Ikhonkrithi: Isikhokelo esiBanzi kwiMbali, iintlobo, kunye neMveliso

Ikhonkrithi yimathiriyeli eyintlanganisela ebunjwe ikakhulu ngamanzi, iaggregate, kunye nesamente. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izongezo kunye nokuqiniswa (ezifana ne-rebar) zibandakanyiwe kumxube ukufezekisa iipropati ezifunwayo ezibonakalayo zezinto ezigqityiweyo. Xa ezi zithako zidityanisiwe, zenza ulwelo olubunjwa lula.

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kugubungela imbali yekhonkrithi, ukwakheka, kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ikhonkrithi: Into engakholelekiyo ebumba ihlabathi lethu

Ikhonkrithi yimathiriyeli edityanisiweyo eyenziwe ngeaggregate ecolekileyo nerhabaxa edityaniswe kunye nesamente yolwelo ethi ibe lukhuni ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yenziwa ngokuxuba amanzi, isamente, kunye neeaggregates ezifana nesanti, igrabile, okanye ilitye elityumkileyo. Umgangatho wekhonkrithi uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, inkqubo yokuxuba, kunye nefomula enikezelweyo.

Iveliswa Njani Ikhonkrithi?

Ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokwakha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuthembeka. Iveliswa ngokuxuba izixa ezithile zesamente, amanzi, kunye neeaggregates kumzi-mveliso okanye kwisiza. Inkqubo yokuvelisa idinga ulawulo oluqinileyo kumacandelo kunye nenkqubo yokuxuba ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ofunekayo kunye namandla emveliso yokugqibela.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeConcrete?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zekhonkrithi ezikhoyo, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zekhonkrithi ziquka:

• Ikhonkrithi yangaphambili: Olu hlobo lwekhonkrithi luveliswa kumzi-mveliso kwaye luhanjiswe kwindawo yokwakha ngeeyunithi okanye iimilo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwi-masonry kunye nezakhiwo ze-precast.

• Ikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwekhonkrithi esetyenziswa kulwakhiwo. Yenziwa ngokuxuba isamente, amanzi, kunye nee-aggregates kwisiza.

• Ikhonkrithi yolwelo: Olu hlobo lwekhonkrithi lunokuhamba okuphezulu kwaye lunokuxutywa ngokulula kwaye lugalelwe kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho.

Zeziphi izithako ezifunekayo kwiConcrete?

Izithako ezisisiseko ezifunekayo ekuveliseni ikhonkrithi ziquka:

• Isamente: I-arhente ebophelelayo ebamba umxube kunye.

• Amanzi: Ulwelo oluvula isamente luze luqalise ukusabela kwemichiza.

• I-fine and coarse aggregates: Izinto ezibonelela ngobunzima kunye namandla kumxube.

• I-Admixtures: Kuyimfuneko ekuphuculeni umgangatho wekhonkrithi edibeneyo.

Isetyenziswa njani ikhonkrithi kulwakhiwo?

Ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zokwakha, kubandakanywa:

• Iibhulorho: Ikhonkrithi iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwakha iibhulorho ngenxa yokomelela kunye nokuqina kwayo.

• Izakhiwo: Ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi.

• Iipavumente: Ikhonkrithi isetyenziselwa ukudala iindlela eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide zeendlela, iindlela zokuhamba, kunye neendawo zokupaka.

• Izakhiwo ezenziweyo: Ikhonkrithi isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezenziweyo ezinjengamadama kunye neendonga zokugcina.

Ukuvela kweConcrete: Ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuya kumhla wanamhlanje

• Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkqubo yokwenza ikhonkrithi yaqala ukutshintsha, kunye nezithako ezintsha kunye noyilo olukhethekileyo lubandakanyiwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
• Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uJoseph Aspdin wenza isamente yasePortland, eyathiywa ngegama lamatye okwakha akumgangatho ophezulu agrunjwa ePortland, eNgilani.
• Le samente yaveliswa ngokutshiswa itshokhwe egayiweyo kunye nodongwe de kususwe ikharbon diokside.
• Izinto ezifunyenweyo zaye zagutywa zibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kwaye zixutywe namanzi ukwenza intlama enokuthi isetyenziswe ukwakha izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo.
• Namhlanje, ikhonkrithi iqhele ukwenziwa ngokudibanisa izinto ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo, ezinje ngegrabile nesanti, ngesamente namanzi.
• Umxube othile wezithako ezisetyenzisiweyo kuxhomekeke kumandla afunwayo kunye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi.

Ukubaluleka kweConcrete kuLwakhiwo lwale mihla

• Ikhonkrithi yinto ebalulekileyo yokwakha kulwakhiwo lwangoku, esetyenziselwa ukwakha yonke into ukusuka kwizakhiwo ezincinci ukuya kwizakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana neebhulorho namadama.
• Ukukwazi kwayo ukubunjwa kwimilo ethile kunye nokuxhathisa imozulu kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo kwenza ukuba kube yinto ethandwayo yokhetho kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.
• Ukongezelela, ikhonkrithi iyakwazi ukuseta kwaye yenze lukhuni nakumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yinto eguquguqukayo enokusetyenziswa kwiimozulu ezahlukahlukeneyo.
• Ikhono lokulawula ixesha lokumisela ikhonkrithi likwabalulekile, njengoko livumela abakhi ukuba basebenze kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwaye babeke kwindawo efunwayo ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuqina.
• Amanzi angaphezulu anokususwa kwikhonkrithi ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokumisela, okanye izongezo ezikhethekileyo zingabandakanywa ukucotha.
• Ukomelela kwekhonkrithi kukwayinto ebalulekileyo, eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zekhonkrithi ezinikezela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla kunye nokuqina.
• Ngokubanzi, ikhonkrithi ihambe indlela ende ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo yamandulo, kwaye ihlala iyinto ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwangoku.

Ukukhetha uMxube oLungileyo weConcrete kwiProjekthi yakho

Xa kuziwa kwikhonkrithi, uyilo lomxube lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yokwakha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomxube wekhonkrithi okhoyo, nganye ilungiselelwe ukunika iimpawu zokusebenza ezizodwa. Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu:

• Umxube weConcrete eqhelekileyo: Lo ngumxube oqhelekileyo wekhonkrithi osetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha. Iquka umxube wemidibaniso ecolekileyo nerhabaxa, isamente namanzi. Injongo kukudala into eyomeleleyo, ehlala ixesha elide ekwazi ukuxhathisa imithwalo enzima kwaye imelane nezinto.

• Umxube we-Concrete oKhanyayo: Olu hlobo lomxube lubandakanya i-aggregates elula, njenge-shale eyandisiweyo okanye udongwe, ukudala izinto ezilula kakhulu kunekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo. Ilungele izakhiwo apho ubunzima buxhalabisayo, njengoko kunciphisa umthwalo kwisiseko kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha.

• I-Heavy Concrete Mix: Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum, umxube onzima wekhonkrithi uquka i-dense aggregates, njengentsimbi okanye isinyithi, ukudala izinto ezinzima kakhulu kunekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezifuna umgangatho ophezulu wokuqina kunye nokumelana neempembelelo.

• I-Bonded Concrete Mix: Olu hlobo lomxube lubandakanya izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-agent edibeneyo okanye i-fibers yensimbi, ukudala izinto ezichasayo kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kunye nezinye iindlela zomonakalo. Ilungele izicelo apho ikhonkrithi iya kuba phantsi kwemithwalo enzima okanye uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo.

• I-Plain Concrete Mix: Olu luhlobo olusisiseko lomxube wekhonkrithi oquka kuphela izithako eziyimfuneko, ezifana nesamente, amanzi, kunye nee-aggregates. Iqhele ukusetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezincinci, ezinjengeebhloko okanye amacandelo eprojekthi enkulu yokwakha.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha uMxube weConcrete

Ukukhetha umxube ochanekileyo wekhonkrithi kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi kunye neempawu zokusebenza kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxuba ezikhoyo. Nazi izinto ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:

• Injongo yeprojekthi: Yintoni eyona njongo yekhonkrithi? Ngaba yenzelwe ukuba ibe yimpahla ethwala umthwalo, okanye ngaba iyindawo nje egudileyo yomgangatho okanye eludongeni?

• Uhlobo lolwakhiwo: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha zifuna iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomxube wekhonkrithi. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo esiphakamileyo siya kufuna umxube ohlukileyo kunendlu yomgangatho omnye.

• Ubunzima bekhonkrithi: Ikhonkrithi etyebileyo iya kufuna umxube owahlukileyo kunekhonkrithi encinci, njengoko ifuna ukukwazi ukuxhasa ubunzima obuninzi.

• Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Uhlobo lwee-aggregates kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuxuba ziya kuchaphazela iimpawu zokugqibela zekhonkrithi. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa imicu yetsimbi kuya kwenza ikhonkrithi ixhathise ukuqhekeka.

• Inkqubo yonikezelo kunye nemveliso: Ezinye iintlobo zomxube wekhonkrithi zilula ukuvelisa nokuhambisa kunezinye. Imixube yokumisa ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, ingaba yindawo efanelekileyo yokuxuba okusemgangathweni ukuba ixesha liyinkxalabo.

IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisa uMxube oLungileyo weConcrete

Ukusebenzisa umxube ochanekileyo wekhonkrithi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi. Nazi ezinye iingenelo zokusebenzisa umxube ochanekileyo:

• Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo: Umxube ochanekileyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkrithi inamandla ayimfuneko, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nomonakalo ukwenza kakuhle kwisicelo esijoliswe kuyo.

• Ukugqitywa okugudileyo: Ezinye iintlobo zomxube, ezifana nekhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu, zinokwenza ukugqibezela okugudileyo okulungele usetyenziso oluthile.

• Ubomi obude: Ukusebenzisa umxube ochanekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkrithi ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci ngexesha.

• Ukwandiswa kokhuseleko: Umxube wekhonkrithi okumgangatho ophezulu uya kuba lula ukusilela okanye ukuqhekeka, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi okanye ukulimala.

• Uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zobugcisa: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomxube wekhonkrithi ezikhoyo zivumela uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zobugcisa, ezifana nokuhamba, amandla oxinzelelo, kunye nomxholo wamanzi, ukuba afakwe ngokweemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.

ISayensi eNgemva koMxube: Ukuqonda ukubunjwa kweConcrete

Ikhonkrithi yinto edibeneyo equlethwe kwizinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo kumlinganiselo othile. Amalungu asisiseko ekhonkrithi ngala:

• Isamente: Into ebophelelayo ebamba umxube kunye. Senziwe ngelitye lekalika, udongwe nezinye izinto ezisilwa zibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo.
• Amanzi: Lulwelo oluvula isamente luze luyenze lukhuni.
• Aggregates: Izinto ezenza isambuku somxube. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngamasuntswana acolekileyo narhabaxa anjengesanti, igrabile, ilitye elityumkileyo, kunye nekhonkrithi esetyenzisiweyo.
• I-Admixtures: Iikhemikhali ezongezwa kumxube ukuphucula ukusebenza kwawo okanye ukunciphisa iindleko zayo. Zingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa amandla, ukusebenza, okanye ukuqina kwekhonkrithi.

Inkqubo yokuxuba

Inkqubo yokwenza ikhonkrithi ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi:

• Izixhobo zigcinwa kwimigqomo eyahlukileyo kwaye emva koko zidityaniswe kwisityalo sokuxuba.
• Izithako ezomileyo zidityaniswe kuqala, kwaye emva koko amanzi afakwe ukwenza umxube omanzi.
• Emva koko umxube ufakwa kwiifom kwaye uvumeleke ukuba uqine kwimilo oyifunayo.
• Emva koko ikhonkrithi iyanyangwa, nto leyo ebandakanya ukuyigcina ifumile yaye ikwiqondo lobushushu elithile ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba ibeka kakuhle.

Indima yesamente

I-Cement iyona nxalenye ebiza kakhulu yekhonkrithi, kwaye umgangatho wayo kunye nohlobo lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso yokugqibela. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zesamente, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwayo:

• Isamente yasePortland: Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lusetyenziswayo lwesamente, oluthiywe ngelitye elembiwe kwiSiqithi sasePortland eNgilani. Iqukethe isigaba esinye kwaye yenziwe nge-calcium, i-silicon, i-aluminium, kunye nentsimbi.
• I-samente edibeneyo: Uhlobo lwesamente oludibanisa i-samente yasePortland kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-fly ash okanye i-slag ukunciphisa iindleko zayo okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
• Isamente emhlophe: Uhlobo lwesamente eyenziwe ngezinto ezimhlophe ngokwendalo, njengelitye lekalika, udongwe kunye nesanti. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuhombisa kwaye inomxholo ophantsi wentsimbi kunye ne-manganese kune-samente yasePortland.
• I-samente ephezulu: Uhlobo lwesamente oluye lwaphuhliswa ngeekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neempawu zobugcisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Ukubaluleka kweeAggregates

Ii-aggregates zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekomeleleni nasekuqineni kwekhonkrithi. Ziyakwazi ukuba zihle okanye zibe lukhuni, kwaye ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwazo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iipropati zomxube. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-aggregates ziquka:

• Isanti: Isixhobo esicolekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukuzalisa izithuba phakathi kwamasuntswana amakhulu kunye nokudala indawo egudileyo.
• IGravel: Isixhobo esirhabaxa esisetyenziselwa ukonyusa amandla omxube kunye nokubonelela ngoburhabaxa.
• Ilitye elityumkileyo: Uhlobo lwegrabile eyenziwe ngokutyumza amatye amakhulu abe ziziqwengana ezincinci. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza umxube ofanayo kunye nokwandisa amandla ekhonkrithi.

Ukubaluleka kokuGcina nokuPhathwa ngendlela eyiyo

Umgangatho wekhonkrithi uxhomekeke ekugcinweni okufanelekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwamacandelo ayo. I-samente kunye nee-aggregates kufuneka zigcinwe kwizikhongozelo ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka, kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zidibaniswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxube uyahambelana. Amanzi kufuneka afakwe kwisixa esichanekileyo sokudala umxube omtsha odibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ubeke kwimo efunwayo. Ukugcinwa okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuba umxube wome okanye udale ukuqhekeka okuthe tye, okunokubangela ukuba isakhiwo singaphumeleli.

UMgangatho wokuSebenza

Ikhonkrithi sisixhobo sokwakha esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi esaziwa ngokomelela, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka. Umgangatho wayo wokusebenza uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa umgangatho wamacandelo ayo, umlinganiselo wezithako zayo, kunye nokulawulwa kokulungiswa kwayo. Ngokulungiswa nokuphathwa ngendlela eyiyo, ikhonkrithi inokuba yinto eyomeleleyo kwaye inokuthenjwa kuso nasiphi na isakhiwo okanye iprojekthi yokwakha.

Ukulawulwa komgangatho yinkalo ebalulekileyo yemveliso yekhonkrithi. Iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ulawulo lomgangatho lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo: Ikhonkrithi kufuneka ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yamandla kunye nokuqina.
• Ukuhlola: Ikhonkrithi kufuneka ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iveliswe ngokwenkqubo efunekayo kwaye kusetyenziswa izinto ezichanekileyo.
• Ukugcinwa Okufanelekileyo: Ikhonkrithi kufuneka igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayilahlekelwa amandla okanye ukuqina kwayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kweConcrete

Ikhonkrithi yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo enokusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha kunye nezakhiwo. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yendlela ikhonkrithi edla ngokusetyenziswa ngayo kulwakhiwo:

• Ukwakha iziseko kunye neendonga
• Iibhulorho kunye nohola wendlela
• Iindawo zokupaka kunye neendlela zokuhamba
• Iindlela ezisecaleni kunye neengqameko
• Iikholamu kunye nemiqadi
• Ukugcina iindonga kunye neecingo

Uyilo kunye neAesthetics

Ikhonkrithi ayiyona nje into ephathekayo yokwakha, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iidizayini ezikhethekileyo kunye ezintle. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa ikhonkrithi kwiinjongo zoyilo:

• Imigangatho yekhonkrithi ekhazimlisiweyo yenkangeleko epholileyo kunye neyomhla
• Ikhonkrithi enesitampu ukuze ifane nezinye izinto ezifana nezitena okanye ilitye
• Ikhonkrithi enemibala ukuhambelana neskimu soyilo oluthile
• I-concrete ye-textured yokujonga ngakumbi kwendalo
• Ikhonkrithi ekhaphukhaphu yokufakela lula kunye nokugcinwa kwayo

Ukusebenza kwamandla

Ikhonkrithi ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla ombane kwizakhiwo. Nazi ezinye iindlela enokuthi ikhonkrithi incede ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla:

• I-concrete ye-insulating igcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kweendonga, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kwe-40%
• Ikhonkrithi inokudibaniswa nezinye izinto zokwenza iimvilophu zokwakha eziphezulu ezihambisa ukushisa okuncinci
• Ikhonkrithi ingasetyenziselwa ukugcina ubushushu emini kwaye bukhulule ebusuku ukugcina izakhiwo zishushu

Iziseko ezingundoqo kunye neMiba yeNkonzo

Ikhonkrithi ibalulekile kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo nezinto zenkonzo. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yendlela ikhonkrithi esetyenziswa ngayo kwezi njongo:

• Izityalo zamandla kunye namadama
• Amaziko okucoca amanzi kunye nemibhobho
• Amaziko okucoca ugutyulo kunye nemibhobho
• Iitonela kunye nezakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba
• Izithintelo zesandi kunye neendonga zokugcina

Izicelo ezizodwa

Ikhonkrithi ingasetyenziselwa usetyenziso olukhethekileyo kunye nolunye. Nantsi eminye imizekelo yendlela ikhonkrithi enokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo:

• Ikhonkrithi inokudityaniswa kunye neengcingo ukwenza ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo, eyomeleleyo kakhulu kwaye ifanele ukwakha izakhiwo eziphakamileyo.
• Iimveliso zekhonkrithi zangaphambili zinokulungiswa ngaphandle kwendawo kwaye emva koko zithuthelwe kwindawo yokwakha ukuze kufakwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulawula umgangatho ongcono
• I-coarse aggregate concrete ingasetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezincinci ezifana neeprojekthi ze-DIY ekhitshini okanye egadini
• Ikhonkrithi emnyama ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa imiphumo yongcoliseko lokukhanya kwizixeko

Ukugcinwa kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Ikhonkrithi lukhetho olugqibeleleyo lwezinto zokwakha ezifuna ukulungiswa okuphantsi kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba:

• Ikhonkrithi ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa
• Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomxube wekhonkrithi zingasetyenziselwa ukuhambelana neemfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa
• Ikhonkrithi iyamelana nomlilo, amanzi kunye nomonakalo wemozulu
• Ikhonkrithi inokugqitywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufanisa i-aesthetics efunwayo kunye neempawu zokusebenza
• Ikhonkrithi ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimilo ezininzi kunye neefom, iyenza ibe yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi

Ukusebenza ngokuKhuselekileyo nokuNgcono

Ikhonkrithi yinto ekhuselekileyo kunye nesebenza ngcono kunezixhobo zokwakha zendabuko ezifana nemithi okanye intsimbi. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba:

• Ikhonkrithi ayinakukwazi ukubamba umlilo okanye ukuwa ngexesha leentlekele zendalo
• Ikhonkrithi ayichaphazeleki kakhulu zizinambuzane kunye nokubola
• Ikhonkrithi ixhathisa ngakumbi kumoya kunye nomsebenzi wenyikima
• Ikhonkrithi yi-insulator engcono kunezinye izinto, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko
• Ikhonkrithi yimathiriyeli ezinzileyo kunye nendalo kunezinye izinto zokwakha, nto leyo eyenza kube lukhetho olungcono lwendalo esingqongileyo

Hlala ukhuselekile kwaye ulumke xa usebenza ngeConcrete

Xa usebenza ngekhonkrithi, ukhuseleko kufuneka luhlale luhamba phambili. Iinkampani zokwakha zifanele ziqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi bazo baxhotyiswe kakuhle ngezixhobo zokukhusela eziyimfuneko ukuze baphephe naziphi na iingozi. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqwalasele la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

• Nxiba iiglavu ezikhuselayo kunye neebhutsi ze-wellington ukuphepha ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nekhonkrithi emanzi.
• Kuphephe ukufumana ikhonkrithi eluswini lwakho njengoko kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye nokutshisa.
• Hlamba nayiphi na ikhonkrithi edibana nolusu lwakho ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi kunye nesepha.
• Ukuba ikhonkrithi ingena emehlweni akho, yihlambulule ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango.

Iingxaki zokusiNgqongileyo

Ukuveliswa kwekhonkrithi kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwindalo. Iinkampani kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunciphisa imo yendalo esingqongileyo. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yekhonkrithi:

• Sebenzisa amanzi asetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
• Sebenzisa ezinye izibaso, ezifana ne-biomass, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
• Sebenzisa imathiriyeli efumaneka ekuhlaleni ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezothutho.

Mngcipheko we zeMpilo

Ukusebenza ngekhonkrithi nako kunokubeka ingozi kwimpilo. Ukutyhileka eluthulini nakwezinye izinto eziyingozi kunokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa iingozi zempilo:

• Nxiba imaski ukuphepha ukuphefumla uthuli kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya okanye ukutya kufutshane neendawo zokuvelisa izinto eziphathekayo.
• Ukuba ukuchanabeka kwizinto eziyingozi akunakuphepheka, funa icebiso likagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

isiphelo

Ke unayo, isishwankathelo sekhonkrithi kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje. Yinto ekudala ikho kwaye iya kuhlala ikhona ixesha elide elizayo. 

Awunakukhanyela ukubaluleka kwekhonkrithi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ke qiniseka ukuba uyazi zonke iinyani malunga nayo.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.