I-Benzene i-chemical compound kunye ne-formula C6H6. Lulwelo olungenambala nevumba elimnandi eliphuma ngokukhawuleza xa livezwe emoyeni. Ikwafumaneka nakwi-oyile ekrwada, kwipetroli nakwezinye iimveliso zepetroleum.
Yeyona hydrocarbon elula enevumba elimnandi kunye neyona khompawundi ilula ephilayo enesakhiwo seringi. Kwakhona kuthathwa njenge-halogenated hydrocarbon kuba iqulethe i-athomu enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-halogen. Ukongeza, yaziwa ngokuba yi-benzol okanye i-benzene alcohol.
Makhe sihlolisise yonke into eyenza le khemikhali yodwa.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Yintoni kanye kanye iBenzene?
I-Benzene lulwelo olungenambala, olutyheli olukhanyayo okanye olubomvu olunevumba nomphunga owahlukileyo. I-organic chemical compound kunye ne-molecular formula C₆H₆, eyenziwe ngee-athomu zekhabhoni ezintandathu ezidityaniswe kwindandatho yeplani kunye ne-athomu enye ye-hydrogen edityaniswe nganye. Ngenxa yokuba iqulethe kuphela i-athomu ye-carbon kunye ne-hydrogen, i-benzene ihlelwa njenge-hydrocarbon. Ngoyena mzali ulula nosisiseko weekhompawundi ezinevumba elimnandi kwaye udla ngokufumaneka kwi-oyile ekrwada, kwipetroli, nakwezinye iikhemikhali zepetroli.
Isetyenziswa njani iBenzene?
I-Benzene yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo yoshishino esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe zokwenziwa irabha, iziyobisi, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge isolvent ukukhupha ezinye iikhemikhali kunye nezinto. Kutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-benzene kuncitshiswe kakhulu ngenxa yendalo eyityhefu kunye ne-carcinogenic.
Ziziphi iingozi zeBenzene?
I-Benzene yinto enetyhefu kunye ne-carcinogenic enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Iyaziwa ngokubangela umhlaza ebantwini kwaye ingunobangela omkhulu weleukemia. Ukuvezwa kwe-Benzene kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifana ne-anemia, umonakalo kwi-immune system, kunye neengxaki zokuzala.
Ifumaneka phi iBenzene?
- I-Benzene yinxalenye yendalo yeoli ekrwada kwaye ifumaneka kwipetroli, kumafutha edizili, kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum.
- Isenokwenziwa nangeenkqubo zendalo ezifana nokugqabhuka kwentaba-mlilo kunye nomlilo wamahlathi.
- I-Benzene ikhona kumsi wecuba, eyona nto ibangela ukuba abantu abatshayayo babe sesichengeni.
Imithombo yoShishino kunye neSynthetic yeBenzene
- I-Benzene isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanya iiplastiki, iintsinga zokwenziwa, irabha, izinto zokuthambisa, idayi, izicoci, iziyobisi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane.
- Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa inayiloni kunye nezinye iintsinga zokwenziwa.
- I-Benzene isetyenziselwa ukugcina nokuthutha ioli ekrwada kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum.
- Iindawo zoshishino kunye nezikhululo zerhasi zinokungcoliswa yibenzene ngenxa yokuvuza kwamatanki angaphantsi komhlaba.
- Iindawo zenkunkuma kunye neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma zinokuqulatha inkunkuma eyingozi enebenzene.
Ubukho beBenzene emoyeni nasemanzini
- I-Benzene lulwelo olungenambala, olumthubi olukhaphukhaphu olunevumba elimnandi elikhawulezayo ukuba ngumphunga liye emoyeni.
- Inokunyibilika emanzini kwaye izike ukuya ezantsi okanye idande phezu komhlaba.
- I-Benzene inokukhutshwa emoyeni kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum.
- Inokufunyanwa emoyeni kufuphi neendawo zenkunkuma kunye neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
- I-Benzene inokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi okusela kufutshane neendawo zoshishino kunye neendawo zenkunkuma.
Iimvavanyo zoNyango zeBenzene Exposure
- Iingcali zonyango zinokwenza iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba umntu ukhe wachanabeka kakhulu kwi-benzene.
- Uvavanyo lokuphefumula lunokwenziwa kamsinya nje emva kokuba sesichengeni sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo amanqanaba ebenzene.
- I-Metabolites ye-benzene inokubonwa kwiimvavanyo zomchamo, ebonisa ukuba sesichengeni kwikhemikhali.
- Iimpawu zokuchanabeka kakhulu kwi-benzene zinokubandakanya ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye okungaqhelekanga, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokubhideka.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wadibana ne-benzene, qhagamshelana nogqirha okanye indawo yonyango ngoko nangoko.
Amanyathelo oThintelo lweBenzene Exposure
- Ukuthintela ukugqithisa kakhulu kwi-benzene, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nasekhaya.
- Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiindawo zoshishino apho kukho ibenzene.
- Ipetroli kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uye wachanabeka kakhulu kwi-benzene, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuze uqonde ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lakho lokuvezwa.
Ukuphonononga ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kweBenzene
I-Benzene iyikhompawundi yeekhemikhali eziguquguqukayo kakhulu ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ezinye zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yebenzene ziquka:
- Ukuveliswa kweentsinga zokwenziwa: I-Benzene isetyenziswa ekwenzeni inayiloni kunye nezinye iintsinga zokwenziwa.
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokuthambisa kunye neerubha: I-Benzene isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto zokuthambisa kunye neerubha.
- Ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokucoca kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane: I-Benzene isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto zokucoca kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
- Ukuveliswa kweeplastiki kunye neentlaka: I-Benzene isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweeplastiki kunye neerasi.
- Uphando kunye nophuhliso: I-Benzene isetyenziswe njengekhompawundi ephakathi kuphando kunye nophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezintsha kunye nezixhobo.
Iingozi zeBenzene Exposure
Ngelixa i-benzene iyikhompawundi ebalulekileyo yeekhemikhali, ikwanxulunyaniswa nenani leengozi zempilo. Ukuvezwa kwi-benzene kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya:
- Ukucaphuka komlomo nomqala
- Isiyezi kunye neentloko
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Ukuba sesichengeni sexesha elide kwi-benzene kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nokwanda komngcipheko womhlaza.
Ukufunda ngakumbi ngeBenzene
Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngebenzene, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza:
- Thatha ikhosi yekhemistri: Ukufunda malunga ne-benzene kunye nezinye iikhompawundi zekhemikhali yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhosi yekhemistri.
- Qhagamshelana nengcali: Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-benzene, ungabonisana nengcali kwintsimi.
- Thatha isikhokelo: Kukho izikhokelo ezininzi ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga ne-benzene kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke, ibenzene yikhemikhali enefomula ethi C6H6 kwaye ifumaneka kwioli ekrwada nakwipetroli. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsinga zokwenziwa, izithambiso, kunye neziyobisi, kodwa ikwayi-carcinogen.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ubungozi bebenzene kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela ekutyhilekeni. Ke, ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo kwaye ufumane iinyani. Ungayenza!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
