibilike.
Sebenzisa i-solder sucker
Ngoku bamba incam yesolder yokufunxa kwi-solder enyibilikisiweyo kunye nephedi ye-solder. Zama ukungafaki naluphi na uxinzelelo.
Cofa iqhosha lokukhulula
Emva kokuba ucofe iqhosha lokukhulula, ipiston iya kudubula umva ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kudala ukufunxa okukhawulezayo okuza kutsalela i-solder enyibilikisiweyo kwimpompo.
Pholisa i-solder encibilikiweyo
Nika i-solder enyibilikisiweyo ixesha lokupholisa kwaye emva koko ukhuphe isixhobo sokufunxa kwinkunkuma.
3. Indlela yentsimbi yokuchitha
Le ndlela ifana kakhulu neendlela ezingentla.
Ifuna isinyithi esiqhekezayo esinye. I-ayini iza necandelo lokufunxa elakhelwe ngaphakathi elifunxa i-solder enyibilikisiweyo.
Faka incam yentsimbi eshushu ngaphambili kwi-solder joint ofuna ukuyisusa. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-solder i-liquefies, impompo ye-solder esebenzayo iya kuthatha i-solder enyibilikisiweyo.
4. Indlela yokususa umpu wobushushu
Okokuqala, susa i-PCB kwii-casings.
Ngoku, kufuneka ufudumeze indawo ngompu wakho wobushushu. Apha, kufuneka ubeke into kwinto enokutsha; indawo ejikelezileyo nayo kufuneka ingatshi.
Xa ufudumeza, uya kuqaphela i-solder ijika ibengezela; oko kuthetha ukuba iya kunyibilika. Emva koko, unokususa i-solder usebenzisa i-tweezers okanye izixhobo ezifanayo.
Ngoku ungayibeka kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukuze uphole.
5. Indlela yokuchithwa kwesikhululo somoya oshushu
Isikhululo sokuvuselela umoya oshushu sisixhobo esihle kakhulu semisebenzi emincinci ekufuneka uyenzile ngokukhawuleza. Sisixhobo esiluncedo sokususa iinxalenye ze-solder kwiibhodi zesekethe ezindala.
Sebenzisa la manyathelo alandelayo:
Khetha umlomo wakho
Ezincinci zilungile ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezincinci, ngelixa ezikhulu zilungele iindawo ezibalulekileyo zebhodi.
Tshintshela kwisixhobo
Nje ukuba ulayite isixhobo, siya kuqalisa ukufudumeza. Soloko ufudumeza isikhululo somoya oshushu phambi kokuba usisebenzise.
Jolisa umlomo; unokuqaphela ukufutha komsi omhlophe ophuma kuyo. Ewe, ezi ziqhelekileyo, ngoko akufanele ukhathazeke ngayo!
Lungisa ukuhamba komoya kunye neqondo lobushushu
Kukho amaqhina ama-2 awohlukeneyo ngalinye. Misela ukuhamba komoya kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunendawo yokunyibilika kwesolder.
Faka isicelo sokuhamba
Faka isicelo kwi-joint solder ofuna ukuyisusa.
Cwangcisa umlomo
Ngoku sele uzilungisile, lixesha lokujolisa umlomo kwindawo oza kusebenza kuyo. Qhubeka uhambisa umlomo emva naphambili de i-solder iqalise ukunyibilika.
Ngoku susa ngononophelo icandelo ofuna ukuphinda usebenze nge-tweezers. Wulumkele umoya oshushu.
Vumela isixhobo siphole
Sicime isixhobo ukusiyeka siphole. Hlamba ibhodi ukuba kukho nayiphi na i-flux enyibilikayo emanzini. Ukuba iyekile, oku kunokubangela umhlwa.
6. Indlela yokuphelisa umoya oxinanisiweyo
Kule ndlela, udinga kuphela isinyithi se-soldering kunye nomoya oxinyiweyo. Kufuneka unxibe iindondo zokhuseleko. Obu buchule bumoshakele kancinci, kodwa buthe ngqo.
Ekuqaleni, kufuneka ufudumeze isinyithi se-soldering. Chukumisa ngobunono ikhonkco le-solder ofuna ukulisusa.
Emva koko tshisa i-solder joint kwaye usebenzise umoya ocinezelweyo ukuvuthela i-solder. Kwaye inkqubo yenziwe!
7. Ukuchithwa nge-tweezers
Abantu ikakhulu basebenzisa i-tweezers yokunyibilikisa i-solder kwindawo efanelekileyo. I-tweezers iza kwiifom ezi-2: nokuba zilawulwa ngu isikhululo sokuthengisela okanye ukuma ngokukhululekileyo.
Ubukhulu becala, iingcebiso ezi-2 zesixhobo zisetyenziselwa i-desoldering; kufuneka usebenzise iingcebiso kwii-terminals ze-2 zecandelo.
Ngoko ke yintoni na indlela yokucoca? Masidlule kuloo nto!
Vula ii-tweezers
Okokuqala, kufuneka uvule i-tweezers kwaye usethe ubushushu. Uyakwazi ukujonga incwadana yemiyalelo eneenkcukacha.
Ukudala unxibelelwano oluhle phakathi kwe-tweezers kunye necandelo, ungasebenzisa i-flux okanye i-solder eyongezelelweyo.
Nyibilikisa i-solder
Kule nto, beka i-tip ye-tweezers kwindawo leyo kwaye ulinde de i-solder inyibilike.
Bamba icandelo usebenzisa i-tweezers
Ngoku ukuba i-solder ityhidiwe, bamba icandelo ngokucofa ngobunono i-tweezers. Phakamisa inxalenye kwaye uyihambise kwindawo entsha ukuze ukhulule i-tweezers.
Ungasebenzisa esi sixhobo kumacandelo aneetheminali ezi-2, njengezixhasi, iidiode, okanye ii-capacitors. Inqaku elidibanisayo lokusebenzisa i-tweezers azizitshisi ezinye iindawo (ezingqongileyo).
8. I-Desoldering ngepleyiti eshushu
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu basebenzisa umbane ipleyiti eshushu ukufudumeza ibhodi kwiqondo lobushushu be-solder, kunye nokususa iibhulorho ze-solder ebhodini.
Uzakufuna isiqwenga sentsimbi esicaba, intsimbi yokuthambisa, kunye nentambo yokuthambisa. Intsimbi kukubeka ibhodi yakho kwipleyiti eshushu.
Makhe sibone inkqubo.
Yongeza i-solder paste kwibhodi yakho
Kufuneka udibanise i-solder paste kwibhodi yakho. Ungasebenzisa isirinji ukufaka ngokuthe ngqo i-solder kwiipads ezifunwayo. Itshiphu nayo!
Qinisekisa ukuba ubeke i-solder paste phakathi kweseti nganye yezikhonkwane. Awunakukhathazeka ngokubeka kakhulu kuyo kuba unokususa ngokulula okongeziweyo kamva.
Beka i-chip kwi-solder paste
Ngoku kufuneka ubeke i-chip kwi-solder paste kwaye ukhangele ukuba ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Sebenzisa iqhekeza lesinyithi
Sebenzisa iqhekeza lentsimbi ukubeka ibhodi kuyo. Emva koko uyibeke kwipleyiti eshushu kwaye uvule isixhobo.
Chonga ubushushu obufanelekileyo benkqubo
Awufuni ukuba ibhodi yakho ibe shushu kangangokuba iqalise ukonakalisa iitshiphusi kunye ne-epoxy ebopha ibhodi yesekethe. Kufuneka uyenze ishushu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza i-solder ihambe.
Kule meko, kufuneka ube nombono womthamo weplate yakho eshushu kwangaphambili. Emva koko, faka ifowuni kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo kwaye ulinde.
Emva kwexesha elithile, i-solder iya kuqala ukunyibilika. Uyakubona i-solder ijika ibengezela.
Uya kuqwalasela ezinye iibhulorho ze-solder
I-solder enyibilike ngokupheleleyo ishiya iibhulorho ze-solder. Nje ukuba i-solder ihambe, cima isixhobo, thatha iqhekeza lentsimbi kunye nebhodi, kwaye uyiyeke iphole.
Sebenzisa i-desoldering braid kunye nentsimbi
Ngoku ungasebenzisa i-desoldering braid kunye nentsimbi ukususa iibhulorho ze-solder. Unako ukulandela inkqubo desoldering braids ekhankanywe ngaphambili.
9. Indlela yebhalbhu yokunyibilikisa
Kule nkqubo, uya kufuna ibhalbhu yokulahla kunye nentsimbi. Ibhalbhu yokulahla isebenzisa isenzo sokufunxa ukususa i-solder ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula.
Usebenzisa njani ibhalbhu eqandusayo?
Fudumeza intsimbi ye-solder kwaye uyisebenzise ukunyibilikisa i-solder ofuna ukuyisusa.
Cofa ibhalbhu ngesandla esinye kwaye uchukumise i-solder enyibilikisiweyo ngencam yebhalbhu. Yikhulule ukuze i-solder ifunxelwe kwibhalbhu.
Lindela de i-solder iphole. Emva koko, ungasusa ingcebiso kwaye ukhulule imixholo yebhalbhu.
Nangona esi sixhobo singenawo amandla okufunxa amaninzi, awunabungozi kuwo nawuphi na umonakalo. Ungasebenzisa le ndlela xa ufuna ukususa inani elithile le-solder.
10. Ukuchithwa nge-drills
Ungasebenzisa i-drill yesandla esincinci kule nkqubo. Kwakhona, ungasebenzisa i-pin vise ene-drill bitana encinci. Thenga iidrili ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomngxuma owudingayo ukuze uwuvule.
Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-drill emva kokusebenzisa ibhalbhu yokulahla. Emva kokuba ufunxa i-solder ngebhalbhu, unokukhupha i-solder eseleyo ukuba ikhona.
Kufuneka usebenzise i-cobalt, i-carbon, okanye isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu i-drill bits, kodwa ungaze usebenzise enye ye-carbide. Kwaye lumka ngelixa usebenza nge-drill enkulu.
11. Ukuchithwa ngeChip Quik
I-alloy yokususa i-Chip Quik yehlisa ubushushu be-solder ngokuyixuba kunye ne-solder ekhoyo. Oku kunceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo desoldering kwaye igcina solder otyhidiweyo ixesha elide.
Ukuba ujonge ukususa amacandelo abalulekileyo aphezu komhlaba afana nee-ICs, ungasebenzisa iChip Quik. Unako ukususa amacandelo e-SMD ngentsimbi ye-soldering kunokusebenzisa isikhululo sokuvuselela umoya oshushu.
Susa i-solder njengepro ngeengcebiso zam
Nje ukuba uqhelene nendlela yokwenziwa kwe-desoldering, iya kuba ngumsebenzi omnandi ukwenza!
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokususa i-solder. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukususa i-solder kwiibhodi zeesekethe, unokulandela i-desoldering technique esisiseko, ukugaya kunye nokucoca.
Ukukhupha i-solder yenye indlela, nangona idinga amanqanaba aphezulu amava kunye nobuchule.
Kwimeko apho ufuna ukususa i-solder kwiiplate zethusi, unokwenza ukuchithwa kweekhemikhali. Ngaphezu koko, ngamanye amaxesha, kunokufuneka uqhume kancinci iPCB yakho ngelixa ususa i-solder kwindawo enkulu.
Ngokucacileyo, kufuneka uthathe isigqibo malunga neendlela ngokucophelela; ukuqonda ezi ndlela zingasentla kuya kunceda kakhulu, njengoko uya kwazi ukuba yeyiphi iteknoloji efanele umsebenzi wakho.
Iindlela ezikhankanywe kweli nqaku zinika isiqalo esihle sokufunda indlela yokulahla.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
