I-Desoldering 101: Indlela yokuchithwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeZixhobo eziLungileyo

I-Desoldering yinkqubo yokususa i-solder kwi-joint usebenzisa i-desoldering tool. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-electronics xa icandelo lifuna ukususwa okanye xa i-joint ye-solder ifuna ukulungiswa kwakhona.
Ngumsebenzi onzima kwabaqalayo kodwa ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, unokuba yingcali kuwo.

Kwesi sikhokelo, ndiza kukubonisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ukuze uqalise.

I-Desoldering: Isikhokelo sabaqalayo

I-Desoldering yinkqubo yokususa i-solder engafunekiyo okanye engaphezulu kwibhodi yesiphaluka okanye icandelo lombane. Obu buchule busetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izixhobo zombane. Ibandakanya ukususa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo okanye izikhonkwane kwibhodi yesekethe okanye amanye amaqumrhu esinyithi.

Zeziphi izixhobo kunye nobuChwephesha obufunekayo kwi-Desoldering?

Ukwenza i-desoldering, uya kufuna ezi zixhobo zilandelayo kunye nobuchule:

• Intsimbi echithwayo okanye isinyithi esine-soldering esine-tip desoldering
• Intambo yokuqhafaza okanye impompo yokuchitha
• Ilaphu lokucoca incam yentsimbi
• Ilaphu elomileyo ukucoca ibhodi emva desoldering
• Indawo yokubamba intsimbi xa ingasetyenziswa

Indlela yokuguqula ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo?

I-Desoldering inokuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kwaye ulandele la manyathelo ukuze uqinisekise iziphumo ezilungileyo:

• Khetha isixhobo esichanekileyo sokulahla ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho
• Khangela inani lezikhonkwane kunye nobukhulu becandelo elifuna ukususwa
• Qaphela ukuba ungonakalisi ibhodi okanye inxalenye ngelixa uchitha
• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokutshisa i-solder ukutshisa i-solder ide ibe shushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba inyibilike
• Faka intambo ye-desoldering okanye impompo ukususa i-solder engaphezulu
• Coca incam yentsimbi ngelaphu emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye
• Sebenzisa ilaphu elomileyo ukucoca ibhodi emva kokuba desoldering

Zeziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuHlaziya?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-desoldering:

• I-desoldering ngentsimbi echithwayo okanye i-soldering iron enencam ye-desoldering
• Ukutshatyalaliswa ngempompo echithwayo okanye intambo yokucima

Ukusebenzisa intsimbi yokuchitha okanye a I-iron soldering ngencam yedesoldering yindlela elula nekhuselekileyo, iyenza ilungele abasebenzisi abaqalayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa ipompo ye-desoldering okanye i-wick desoldering yindlela enzima kakhulu efuna ubuchule kunye namava.

Ziziphi iiNgcebiso zokuPhumelela kweDesoldering?

Ukwenza i-desolder ngempumelelo, gcina la macebiso alandelayo engqondweni:

• Yiba nomonde kwaye uthathe ixesha lakho
• Faka isixhobo sokuhlamba kwi-solder imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuba uyisuse
• Qinisekisa ukuba incam yentsimbi icocekile kwaye yomile phambi kokusetyenziswa
• Khetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulahla umsebenzi
• Qaphela ukuba ungonakalisi ibhodi okanye inxalenye ngelixa uchitha

I-Desoldering ingaba ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ubuchule kunye neengcebiso, ingaba yindlela elula nesebenzayo yokususa i-solder engafunekiyo okanye engaphezulu kwibhodi yesiphaluka okanye icandelo lombane.

Kutheni le nto ungafanele woyike ukutshabalalisa izixhobo zakho

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I-Desoldering sisakhono esibalulekileyo kulo naliphi na igqala lokuthengisa. Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuchithwa kwe-desoldering kukusindisa amacandelo angalunganga. Xa icandelo lisilela, lidla ngokuba ngenxa yempazamo kwijoyinti ye-solder. Ngokususa icandelo eliphosakeleyo, unokuhlolisisa i-solder edibeneyo kwaye unqume ukuba ifuna ukuphinda ihlaziywe. Ukuba umdibaniso ulungile, ungasebenzisa kwakhona icandelo kwiiprojekthi ezizayo.

Ukususa icandelo elingalunganga

Esinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo se-desoldering kukususa icandelo elingalunganga. Kulula ukwenza iimpazamo xa uthengisa, ngakumbi xa usebenza kunye neebhodi ezindala ezinamacandelo amaninzi. I-Desoldering ikuvumela ukuba uguqule ezo mpazamo kwaye ususe icandelo elingalunganga ngaphandle kokonakalisa ibhodi.

Ukuphinda Kusetyenziswe Amacandelo Athengisiweyo

I-Desoldering ikuvumela ukuba uphinde usebenzise izinto ezithengiswayo. Ukuba unecandelo ofuna ukulisebenzisa kwiprojekthi eyahlukileyo, ungalichitha kwindawo elikuyo kwaye uphinde ulisebenzise kwenye indawo. Oku kunokongela imali kunye nexesha, njengoko akuyi kufuneka uthenge icandelo elitsha.

Ukuphepha Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo

I-Desoldering ingaba yinkqubo ephazamisayo, kodwa ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, unokuphepha iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda desolder njengepro:

• Sebenzisa intambo ye-desoldering okanye ubhedu olulukiweyo ukunceda ekususeni i-solder.
• Faka i-flux kwi-joint ukunceda i-solder ihambe ngokulula.
• Fudumeza ilungu ngokulinganayo ukuphepha ukonakalisa ibhodi.
• Coca umdibaniso emva kokuchithwa ukuze ususe nayiphi na i-flux eseleyo okanye i-solder.

Ukufumana uBugcisa boBugcisa: Iingcebiso kunye namaqhinga

Xa kufikwa kwi-desoldering, ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile. Nanga amanye amacebiso omawawaqwalasele xa uthenga izixhobo ze-desoldering:

• Khangela isinyithi esichithwayo kunye nesici sokulawula ubushushu. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise ubushushu ngokwecandelo osebenza kulo.
• Cinga ngokuthenga impompo yokuchitha okanye iplunger. Ezi zixhobo zifunxa i-solder etyhidiweyo ngokulula kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
• Iintambo ezichithwayo zikwasisixhobo esikhulu sokuba nesandla. Bafunxa i-solder etyhidiweyo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukususa i-solder engaphezulu kwi-PCB.

Ukulungiselela ukuchithwa

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwenza i-desoldering, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uyenzile ukuzilungiselela:

• Fudumeza intsimbi yakho echithayo kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo.
• Faka i-flux kwicandelo ofuna ukulisusa. Oku kuya kunceda i-solder inyibilike ngokulula.
• Sebenzisa incam yentsimbi kwintsimbi yakho yokuchitha. Iingcebiso zetsimbi ziqhuba ukushisa okungcono kunezinye izinto, okwenza inkqubo yokufudumala isebenze kakuhle.

Iindlela zokudiliza

Xa kufikwa kwi-desoldering, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: ukufudumeza kunye nokususa. Nanga amanye amacebiso ngendlela nganye:

• Ukufudumeza: Faka ubushushu kwindawo yesolder de inyibilike. Emva koko, khawuleza ucofe iqhosha kwimpompo yakho yokuchitha okanye iplunger ukufunxa i-solder etyhidiweyo.
• Ukususa: Gxuma intambo yakho ye-desoldering kwi-flux kwaye uyibeke kwi-solder joint. Fudumeza intambo ngentsimbi yakho echithayo de i-solder inyibilike kwaye ifunxwe ngumsonto.

Izixhobo zoRhwebo: Yintoni oyifunayo kwi-Desoldering

Xa kufikwa kwi-desoldering, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza umsebenzi wenziwe. Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezixhobo zokulahla:

• I-Soldering Iron: Esi sisixhobo esishushu esinyibilikisa i-solder, ekuvumela ukuba ususe icandelo kwibhodi yesekethe. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bencam kunye nokubeka ubushushu ukukhusela umonakalo kwibhodi okanye inxalenye.

• Desoldering Pump: Ikwaziwa njenge solder sucker, esi sixhobo sisebenzisa ukufunxa ukususa i-solder etyhidiweyo ebhodini. Lukhetho oludumileyo lokudala ugqabhuko olufutshane lokufunxa ukususa amanani amancinci e-solder.

• I-Desoldering Wick / Braid: Olu lucingo olulukiweyo olulukiweyo olubekwe kwiidibaniso ezithengiswayo kwaye lufudunyezwe ngentsimbi. Ucingo lufunxa i-solder etyhidiweyo kwaye luyiqinise, luvumela ukuba ilahlwe.

• I-Tweezers: Ezi zizixhobo ezincinci, ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokukunceda ukuba uthabathe kwaye ususe amacandelo ebhodini ngaphandle kokuwonakalisa.

Ezona zixhobo ziDidilishayo ziBalaseleyo kwiiMfuno zakho

Ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokutshabalalisa iimfuno zakho kunokuba nzima, kodwa nantsi imiba ekufuneka uyiqwalasele:

• Umgangatho: Utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu unokwenza inkqubo yokulahla i-desoldering ibe lula kwaye isebenze ngakumbi.

• Uhlobo lwecandelo: Amacandelo ahlukeneyo afuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa, ngoko qwalasela uhlobo lwecandelo osebenza nalo xa ukhetha isixhobo.

• Indawo engaphezulu: Ukuba usebenza nommandla omkhulu, impompo yokulahla okanye ivacuum inokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.

• Ubude beNcingo: Ukuba usebenza ngeengcingo, i-wick ye-desoldering okanye i-braid ingaba yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela umonakalo kwintambo.

Ukubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esichanekileyo sokudiliza

Ukusebenzisa isixhobo esichanekileyo sokuchitha i-desoldering kubalulekile ukukhusela umonakalo kwibhodi okanye inxalenye. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda ukhethe isixhobo esifanelekileyo:

• Qwalasela uhlobo lwecandelo osebenza nalo.

• Cinga ngommandla ongaphezulu osebenza nawo.

• Khetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo kubude bocingo osebenza ngalo.

• Ngalo lonke ixesha landela inkqubo echanekileyo yokuchithwa kwe-desoldering ukukhusela umonakalo kwibhodi okanye inxalenye.

Ukufumana uBugcisa boKuchithwa: Iindlela okufuneka uzazi

Indlela #1: Faka ubushushu

I-Desoldering imalunga nokususa i-solder ekhoyo kwi-joint ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela okanye ukusindisa inxalenye enesiphene. Ubuchule bokuqala bubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kwi-joint ukunyibilikisa i-solder. Nantsi indlela yokwenza:

• Beka incam yentsimbi yakho ekudibaniseni kwaye uyiyeke ishushu imizuzwana embalwa.
• Nje ukuba i-solder iqalise ukunyibilika, susa i-iron kwaye usebenzise impompo yokucoca ukufunxa i-solder etyhidiweyo.
• Phinda inkqubo de yonke i-solder isuswe.

I-Technique #2: Ukusebenzisa i-Desoldering Braid

Obunye ubuchule obudumileyo bokusebenzisa i-desoldering kukusebenzisa i-desoldering braid. Olu lucingo olubhityileyo lobhedu oluqatywe ngalo kuhamba kwaye isetyenziselwa ukutshitshisa isinyithi esityhidiweyo. Nantsi indlela yokuyisebenzisa:

• Beka i-desoldering braid phezu kwendawo ofuna ukuyisusa kuyo i-solder.
• Faka ubushushu kwi-braid ngentsimbi yakho ye-solder de i-solder inyibilike kwaye ifakwe kwi-braid.
• Susa i-braid kwaye uphinde inkqubo de kube yonke i-solder isuswe.

I-Technique #3: I-Combination Technique

Ngamanye amaxesha, indibaniselwano yobuchule iyafuneka ukususa i-solder enenkani. Nantsi indlela yokwenza:

• Faka ubushushu kwindawo edibeneyo ngentsimbi yakho yokuthambisa.
• Ngelixa i-solder ityhidiwe, sebenzisa ipompo yokuchitha ukususa i-solder eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Beka i-desoldering braid kwi-solder eseleyo kwaye usebenzise ukushisa kuze kube yilapho ifakwe kwi-braid.
• Phinda inkqubo de yonke i-solder isuswe.

Khumbula, ukuba i-desoldering ifuna umonde kunye nokusebenza. Ngobu buchule, uya kuba nakho ukusindisa izinto ezikhoyo kwaye ubeke endaweni eneziphene njengepro!

I-Wick ye-Desoldering: Iindlela ezilula nezisebenzayo zokususa i-Solder egqithisileyo

I-wick echithwayo isebenza ngokufunxa i-solder engaphezulu ngesenzo se-capillary. Xa ubushushu busetyenziswa kwi-solder, buba lulwelo kwaye bungendawo bunyuswe yimisonto yobhedu ephothiweyo kwintambo. I-solder ke ingendawo isuka kwindawo, ishiye icocekile kwaye ilungele ukususwa.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa iWick etshabalalisayo

Ukusebenzisa i-wick ye-desoldering kuneenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela zokususa i-solder engaphezulu, kuquka:

• Sisixhobo esilula nesingabizi kakhulu esinokufumaneka lula.
• Ivumela ukucocwa okuchanekileyo kweepads zePCB, iitheminali, kunye nezikhokelo zecandelo.
• Yindlela engonakalisiyo yokususa i-solder engaphezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba icandelo alinakwenzeka ukuba lonakaliswe ngexesha lenkqubo.
• Yindlela ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo yokususa i-solder engaphezulu.

Ukuqukumbela, i-wick ye-desoldering sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kwi-soldering kunye ne-desoldering components. Ngokuziqhelanisa okuncinci, kunokwenziwa lula kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ukususa i-solder engaphezulu kuyo nayiphi na icandelo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke unako- ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwe-desoldering. Yinkqubo ekhohlisayo, kodwa ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, ungayenza njengepro. 

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ungayenza njani i-desolder, unokonga imali kunye nexesha ngokugcina izinto ezingalunganga kwaye uzisebenzise kwakhona kwiiprojekthi ezizayo.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.