Umbala: IsiKhokelo esiBanzi kwiiMpahla zoMzimba kunye nokunye

Umbala (isiNgesi saseMelika) okanye umbala (isiNgesi saseBritani) (bona umahluko wopelo) yipropathi ebonwayo ehambelana nabantu kwiindidi ezibizwa ngokuba bomvu, bhlowu, tyheli, kunye nezinye. Umbala uvela kwi-spectrum yokukhanya (ukusasazwa kwamandla okukhanya ngokuchasene ne-wavelength) ehambelana neso kunye ne-spectral sensitivities ze-receptors zokukhanya.

Umbala ukuyo yonke indawo, ukusuka kwiimpahla esizinxibayo ukuya kwiindonga esizipeyintayo. Yimvakalelo yokubona ebangelwa kukubonakala okanye ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Iliso lomntu linokwahlula phakathi kwezigidi zemibala.

Ukuphonononga iiPropati zoMzimba zoMba

Xa sithetha ngeempawu ezibonakalayo zenkqunto, sibhekisa kwiimpawu ezinokujongwa okanye ukulinganiswa ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubuni bento. Ezi propati ziquka:

• Uxinaniso: Ubungakanani bobunzima ngeyunithi yomthamo wento
• Melting and boiling points: Iqondo lokunyibilika kunye nokubilisa: iqondo lobushushu apho into iguqukayo ukusuka kokuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo okanye ulwelo ukuya kwirhasi.
• Umbala: Luphawu oluqaphelekayo lwenkqunto olubonakaliswa yinto
• Ukuqina: Ukuqina kwesixhobo sokukrweleka okanye ukukrazuka
• I-Conductivity: ukukwazi kwento ukwenza umsinga wombane
• Impedance: umlinganiselo wokuchasa ukuhamba kombane

IiPropati zePhysical vs. Chemical

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimpawu ezibonakalayo zahlukile kwiimpawu zekhemikhali. Ngelixa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zinokujongwa okanye zilinganiswe ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubuni bento, iimpawu zemichiza zichaza indlela into edibana ngayo nezinye izinto ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Eminye imizekelo yeempawu zekhemikhali ibandakanya:

• Ukusebenza kwakhona: Ukukwazi ukwenza into ethile xa idibene nezinye izinto ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha
• Ukuvutha: Ukukwazi ukutshisa into xa kukho ioksijini
• Corrosiveness: Ukonakala: ukukwazi kwento ukubola okanye ukunyibilikisa ezinye izinto

Imibala yokuqala: Iibhloko zoKwakha zoMbala

Xa uthetha ngombala, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yimibala ephambili. Le yimibala esisiseko engenakwenziwa ngokuxuba eminye imibala. Imibala emithathu ephambili ibomvu, ibhlowu, kunye netyheli. Le mibala ithathwa njengeebhloko zokwakha umbala ngenxa yokuba zinokudibaniswa ukudala yonke eminye imibala.

Indlela Yokuxuba Imibala Ephambili

Ukudibanisa imibala ephambili kubalulekile ekudaleni uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala. Xa udibanisa imibala emibini ephambili, ufumana umbala wesibini. Umzekelo, xa udibanisa obomvu kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ufumana imfusa. Xa udibanisa blue and yellow, ufumana eluhlaza. Xa udibanisa obomvu kunye notyheli, ufumana orenji. Ukudibanisa yomithathu imibala ephambili kunye kukhokelela kumnyama.

Indima yoMhlophe kwiMibala ePrayimari

Umhlophe awuthathwa njengombala ophambili, kodwa yinto ebalulekileyo ekudaleni imibala eyahlukeneyo yemibala. Ukongeza umhlophe kumbala kuya kubangela umthunzi olula, ngelixa ukongeza umnyama kuya kubangela umthunzi omnyama. Oku kwaziwa njenge-tinting kunye ne-shading.

Ukugqwesa ubuGcisa bokuxuba imibala

Ukuxuba imibala sisakhono esiyimfuneko kunoma yimuphi umzobi okanye umyili. Ifuna ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokulinga ukufumana ukuqonda okuqinileyo kwenkqubo. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule xa uqala:

• Obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye notyheli yimibala ephambili.
• Yonke eminye imibala yenziwa ngokuxuba imibala ephambili kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
• Ukudibanisa nayiphi na imibala kunye akusayi kudala umbala wokuqala.
• Imibala yesibini yenziwa xa udibanisa imibala emibini ephambili-orenji, eluhlaza kunye nomfusa.

Izixhobo kunye neendlela

Ukuqala ukuxuba imibala, uya kufuna izixhobo ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo kunye nobuchule:

• Isethi yepeyinti ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nemibala ephambili kunye neyesibini.
• Ipeyinti emhlophe kunye emnyama ukuze ikhanyise okanye ibe mnyama imibala.
• Iphalethi yokuxuba imibala.
• Ibrashi okanye imela yephalethi yokuxuba imibala.
• Iqhekeza lephepha okanye iseyile yokuvavanya imixube yakho kuyo.

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Nazi ezinye iindlela zokukunceda udibanise imibala ngokufanelekileyo:

• Qala ngexabiso elincinci lepeyinti kwaye wongeze ngakumbi njengoko kufuneka.
• Yongeza imibala kumgca ukwenza isikali setoni.
• Xuba imibala epholileyo nefudumeleyo ukwenza ubunzulu kunye nokwahlukileyo.
• Sebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala ukwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwee-shades.
• Zama ngemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yemibala ukwenza imixube eyahlukeneyo.

Ukudlala ngemibala

Ukuxuba imibala kunokuba ngumsebenzi omnandi kunye nobuchule. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda uqalise:

• Chitha ixesha elininzi ulinga kwaye uzama imixube eyahlukeneyo.
• Musa ukoyika ukongeza umbala owongezelelweyo okanye ezimbini kumxube.
• Gcina ukhumbule ukuba imibala ethile idinga amandla amaninzi okuxuba kunabanye.
• Qinisekisa ukuba udibanisa imibala kakuhle ukuphepha imivimbo okanye iipatches ezingafunekiyo.
• Sebenzisa imibala ehambelanayo ukwenza umahluko oqinileyo.
• Imibala efudumeleyo ithande ukuqhubela phambili, ngelixa imibala epholileyo ithande ukuhla.
• Sebenzisa iithowuni zomhlaba ukwenza inkangeleko yendalo ngakumbi.

Imibala ehambelanayo

Ukudibanisa imibala kunokuba yinto ekhohlisayo, kodwa bubuchule obubalulekileyo ukuba nabo. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda utshatise imibala:

• Qala ngokuzoba isikwere sombala ofuna ukuwuthelekisa.
• Xuba izithunzi ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zombala ofuna ukuwufanisa.
• Zama ngokukhanyisa okanye ukwenza mnyama umbala ukuze ufumane umthunzi ofanelekileyo.
• Sebenzisa i-gouache okanye i-watercolor ukwenza umbala ogcweleyo.
• Yongeza iileya zepeyinti ukwenza ubunzulu kunye nokuchasana.
• Sebenzisa umbala ohambelanayo ukuqaqambisa umbala ofuna ukuwuthelekisa.

Ukwenza uMxube oQhelekileyo

Ukudala umxube ogqibeleleyo kufuna umonde kunye nokusebenza. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda wenze umxube ogqibeleleyo:

• Qala ngokuqonda okuqinileyo kwevili lombala kunye nethiyori yombala.
• Zama ngemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yemibala ukuze ufumane umxube ochanekileyo.
• Sebenzisa isikali setoni ukukunceda ubone izithunzi ezahlukeneyo zomxube.
• Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukongeza umhlophe okanye umnyama uya kutshintsha i-hue yomxube.
• Sebenzisa imibala efanayo ukwenza umxube ohambelanayo.
• Nciphisa ubungakanani bepeyinti oyisebenzisayo ukwenza umxube ochubekileyo.
• Ukugcina irekhodi yemixube yakho kunokukunceda ukuba uyidale kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.

Imibala kunye neempembelelo zabo kwiiMoods zethu

Imibala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ziphembelela indlela esivakalelwa ngayo, indlela esicinga ngayo kunye nendlela esiziphatha ngayo. Imibala inokudala isimo sengqondo esithile, ikhuphe imvakalelo ethile, kwaye ide ichaphazele impilo yethu yomzimba. Kweli candelo, siza kujonga ngakumbi ukuba imibala inokuchaphazela njani iimvakalelo zethu kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuyiqwalasela xa uyila okanye uhombisa.

Imibala kunye neentsingiselo zayo

Imibala yamkelwa ngokubanzi njengeneentsingiselo ezithile kunye nonxulumano. Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• Ubomvu: Lo mbala udla ngokunxulunyaniswa nothando, nochulumanco. Isenokubonwa njengendlongondlongo okanye ibukhali.
• Blue: Bulu ngumbala opholileyo odla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuzola, ukuzola, nokuzinza. Kwakhona kunokubonwa njengento edabukisayo okanye i-melancholic.
• Luhlaza: Lo mbala udla ngokunxulunyaniswa nendalo, ukukhula nokuvisisana. Kwakhona kunokubonwa njengomona okanye umona.
• Mthubi: Umthubi ngumbala ofudumeleyo odla ngokunxulunyaniswa nolonwabo, ukuba nethemba kunye namandla. Kwakhona kunokubonwa njengesilumkiso okanye ubugwala.
• Purple: Lo mbala uhlala unxulunyaniswa nobukhosi, ubunewunewu kunye nobuchule. Isenokubonwa njengento engaqondakaliyo okanye engokomoya.
• Mnyama: Umnyama uhlala enxulunyaniswa nobumnyama, imfihlakalo, kunye nobugocigoci. Kwakhona kunokubonwa njengento embi okanye edakumba.
• Mhlophe: Umhlophe udla ngokunxulunyaniswa nobunyulu, ubumsulwa, kunye nokulula. Isenokubonwa ngokubanda okanye inyumba.

Imibala kunye nezinto ozikhethayo

Wonke umntu unokhetho lwakhe xa kuziwa kwimibala. Abanye abantu bakhetha imibala efudumeleyo, eqaqambileyo, ngelixa abanye bekhetha iithoni ezipholileyo, ezithulile. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Ukhetho lobuqu lwemibala lunokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka inkcubeko, indlela akhuliswe ngayo, namava obuqu.
• Eminye imibala isenokuthandwa ngakumbi okanye ibe sefashonini ngamaxesha athile, kodwa ukhetho lobuqu lunokwahluka kakhulu.
• Kubalulekile ukukhetha imibala oyonwabelayo wena kwaye uzive ukhululekile kuyo, kunokuba ulandele iintsingiselo zamva nje okanye iifashoni.

Imibala kunye noYilo

Imibala idlala indima enamandla kuyilo, nokuba kuyilo lwegraphic, ifashoni, okanye uyilo lwangaphakathi. Nazi izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Imibala ingasetyenziselwa ukudala umoya othile okanye umoya kuyilo.
• Ukudibanisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunokudala imiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwaye ikhuphe iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo.
• Imibala ingasetyenziselwa ukugqamisa izinto ezithile zoyilo okanye ukwenza umahluko.
• Xa ukhetha imibala yoyilo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umyalezo wonke okanye imvakalelo ofuna ukuyidlulisela.

Imibala kunye neeNgcebiso zeNgcali

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi imibala ongayikhetha kwiprojekthi ethile okanye uyilo oluthile, kunokuba luncedo ukucela ingcebiso kwingcali. Nanga amanye amacebiso:

• Abaqulunqi kunye neengcali zemibala banokunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo apho imibala isebenzisana kakuhle kunye nokuba yeyiphi emele iphephe.
• Banokukunceda ukuba ukhethe imibala efanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ojoliswe kubo okanye i-demographic.
• Imizekelo yombala wemibala kunye nokudibanisa kunokuba luncedo ekuboneni indlela imibala eyahlukileyo iya kusebenza ngayo kunye.

Ukukhetha uMbala wePeyinti oPheleleyo: Indlela yeMethodical

Inyathelo 1: Qwalasela iMood ofuna ukuyifeza

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhangela iipeyinti zepeyinti, cinga malunga nomoya ofuna ukuwenza kwigumbi. Ngaba ufuna ukuba uzive upholile kwaye ushushu okanye uqaqambile kwaye unomoya? Khumbula ukuba imibala eyahlukeneyo inokukhupha iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko gcina loo nto engqondweni xa usenza isigqibo sakho.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Vavanya ipeyinti ekukhanyeni kwendalo

Nje ukuba ube nemibala embalwa engqondweni, lixesha lokuyivavanya. Sukuthembela kwiitshiphusi zepeyinti ezincinci ezisevenkileni – zinokukhangeleka zahluke kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwekhaya lakho. Endaweni yoko, chola ezimbalwa isampula iimbiza kunye nokupeyinta iitshatshi ezinkulu edongeni. Vumela ipeyinti yome ngokupheleleyo kwaye ujonge imibala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini ukuze ubone indlela ekhangeleka ngayo ekukhanyeni kwendalo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Qwalasela ukuGqibela okanye iSheen

Ukugqitywa okanye ukugqama kwepeyinti nako kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimbonakalo epheleleyo yegumbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukugqitywa okune okwahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo: i-flat, i-eggshell, i-satin, kunye ne-semi-gloss. Isiphelo ngasinye sibonelela ngeziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwaye sigubungela iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngcono kunezinye. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukuphakama kwe-sheen, ngakumbi ukukhazimula kunye nokubonakalisa ipeyinti iya kuba.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Khetha umbala oPrayimari kwaye Yongeza uthelekiso kancinane

Ukuba unengxaki yokuthatha isigqibo ngombala, qala ngombala wokuqala kwaye wongeze umahluko kancinane. Umzekelo, ukuba uthanda uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cinga ukongeza umthunzi oshushu kancinci weblue kumxube. Oku kuya kuzisa ukuhambelana kwigumbi ngelixa kukuvumela ukuba udlale ngee-shades ezahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Gcina isitayile seKhaya lakho engqondweni

Nangona kubalulekile ukukhetha umbala owuthandayo, kukwabalulekile ukugcina isitayile sekhaya lakho engqondweni. Ukuba unekhaya langoku kakhulu, umbala oqaqambileyo kunye nesibindi unokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unekhaya eliqhelekileyo, umbala othulileyo ngakumbi unokuba ufanelekile.

Inyathelo lesi-6: Musa ukoyika ukutshintsha izinto

Ukuba uziva ubambekile okanye awuqinisekanga ngombala, musa ukoyika ukutshintsha izinto. Zama umthunzi owahlukileyo okanye ugqibezele ukubona ukuba isebenza ngcono na. Khumbula ukuba ipeyinti yindlela elula kwaye engabizi kakhulu yokuguqula igumbi, ngoko musa ukoyika ukudlala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo lesi-7: Coca kwaye uGqe iNdawo

Emva kokuba wenze isigqibo ngombala, lixesha lokucoca kunye nokumisa indawo. Oku kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiphetho icocekile kwaye ipeyinti igubungela yonke indawo ngokulinganayo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga kumandla akho okuphatha eli nyathelo, cinga ngokuqesha umzobi oqeqeshiweyo ukuba abe ngumkhokeli.

Inyathelo lesi-8: Nikeza ukuHamba okuMnandi phakathi kweNdawo zeGumbi

Ekugqibeleni, qiniseka ukuba umbala owukhethayo unikezela ukuhamba kakuhle phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zegumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umbala kufuneka ungaguquguquki kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ungagxininisi kakhulu xa usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye. Uluhlu lweepeyinti zepeyinti lunokuba luncedo ekufezekiseni oku kuhambelana.

isiphelo

Ke, umbala yindibaniselwano yamaza okukhanya avela kwizinto. Umbala uyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu, ukusuka kwipeyinti ukuya kwimpahla ukuya kwimizobo. Yinto esiyonwabelayo nesiyixabisayo, kwaye ngoku uyazi ngakumbi ngayo. Ke phuma ujonge ilizwe lemibala!

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.