I-Lacquer yimpahla eyenziwe kwi-resin, ephuma kwimfihlo yomthi okanye inambuzane. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukugqiba okukhazimlayo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo enokusetyenziswa ukukhusela kunye nokuhombisa phantse nantoni na ukusuka kwizixhobo zomculo ukuya kwifanitshala ukuya kwiimoto.
Makhe sijonge kwimbali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale nto ikhethekileyo.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Lacquer- Isikhokelo sokugqibela
I-Lacquer luhlobo lwempahla esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengokugqiba okanye umaleko ngemithi, isinyithi, kunye nezinye iindawo. Iyoma ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye inokuvelisa indawo ekhanyayo kwaye egudileyo xa isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. Injongo ephambili ye-lacquer kukukhusela umphezulu owugubungelayo, ushiye umgca oqinileyo kunye nokuqina onokuhlala iminyaka.
Imbali yeLacquer
I-Lacquer isetyenziswe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kunye nemveliso eqala emva kwe-5000 BCE. Ukuveliswa kwe-lacquer kubandakanya ukukhupha i-resin kwimithi kunye nokongeza i-wax kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ukudala ifom efanelekileyo. Kumaxesha amandulo, i-lacquer yayisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukudala ukugqitywa kwemibala kunye ne-shiny kwifenitshala kunye nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeLacquer
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lacquer, nganye ineempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zidumileyo ze-lacquer ziquka:
- I-Nitrocellulose lacquer: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-lacquer olusetyenziswa kumaxesha anamhlanje. Iyaziwa ngexesha layo lokumisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesicelo esilula.
- I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini: Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer luphantsi kwi-VOC kwaye lufanelekile abo bafuna ukufumana inketho eco-friendly.
- I-lacquer ye-pre-catalyzed: Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer lufuna umenzi ozinikeleyo ukuba aphathe imveliso, kwaye iyaziwa ngokuhlala kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokugqiba kwayo.
- I-lacquer ye-Post-catalyzed: Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer lufana ne-lacquer yangaphambili kodwa lufuna inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokususa i-catalyst ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
- I-lacquer ye-UV-cured: Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer lukhawuleza kakhulu-lomisa kwaye lugcina ukugqiba kwegloss ephezulu.
Ii-Pros and Cons of Use Lacquer
Njengayo nayiphi na imveliso, i-lacquer ineenzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo. Nazi ezinye zeengongoma eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
eziluncedo:
- Ibonelela ngesiphelo esigudileyo nesicwebezelayo
- Ikhusela umphezulu owugubungelayo
- Uyoma ngokukhawuleza
- Ingasetyenziswa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo
bendlela:
- Ifuna umoya ofanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko ngexesha lokufaka isicelo
- Inokubangela imiba yezempilo ukuba ayisetyenziswanga kakuhle
- Isenokufuna iidyasi ezininzi zokhuselo olufanelekileyo
- Kunokuba nzima ukususa xa sele ifakiwe
Uyifaka njani iLacquer
Ukusebenzisa i-lacquer kufuna umsebenzi othile kunye nengqalelo kwiinkcukacha. Nanga amanye amanyathelo aphambili ekufuneka uwalandele:
- Isanti umphezulu kufuneka ugqunywe nge-sandpaper ecocekileyo ukuze wenze indawo egudileyo.
- Faka isicelo se-lacquer kwiingubo ezincinci, uvumele isambatho ngasinye some ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ungeze enye.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-lacquer esetyenzisiweyo, kunokufuna ukuthungwa kwesanti phakathi kweedyasi ukwenza ukugqiba kakuhle.
- Emva kokuba isambatho sokugqibela sisetyenziswe, vumela i-lacquer ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umhlaba.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweLacquer
I-Lacquer isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:
- Ukudala ukugqitywa okukhanyayo kwifenitshala kunye nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa
- Ukukhusela izixhobo zomculo, njengemaple kunye nomlotha, kumonakalo
- Ukongeza umaleko wokukhusela kwiindawo zetsimbi ukukhusela umhlwa kunye nomnye umonakalo
Umahluko phakathi kweLacquer kunye nezinye iiFinish
Nangona i-lacquer luhlobo oludumileyo lokugqiba, akusiyo kuphela inketho ekhoyo. Nazi ezinye iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwe-lacquer kunye nezinye izinto ezigqityiweyo:
- I-Lacquer yomile ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iziqendu, ezifana ne-varnish kunye ne-shellac.
- I-Lacquer yomelele ngakumbi kunezinye iziqendu kwaye inokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula.
- I-Lacquer inxulumene nezinga eliphezulu le-VOC, elinokubangela imiba yezempilo ukuba ingasetyenziswanga kakuhle.
I-Etymology enomdla yeLacquer
Igama elithi "lacquer" linomlando ocebileyo kwaye onzima, kunye nentsingiselo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-alternative yamandulo kwi-lacquer yanamhlanje yayiyinto yendalo ye-resinous ephuma kwiimfihlo ze-lac inambuzane. Igama elithi "lacquer" lithatyathwe kwigama lesiPersi elithi "lak" kunye negama lesiHindi elithi "lākh", omabini athetha "ikhulu lamawaka". Oku kungenxa yokuba kuthatha inani elithile lezinambuzane ukuvelisa isixa esincinci sezinto ezikhupha intlaka.
Inguqulelo yeLacquer
Igama elithi "lacquer" liye laguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwiinkulungwane, kuquka isiLatini, isiFrentshi, isiPhuthukezi, isiArabhu kunye nesiSanskrit. NgesiLatini, igama elithi lacquer lithi "laca", ngelixa ngesiFrentshi "laque". NgesiPhuthukezi, yi "lacca", ngelixa ngesiArabhu "lakk". NgesiSanskrit, igama lelacquer lithi “lākshā”, elithatyathwe kwisenzi esithi “laksha”, elithetha “ukumakisha okanye ukwambatha”.
Ukuduma okungapheliyo kweLacquer
Nangona kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi kunye nokuhluka kwegama elithi "lacquer", impahla ngokwayo iye yahlala ihleli kwimbali. Udumo lwayo oluhlala luhleli lububungqina bokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuqina kwayo, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuphucula ubuhle bayo nayiphi na indawo esetyenziswa kuyo. Ingaba isetyenziswe kumaxesha amandulo okanye imveliso yanamhlanje, i-lacquer iyaqhubeka iyinto exabiswa kakhulu kwaye ifunwa.
Iintlobo ze-5 zeLacquer kunye nokuGqiba kwazo okuKwahlukileyo
1. I-Nitrocellulose Lacquer
I-Nitrocellulose lacquer yenye yezona ntlobo zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-lacquer phakathi kweengcibi kunye nabavelisi. Yilacquer yendabuko esetyenziselwe izixhobo zomculo ixesha elide. Iikhompawundi eziphambili ezibangela ukomiswa kwe-nitrocellulose lacquer zi-solvents ezisebenzayo eziphuma ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer lunomdla kakhulu kwiikhemikhali ezithile kwaye lunokonakala lula. Awona magama axhaphakileyo e-sheen e-nitrocellulose lacquer ukusuka kokuncinci ukuya kutsho kweyona ibengezela kakhulu ngala: flat, matte, eggshell, satin, semi-gloss, kunye neglosi.
2. I-Lacquer esekelwe emanzini
I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini luhlobo olutsha lwe-lacquer oluya luthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokusingqongileyo. Ifana ne-nitrocellulose lacquer ngokwenkqubo yokomisa, kodwa iqulethe amanzi endaweni ye-solvents. I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini iyona nto ikhethekileyo kwabo banomdla kwiikhemikhali ezithile kwaye bafuna ixesha lokumisa ngokukhawuleza. Amanqanaba e-sheen e-lacquer esekelwe emanzini asemgangathweni kwaye abandakanya i-flat, matte, satin, kunye negloss.
3. I-Lacquer yangaphambili yeCatalyzed
I-lacquer ye-pre-catalyzed luhlobo lwe-lacquer oluqhelekileyo lufumaneka kwiivenkile zemithi. Yimveliso enamacandelo amabini aqala ukunyanga nje ukuba la malungu mabini adityaniswe kunye. Olu hlobo lwe-lacquer lwenzelwe ukuthwala umgangatho oqinileyo wokukhusela kwaye lukhetho oluhle kulabo bafuna ukugqitywa okuphezulu. I-lacquer ye-pre-catalyzed ifumaneka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-sheen, kuquka i-flat, i-satin, kunye ne-gloss.
4. I-Acrylic Lacquer
I-Acrylic lacquer luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-lacquer olunikezela ngokugudileyo kwaye kulula ukucoca ukugqiba. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwintsimbi kwaye ikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo abo bafuna ukugqiba okulungileyo, okucocekileyo. I-lacquer ye-Acrylic ivumela ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo zongezwe ekugqibeleni, kuquka umbala kunye nokuthungwa. Amanqanaba e-sheen ye-acrylic lacquer abandakanya isicaba, i-matte, i-satin, kunye neglosi.
5. Ukuguqulwa kweLacquer yeVarnish
I-varnish yokuguqula i-lacquer luhlobo lwe-lacquer ephakathi kwe-lacquer yendabuko kunye ne-polyurethane yanamhlanje. Iyinxalenye yecandelo elibini lenzelwe ukukhusela nokukhusela umonakalo womthi. Ukuguqulwa kwe-varnish lacquer yomelele kakhulu kwaye lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwabo bafuna ukugqiba ixesha elide. Amanqanaba e-sheen yolu hlobo lwe-lacquer lubandakanya i-matte, i-satin, kunye ne-gloss.
Yintoni ekuMxube: I-Nitty-Gritty yezinyibilikisi zeLacquer eziQhelekileyo & nezongezo
I-Lacquer iyinkuni eyaziwayo egqityiweyo esetyenziswe kwiinkulungwane. Kukugqitywa okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuqina okunokuthi kusetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwifenitshala ukuya kwizixhobo zomculo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokudala i-lacquer ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvents kunye izongezo oko kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Nazi ezinye zezona zinyibiliki zixhaphakileyo ezifumaneka kwilacquer:
- I-Toluene: Esi sinyibilikisi siqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-lacquer kuba iphuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishiye isiphelo esigudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikwayityhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, kunye nokungabikho zingqondweni ukuba iphefumle kakhulu.
- I-Xylenes: Ezi zinyibilikisi ziyafana ne-toluene kwaye zidla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nayo. Zikwayityhefu kakhulu kwaye zinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nesiyezi.
- I-Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK): Esi sinyibilikisi sisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-lacquers zoshishino kuba sisebenza kakhulu ekuchitheni i-resin kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, iyakwazi ukutsha kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye neengxaki zokuphefumla ukuba ifakwe.
- I-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK): Esi sinyibilikisi siyafana ne-MEK kwaye sisoloko sisetyenziswa ngokudibanisa nayo. Ikwanokutsha kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye neengxaki zokuphefumla.
- I-formaldehyde: Esi songezo sisetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo ze-lacquer ukukunceda ukuba zome ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ikwayi-carcinogen eyaziwayo kwaye inokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla ukuba ifakwe.
- I-Methanol: Esi sinyibilikisi siqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-lacquer kuba iphuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishiye isiphelo esigudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ubumfama, ukonakala kwesibindi, kunye nokufa ukuba ityiwe.
Izongezo ezisetyenziswa kwiLacquer
Ukongeza kwi-solvents, i-lacquer iqulethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezongezo ezinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokubonakala kwayo. Nazi ezinye izongezo eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwi-lacquer:
- IiPlastiki: Ezi zongezo zinceda ukwenza i-lacquer ibe bhetyebhetye kwaye ixhathise ukukrazula kunye nokukhupha.
- I-UV Stabilizers: Ezi zongezo zinceda ukukhusela i-lacquer kwimiphumo eyingozi yokukhanya kwelanga kunye nezinye iintlobo zemitha ye-UV.
- Iidriers: Ezi zongezo zinceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokomisa kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuqina kokugqiba.
- I-Pigments: Ezi zongezo zisetyenziselwa ukunika i-lacquer umbala wayo kwaye inokwenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo kunye nezinto zokwenziwa.
- IiResins: Ezi zongezo zinceda ukubopha ezinye izithako kunye kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela kunye nokuqina kokugqitywa.
Ngaba iLacquer yinkuni elungileyo igqibezela wena?
- I-Lacquer yinto eguquguqukayo enokuthi isetyenziswe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokhuni, ukusuka kwi-hardwood ukuya kwi-cypress.
- Ukusebenzisa i-lacquer kulula kwaye kufuna izixhobo ezincinci. Ungayifaka ngebrashi okanye uyitshize kuyo.
- I-Lacquer yomile ngokukhawuleza, oku kuthetha ukuba ungasebenzisa iingubo ezininzi ngexesha elifutshane.
- Ixesha lokumisa ngokukhawuleza likwathetha ukuba unokuhamba kumgangatho ogqityiweyo kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuwusebenzisa.
- I-Lacquer yindlela ephantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezigqityiweyo, ezifana ne-oyile-based finishes.
- I-Lacquer ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye iza ngamawaka eenketho, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthi kunye nokugqiba okufunwayo.
- I-Lacquer idala ukugqitywa okunzima kunye nokuqina okunokuhlala iminyaka.
Ukukhetha eyona iGqibezelayo yokhuni lwakho
- Cinga uhlobo lomthi owugqibayo kunye nenkangeleko efunwayo ofuna ukuyifeza.
- Jonga ubumanzi bomthi phambi kokuba ufake nayiphi na into egqityezelweyo ukuthintela imiba ezantsi komgca.
- Vavanya ukugqiba okuhlukeneyo kwindawo encinci yokhuni ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyonwabile ngesiphumo.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kwimithi kunye nokugqiba, unokufuna ukusebenzisa iingubo ezininzi ukuze ufezekise ukujonga okufunwayo kunye nokuqina.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha vumela ukugqitywa kome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokufaka iidyasi ezongezelelweyo okanye ukuhamba kumgangatho ogqityiweyo.
- Qwalasela iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kokhetho ngalunye lokugqiba ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokugqibela.
isiphelo
Ke, yilacquer kuwe- into esetyenziselwa ukugquma imiphezulu ukuyikhusela nokuhombisa. I-Lacquer isetyenziselwe iinkulungwane kwaye inembali ecebileyo evela kumaxesha amandulo.
Ngoku kufuneka wazi umahluko phakathi kwe-lacquer kunye ne-varnish, kwaye kutheni i-lacquer iyona khetho olungcono lokugqiba. Ke, qhubeka kwaye uzame!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
