I-Acrylic: Ukuqonda iMathiriyeli, ukuSetyenziswa kwayo, kunye noKwakha

I-Acrylic yipolymer eyenziwe nge-acrylic acid kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiipeyinti ukuya kwiiplastiki ukuya kumazinyo okufakelwa. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye? Kwaye yahluke njani kwezinye iiplastiki? Makhe sijonge oko.

Yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga ne-Acrylic

I-Acrylic yimathiriyeli yepolymer eyaziwa njengeglasi ye-acrylic. Yi-thermoplastic ebonakalayo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiifom ezahlukeneyo. I-Acrylic iveliswa kwi-methyl methacrylate, eyi-a zokwenziwa ikhompawundi. Izinto eziphathekayo ziqwalaselwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokucaca kwe-optical.

Imbali yeAkriliki

I-Acrylic inembali ende kunye nedumileyo. Izinto eziphathekayo zaveliswa okokuqala yinkampani ebizwa ngokuba yiRohm kunye neHaas kwi-1933. Inkampani yayingomnye wabadlali ababalaseleyo kwimarike iminyaka emininzi. I-Acrylic yaba yimveliso edumileyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziphezulu zemozulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki ezibonakalayo. Namhlanje, i-acrylic isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zivelisa izinto eziphathekayo.

Iintlobo ze-Acrylic

I-Acrylic iza kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwifom efunwayo kunye nokugqiba. Ezinye zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-acrylic ziquka:

• Iphepha le-acrylic
• iibhondi Acrylic
• Iikhompawundi ze-Acrylic
• I-acrylic eyomileyo
• I-acrylic eshushu

Inkqubo yoPhicotho

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-acrylic ibandakanya ubuchule obuvumela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zisetyenziswe kwiifom ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukufudumeza izinto kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, eliphumela ekugqityweni okuqinileyo nokuzinzileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekugqityweni okufunwayo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule zinokusetyenziswa.

Ubungozi obunokubakho

Nangona i-acrylic ithathwa njengento ekhuselekileyo, iikhompawundi ezithile ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa zingabangela ingozi xa zingaphathwa kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukwazi ubungozi obunokubakho kwaye uthathe izilumkiso eziyimfuneko xa usebenza nge-acrylic.

I-Acrylic: I-Material Versatile kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweePropati kunye noKhetho lweMathiriyeli

I-Acrylic ifumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu, kunye nokugqitywa, okwenza kube yinto eguquguqukayo enokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezinto onokukhetha kuzo kwi-acrylic ziquka:

• Iphepha le-Acrylic: Iphepha le-Acrylic lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezininzi, kubandakanya iiprojekthi ze-DIY, ukuvelisa, kunye nokunye. Ifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi kunye nobukhulu, okwenza kube lula ukufumana ukufaneleka ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
• Ifayibha ye-Acrylic: Ifayibha ye-Akriliki yenye indlela ekhethekileyo kwiintsinga zendalo ezinjengoboya kunye nomqhaphu. Idla ngokusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iimpahla zokunxiba, iingubo kunye namanye amalaphu.
• Iintambo ze-Acrylic kunye neentambo zamandla: I-Acrylic yinto efanelekileyo kwiintambo kunye neentambo zamandla ngenxa yokuchasana kwamanzi kunye nefuthe.
• I-acrylic yokuphosa: I-acrylic ephosiweyo yi-acrylic ekumgangatho ophezulu esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni iimveliso eziphezulu. Inokugqiba okuphezulu kwaye kulula ukusebenza nayo.
• I-acrylic eyongeziweyo: I-acrylic eyongeziweyo yenye yexabiso eliphantsi lokuphosa i-acrylic. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo apho ukugqitywa okusisiseko kwamkelekile.
• Iziqwenga ze-Acrylic kwiiprojekthi ze-DIY: Iziqwenga ze-Acrylic lukhetho olukhulu kwiiprojekthi ze-DIY kuba kulula ukusika kunye nokumila. Zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi kunye nobukhulu, okwenza kube lula ukufumana eyona nto ifanelekileyo yeprojekthi yakho.

Ukusebenza nge-Acrylic

Xa usebenza nge-acrylic, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo omele uzigcine engqondweni:

• Ukusika: I-Acrylic inokusikwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iisarha, iirotha, kunye nabasiki be-laser.
• Ukudibanisa: Iibhondi ze-Acrylic kakuhle kunye ne-adhesives kunye ne-solvents, okwenza kube lula ukufezekisa ibhondi eyomeleleyo.
• I-Thermoforming: I-Acrylic ilula kwi-thermoform, okwenza kube lula ukufikelela kwiindidi zeemilo kunye nobukhulu.
• Ixesha kunye nobushushu: Xa usebenza nge-acrylic, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ixesha kunye neemfuno zokushisa zohlobo oluthile lwe-acrylic osebenza nalo.

Iimpawu ezidumileyo kunye namagama

Ezinye zezona mpawu zidumileyo kunye namagama kwihlabathi le-acrylic ziquka:

• I-Plexiglas: I-Plexiglas luphawu oludumileyo lwephepha le-acrylic elaziwa ngokucace kakhulu kunye neempawu zemozulu.
• Lucite: I-Lucite luphawu oludumileyo lwe-acrylic ephosiweyo eyaziwayo ngokugqitywa kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza ngokulula.
• I-Optix: I-Optix luphawu oludumileyo lwe-acrylic ekhutshiweyo eyaziwayo ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokugqiba okusisiseko.
• I-Acrylite: I-Acrylite yi-brand eyaziwayo ye-acrylic sheet eyaziwayo ngokuxhatshazwa kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokucaca.

IKhemistry eNgemva kwe-Acrylic: Ukuqonda iiKhemikhali kunye neMathiriyeli

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I-Acrylic yipolymer, nto leyo ethetha ukuba yenziwe ngokudibanisa ii-monomers kunye. Iimonomers ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-acrylic zaziwa ngokuba zii-acrylates, eziziikhompawundi eziqulathe ukudityaniswa kabini phakathi kweeathom zekhabhoni. Xa ezi acrylates zenziwe i-polymerized, zenza ikhonkco elide leemolekyuli ezenza imveliso yokugqibela ye-acrylic.

Ukuphonononga iSakhiwo kunye neeBonds ze-Acrylic

Ubume be-acrylic bufana nezinye iiplastiki, kodwa zinezinye iikhompawundi ezongezelelweyo ezenza ukuba zihluke. I-Acrylic yenziwa ngokususa i-molecule yokuqala kwikhompawundi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-methyl methacrylate. Oku kudala ikhompawundi entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-poly(methyl methacrylate), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PMMA. Isiphumo se-PMMA senza isiseko seemveliso ze-acrylic.

Iibhondi kwi-acrylic zenziwe ngokudibanisa iiathomu zekhabhoni kunye neebhondi ezimbini. Ezi zibophelelo zinamandla kakhulu kwaye zenze isakhiwo esifana nekhonkco esinika i-acrylic amandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Iibhondi eziphindwe kabini zenza kube lula ukuba amaqela ongezelelweyo afakwe kwi-chain, eyenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ze-acrylic.

Ukuqonda iNkqubo ye-Acrylic Polymerization

Inkqubo ye-acrylic polymerization ilula. Iqala nge-monomer, eyi-molecule ekwazi ukusabela kunye nezinye iiamolekyu ukwenza i-polymer. Kwimeko ye-acrylic, i-monomer yi-methyl methacrylate.

Iimonomers ke zidityaniswe kunye ukwenza ikhonkco lepolymer. Oku kwenziwa ngokususa i-molecule encinci, njengamanzi okanye i-acetone, kwi-monomer. Ikhompawundi enesiphumo ke yenza ibhondi kunye nenye imonoma, kwaye inkqubo iyaqhubeka de ikhonkco lepolymer ligqibe.

Ukuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeMathiriyeli ye-Acrylic

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo ze-acrylic, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zemathiriyeli ye-acrylic ziquka:

• I-Acrylic sheet: Eli liphepha leplastiki elicacileyo elisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kushishino lokwakha.
• I-Acrylic fiber: Le yifayibha yokwenziwa edla ngokusetyenziswa kwimpahla kunye namanye amalaphu.
• I-Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwezinto ze-acrylic kwaye lusetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi, kuquka iimpawu, iziboniso, kunye nezibane zokukhanyisa.

Ukuqonda iiPropati zeMichiza ye-Acrylic

I-Acrylic inenani leempawu zeekhemikhali ezenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa koluhlu olubanzi. Ezinye zezi propati ziquka:

• Ukungafihli: I-Acrylic yinto ebonakalayo evumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule kuyo ngokulula.
• I-Elasticity: I-Acrylic yimathiriyeli e-elastic kakhulu enokolulwa kwaye igobe ngaphandle kokuphuka.
• Ukumelana nemozulu: I-Acrylic yinto ehlala ixesha elide enokumelana nokuvezwa kwezinto ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Ukukhulula i-Versatility ye-Acrylic: Isikhokelo sokusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhelekileyo

I-Acrylic yinto enika ukucaca okuphezulu, okwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukucaca. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kukwenza kube lula ukuyibumba kwiimilo zesiko, iyenze ibe yinto yokuya kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kumashishini. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-acrylic:

• Amaphepha e-Acrylic asetyenziselwa iifestile, ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-aquariums ngenxa yokucaca kunye nendalo ekhaphukhaphu.
• Izikhonkwane ze-Acrylic ziyindlela edumileyo kwi-nail polish yendabuko ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kuyilo.
• Ipeyinti ye-Acrylic iyintandokazi phakathi kwamagcisa ngemibala yayo eqaqambileyo kunye nokukwazi ukunamathela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
• Ifenitshala ye-Acrylic lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kumakhaya anamhlanje ngenxa yenkangeleko yayo ethambileyo kunye noyilo olunokwenzeka.

I-Acrylic yokuSebenza kwamandla kunye nokuchasana kweMpembelelo ephezulu

I-Acrylic iyaziwa nangokusebenza kwayo kwamandla kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu, okwenza kube yinto ethembekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-acrylic:

• Iilensi ze-Acrylic zisetyenziswa kwiiglasi zamehlo, iilensi zekhamera, kunye neebinoculars ngenxa yobume bazo obukhaphukhaphu kunye nokumelana nempembelelo ephezulu.
• Izithintelo zokhuseleko lwe-Acrylic zisetyenziselwa iibhanki, iimyuziyam, kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo ngenxa yokukwazi ukujamelana neempembelelo kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeza.
• Izixhobo zonyango ze-Acrylic, ezifana ne-incubators kunye nezixhobo zokuhlinzwa, zisetyenziswa ngenxa yokukwazi ukugcina indawo eyinyumba kunye nokumelana nomonakalo kwiikhemikhali.

I-Acrylic yokuFumana ngokulula kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso

I-Acrylic yimpahla efumaneka lula, eyenza ukuba ibe yindleko yokukhetha kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukufumaneka kwayo ngokulula kwenza kube lula ukwenza usetyenziso oluthile. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-acrylic:

• Iimpawu ze-Acrylic lukhetho oludumileyo lwamashishini ngenxa yokufikeleleka kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa iilogo kunye noyilo.
• Amabhaso e-Acrylic kunye neendebe lukhetho oludumileyo lokuqaphela impumelelo ngenxa yokufikeleleka kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa amagama kunye nemihla.
• Izitshixo ze-Acrylic kunye nobucwebe lukhetho oludumileyo lokwenziwa komntu ngenxa yokufikeleleka kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngamagama kunye noyilo.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-Acrylic kunye nokufumaneka kwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukucaca kwayo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo kwenza kube yinto ethembekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukungafihli kunye nokuqina. Nokuba yeyefestile, izixhobo zonyango, okanye izipho ezenzelwe umntu, i-acrylic yinto enokubunjwa ukuze ilingane nayiphi na imfuno.

Ilaphu le-Acrylic: Isixhobo esiNyuseko nesifikelelekayo

Ilaphu le-Acrylic iveliswa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-polymerization, ebandakanya ukusabela kwii-monomers ezithile kunye ukwenza ikhompawundi enkulu. Ipholima ephumayo iye ijijelwe ibe yimicu enokuthi ilukwe okanye idityaniswe ibe ilaphu. Indwangu ye-Acrylic inokuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimveliso yokuphela oyifunayo. Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zelaphu le-acrylic ziquka:

• I-acrylic eqhelekileyo: Olu lolona hlobo luqhele ukuveliswa kwelaphu le-acrylic kwaye lisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso.
• I-acrylic ephezulu: Olu hlobo lwelaphu le-acrylic iveliswa kusetyenziswa ikhonkco elide le-polymer, elenza ilaphu eliqinileyo nelihlala ixesha elide.
• I-acrylic eyandisiweyo: Olu hlobo lwelaphu le-acrylic luqulethe inani elikhulu le-acrylonitrile monomer, elenza ukuba lixhathise ngakumbi umonakalo ovela kubushushu kunye neekhemikhali.

Ziziphi iiNzuzo zeFabric Acrylic?

Indwangu ye-Acrylic inenani leenzuzo ezenza ukuba kube yinto ekhethiweyo kwishishini le-textile. Ezinye zeenzuzo eziphawulekayo zelaphu le-acrylic ziquka:

• Ukufikeleleka: Ilaphu le-Akriliki libiza ixabiso eliphantsi ukuvelisa kuneentsinga zendalo ezifana noboya okanye umqhaphu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kubenzi.
• I-Versatility: Ilaphu le-Acrylic linokuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zemarike.
• Ukuthamba: Ilaphu le-Acrylic linemvakalelo ethambileyo nekhululekileyo yokuba abantu abaninzi bakhetha ngaphezu kwezinye iintsinga zokwenziwa ezifana nenayiloni.
• Ukuqina: Ilaphu le-Acrylic lixhathise kakhulu kumonakalo ovela kubushushu kunye neekhemikhali, okwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimveliso eziza kubonakaliswa kwezi zinto.
• Ukunyamekela ngokulula: Ilaphu le-Acrylic linokuhlanjwa ngomatshini kwaye lomiswe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukukhetha abantu abangenalo ixesha lokuhlamba izandla okanye ukucoca okomileyo.

Yintoni omele uyazi malunga ne-Acrylic Fabric?

Ukuba ucinga ukusebenzisa ilaphu le-acrylic kwiprojekthi okanye imveliso, kukho izinto ezimbalwa omele uzigcine engqondweni:

• Ilaphu le-Acrylic lingonakaliswa yintsimbi eshushu okanye isomisi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yokunyamekela ngononophelo.
• Ilaphu le-Acrylic lingenakuphefumla njengemicu yendalo efana nekotoni okanye uboya, obunokwenza kube lula ukugqoka kwimozulu eshushu.
• Abanye abantu banokubona umahluko omncinci kwimvakalelo yelaphu le-acrylic xa kuthelekiswa nemicu yendalo, kodwa oku ubukhulu becala ngumbandela woluvo lomntu.
• Ilaphu le-Acrylic lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-textile kwaye linokufumaneka kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwi-decor yasekhaya.
• Ilaphu le-Acrylic liyinto ekhethekileyo kunye nefikelelekayo enika uluhlu lweenzuzo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kubenzi kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.

Ukusuka kwiPetroleum ukuya kwiFabric: Inkqubo enomdla yokwenza i-Acrylic Fiber

I-Acrylic fiber isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Isinxibo: Amalaphu eAkriliki adla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iijezi, iikawusi, nezinye iimpahla zemozulu ebandayo ngenxa yokufudumala nokuqina kwazo.
• Impahla yasekhaya: Amalaphu e-Akriliki asetyenziselwa ukwenza iingubo, i-upholstery, kunye nezinye izinto zendlu ngenxa yokuchasana nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokucima.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso: Iifiber ze-Acrylic zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zokucoca, ukugquma, kunye nempahla yokukhusela.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke unayo, i-ins kunye nokuphuma kwe-acrylic. Yimpahla enkulu yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto, ukusuka kwimizobo ukuya kwimpahla ukuya kwifanitshala, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nayo. 

Ngoko qhubeka kwaye uzame!

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.