IiRetardants zeFlame: Yintoni eziyiyo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ukukugcina ukhuselekile

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zeziphi ezo khemikhali zingaqhelekanga ezongezwa kwifanitshala kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuze zibenze bangabi namlilo?

I-flame retardant yinto eyongezwa kwenye into ukunciphisa ukutsha kwayo. Isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ifanitshala, i-electronics, izinto zokwakha, kunye namalaphu. 

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-flame retardant, isebenza njani, kwaye kutheni ifakwe kwiimveliso.

IiRetardants zeFlame: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Iiretardants zomlilo ziikhemikhali ezongezwa kwizinto zokucothisa okanye ukuthintela ukwanda komlilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiimveliso ezifana nefenitshala, i-electronics, kunye nezinto zokwakha. Iiretardants zomlilo zisebenza ngokuchaphazela ngokomzimba inkqubo yokutsha, enokunceda ukukhusela abantu kunye nepropathi kumonakalo womlilo.

Kutheni zibalulekile iiRetardants zeFlame?

Ubukho bamadangatye kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neemveliso ziyimfuneko kukhuseleko, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa. Iiretadants zomlilo zinokunceda ukulawula ukusasazeka komlilo, ukunika ixesha elongezelelweyo lokuba abantu baphume kwaye abacimi-mlilo bathathe amanyathelo. Zikwafuneka ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho nemimiselo yokhuseleko.

Zifakwa Njani iiRetardants zeFlame?

Iiretardants zomlilo zingongezwa kwizinto eziphathekayo ngexesha lesigaba sokuvelisa okanye zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo njengokugqiba okanye amalaphu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-flame retardants ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zezinto okanye imveliso. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iiretardants zomlilo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni i-polymer, ngelixa ezinye zongezwa kwintsimbi ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo.

Zeziphi izinto eziqulathe ii-Flame Retardants?

Iiretadants zomlilo zinokufumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli kunye neemveliso, kubandakanya:

• Furniture
• Electronics
• Izinto zokwakha (ezifana nokugquma, iingcingo kunye nophahla)
• Iilaphu (ezifana neekhethini kunye neekhaphethi)
• Ukupakishwa kwamanzi kunye nokutya
• Iithoyi zabantwana

Zeziphi Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeNgxowa-mali eziBanda amadangatya?

Kukho inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-flame retardants, nganye inokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nemiphumo. Ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-flame retardants ziquka:

• I-halogenated flame retardants (efana ne-brominated kunye ne-chlorinated compounds)
• I-phosphorus-based retardants yomlilo
• I-nitrogen-based retardants yomlilo
• I-mineral-based flame retardants (efana ne-aluminiyam hydroxide kunye ne-magnesium hydroxide)

Zisebenza Njani IiRetardants zeFlame?

Iiretadants zomlilo zisebenza ngokuchaphazela ngokwasemzimbeni inkqubo yokutsha. Banokukwenza oku ngeendlela ezininzi, ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhulula amanzi okanye ezinye iikhemikhali zokupholisa izinto kunye nokukhusela ekufikeleleni kwiqondo lokushisa
• Ukudala umqobo phakathi kwezinto kunye nedangatye ukukhusela umlilo ukuba usasazeke
• Ukuvelisa iigesi ezinokuthi zidibanise i-oksijini emoyeni kwaye zinciphise inkqubo yokutshisa

Ungazifumana njani iiMveliso ezineFrime Retardants?

Ukuba ukhangela iimveliso eziqulethe iiretardants zomlilo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuzifumana. Umzekelo, unga:

• Funda iilebhile zemveliso kwaye ujonge ulwazi malunga neeretardants zomlilo
• Thenga kwiivenkile ezithengisa ngokukhethekileyo iimveliso ezineeretardants zomlilo, ezifana nezo zithengisa ifenitshala okanye i-electronics
• Khangela iimveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko, ehlala ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-flame retardants

Ngaba iiRetardants zomlilo zisoloko ziyimfuneko?

Nangona ii-retardants zomlilo zibalulekile kukhuseleko kwiimeko ezininzi, azisoloko ziyimfuneko. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izinto zisenokungadingi ii-retardants zomlilo ukuba azikwazi ukutsha kakhulu okanye ukuba azisetyenziswanga kwiimeko apho umlilo uyingozi. Ukongeza, ezinye iiretardants zomlilo zinokuba neziphumo ezibi ezigqithisa izibonelelo zazo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngononophelo ukusetyenziswa kwe-flame retardants kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Iiklasi zeFrime Retardants: Ukuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeFomu

I-Flame retardants yi-compounds okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo kwezinye izinto ukuze zenze ukuba zingatsha. Ezi zongezo ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo, kwaye zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukukhusela kwiingozi zomlilo. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeretardants kunye nokusebenza kwazo ngokuchasene nokuvezwa komlilo.

Iklasi A IiRetardants zomlilo

• Izixhobo zokucima umlilo zodidi A zineqondo lokusasazeka kwedangatye eliphakathi kuka-zero kunye nama-25.
• Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokuchasene nokuvezwa okukhulu komlilo.
• Ezinye zeClassical A retardants zomlilo zibandakanya:

– Aluminiyam hydroxide
-Magnesium hydroxide (huntite)
– iiminerali zeBoron
-I-phosphate esters

• Ezi zinto zithintela amadangatye zisebenza ngokukhupha umphunga wamanzi xa ubekwe emlilweni, nto leyo epholisa loo nto kwaye ithintele ukuba ingavuthi.

IHalogenated Flame Retardants

• I-Halogenated flame retardants yiklasi eyahlukileyo ye-flame retardants equka i-organohalogen compounds ezifana ne-organochlorines kunye ne-organobromines.
• Ezi retardants zomlilo zisebenza ngokukhupha i-halogen radicals xa ibonakaliswe emlilweni, esabelana nedangatye kwaye iphucula iimpawu ze-flame retardant zezinto.
• Ezinye zeeretadants eziqhelekileyo ze-halogenated flame ziquka:

-Izinto eziphuma kwi-Chlorendic acid
– iTetrabromophthalic anhydride
– iTetrabromobisphenol A
– Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) iphosphate
– Polymeric brominated i-epoxy resins (nazi ezona zibalaseleyo zokhuni)

Ukuqonda iSayensi eNgemva kokuLahlwa kweLanga: Indima yeeNdlela zokuLindela

I-Flame retardants i-compounds ezongezwa kwizinto zokunciphisa ukutsha kwazo. Indlela yokulibaziseka kwezixhobo zokulinda amadangatye yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebandakanya izigaba ezininzi. Ingcamango esisiseko emva kweendlela zokulibaziseka kukuba ukubola kwe-flame retardant kuya kubamba ubushushu njengoko i-material ifudumala, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubushushu bezinto. Oku kubangela amandla aphantsi okuba izinto zivutha kwaye zisasaze amadangatye.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeNdlela zokuLindela

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela zokulibaziseka eziqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nezixhobo zokulinda amadangatye. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokutshisa: Ezinye ii-retardants zomlilo zingaphazamisa inkqubo yokutsha ngokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwe-oksijini okanye i-fuel emlilweni.

• Ukuqulunqwa komgangatho okhuselayo: Ezinye ii-flame retardants zingenza umaleko wokukhusela kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ezinokuthintela ukusasazeka kwamadangatye.

• Ukunyibilikiswa kweegesi ezinokutsha: Ezinye izinto ezithintela amadangatye zinokunyibilikisa iigesi ezinokutsha eziveliswa ngexesha lokutsha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba umlilo usasazeke.

Indima yeeNdlela zokuLindela kwiiMveliso eziZodwa

Ubukho beendlela zokubuyiswa bufuneka kwiimveliso ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo. Umzekelo, iimveliso zocingo kunye neentambo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezinto ezithintela amadangatye ukuthintela ukwanda komlilo. Ukongeza, izinto ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemoto kunye neenqwelomoya kufuneka ziphinde zingabikho ilangatye ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.

Ukubaluleka kokukhetha uhlobo oluLungileyo lwe-Flame Retardant

Uhlobo lwe-flame retardant olusetyenziswa kwimveliso luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa umxholo wezinto eziphathekayo, unobangela onokubakho kunye nemiphumo yomlilo, kunye nokusebenza okufunekayo kwemveliso yokugqibela. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-flame retardant ziquka:

• Umxholo wemathiriyeli: Ezinye iiretardants zomlilo zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zemathiriyeli kunezinye.

• Unobangela onokubakho kunye neziphumo zomlilo: Uhlobo lwesithinteli somlilo esisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka sikwazi ukumelana nonobangela kunye neziphumo ezithile zomlilo.

• Ukusebenza okufunekayo kwemveliso yokugqibela: Isithinteli somlilo esisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka sivumele imveliso ukuba isebenze ngeyona ndlela ingcono ngelixa ibonelela ngemilinganiselo yokhuseleko olwaneleyo.

Ukubaluleka kweNdlela eziLungileyo zokuVelisa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiretadants zomlilo zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezilungileyo zokuvelisa. Oku kuquka:

• Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezithako ezibuyisela idangatye: Izithako ezichanekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngezixa ezichanekileyo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ofunekayo wokubuyiswa komlilo.

• Ukuphathwa ngendlela eyiyo kweemveliso ezithintela amadangatya: Iimveliso ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo ukuthintela naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho.

• Ukonyusa ipropathi yokunqanda amadangatya kwimveliso: Ubuchule obuthile bunokusetyenziswa ukunyusa ipropathi enqanda amadangatye kwimveliso, njengokongeza iinaliti ezikhethekileyo okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokuvelisa.

Ubuchule obuNxulubiswayo beeNdlela zokuLindela

Iindlela zokulibaziseka ziyipropathi esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kakhulu enokuthi zidityaniswe nezinye iipropathi ukwenza ipakethe exhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo yamanyathelo okhuseleko. Ukukwazi ukulawula ukusasazeka komlilo yinxalenye ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Xa zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, iindlela zokulibazisa zinokusindisa ubomi kwaye zithintele umonakalo kwipropathi.

Izinto ezenza umahluko kwi-Flame Retardancy

Izixhobo ezithintela amadangatye zisetyenziswe ixesha elide kwihlabathi. Ukukwazi ukuvavanya nokusebenza kwezinto eziphambili ezichasene nomlilo kuye kwaba yinto ephambili ephambili kumashishini okwakha, amashishini, ezonyango, ezemidlalo kunye nokucima umlilo. Ngaphambili, izixhobo zendalo ezinje ngoboya kunye nesilika zazinelangatye elirhangqwe ngokwemvelo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, izinto ezintsha ezifana nenayiloni kunye nezinye iintsinga ezenziweyo ziye zaziswa.

Izinto Ezisetyenziswayo Namhlanje

Namhlanje, izinto ezahlukeneyo zinzima ukudlula inani eliphezulu lemimiselo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswa kwilaphu elihombisa amadangatye kunye neengubo ezibandakanya:

• I-Geotextile iphathwa ngonyango lwekhemikhali
• Iingubo zokuhoxisa ilangatye
• Amalaphu anokumelana nomlilo kunye ne-mesh
• Amalaphu ahlakaniphile
• Iintsinga ezenziweyo ezingatshiyo

Ukubanakho kweMarike

Amandla emarike ezinto ezithintela amadangatye makhulu, anamandla okusindisa ubomi kunye nokukhusela impahla xa kutsha. Izixhobo ezithintela amadangatya zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukucima umlilo kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo wasendle kunye nabasebenzi
• Ukwakhiwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo
• Impahla kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo eWildland
• Imizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zokwakha
• Izixhobo zonyango kunye nezemidlalo
• Impahla yamapolisa kunye nabasebenzi bohlangulo kunye nezixhobo

Imimiselo neMigangatho

I-International Association of Fire Chiefs kunye nezinye izigqeba ezilawulayo ziye zamisela imigangatho yezinto ezivuthayo zomlilo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Le mimiselo iqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa nomlilo kunye namanye amashishini ahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko.

UMsebenzi oPhambili weZixhobo zokuBuyisa iFlame

Umsebenzi ophambili wezinto ezithintela idangatye kukuthintela okanye ukucothisa ukusasazeka komlilo. Izixhobo ezithintela amadangatye zinokuwenza lo msebenzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukukhulula iikhemikhali ezicima umlilo
• Ukwenza umaleko okhuselayo othintela ukusasazeka komlilo
• Ukunciphisa umthamo weoksijini ekhoyo emlilweni
• Ukufunxa ubushushu kunye nokuthintela izinto ekutshiseni

Izixhobo ezibuyiswa ngumlilo kwiNtshukumo

Izixhobo ezivuthayo zomlilo zisetyenziselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucima umlilo kunye namanye amashishini. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Abacimi-mlilo abanxibe iimpahla ezingayi mlilo kunye nezixhobo, kuquka iisuti, izigcina-ntloko kunye neebhutsi
• Abasebenzi bokucima umlilo baseWildland abasebenzisa imichiza engasebenziyo behla kwinqwelomoya kwaye bathwalwa ngabasebenza ngesandla
• Abacimi-mlilo basebenzisa ii-emele ezigqunywe i-retardant ukuze bathintele imililo
• Abacimi-mlilo abasebenzisa izixhobo zokujonga i-thermal imaging ukufumana iindawo ezishushu kunye nemithombo enokubakho yokutshisa.
• Abacimi-mlilo abasebenzisa amalaphu aphethwe ngokurhabaxa ukukhusela izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo emonakalweni womlilo

Izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana namadangatya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ubomi kunye nepropathi emlilweni. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, amandla ezinto ezintsha kunye nezinto ezintsha zokunqanda amadangatye ayaqhubeka nokukhula.

IiNgqungquthela eziKhawulwa yiFlame: Abacimi-mlilo abagqibeleleyo

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa i-coatings ye-flame retardant, kuquka:

• Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo: Iingubo ezivala amadangatya zinganceda ekuthinteleni umlilo ukuba ungaqali okanye usasazeke, nto leyo enokunceda ukugcina abantu nempahla bekhuselekile.
• Umonakalo ocuthiweyo: Ukuba kuyenzeka umlilo, iingubo ezithintela amadangatya zinokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ngumlilo.
• Ukuthotyelwa: Amashishini amaninzi afunwa ngumthetho ukuba asebenzise i-flame retardant coatings kwizicelo ezithile, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo.

Zisetyenziswa phi iiNgqungquthela zeFlame Retardant?

Iingubo ze-flame retardant zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanya:

• Izakhiwo: Iindonga, iisilingi nakweminye imigangatho yezakhiwo zisetyenziselwa ukuvala amadangatye ukuze kuthintelwe ukunwenwa komlilo.
• Ezothutho: Iinqwelo-moya, oololiwe kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho zisetyenziselwa ukugquma amadangatye ukuze kuthintelwe umlilo ukuba ungaqali okanye usasazeke.
• Ezaselwandle: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, iileyiti ezinqanda amadangatye zisetyenziswa kwizinto zaselwandle ukuthintela ukwakheka kweeleya zepeyinti ezinokonyusa umngcipheko wokutsha.

IiRetardants zomlilo: Ngakumbi kunoKhuseleko loMlilo nje

Iiretardants zomlilo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izixhobo zasekuhlaleni kunye ne-elektroniki kwiingozi zomlilo. Ziye zongezwa kuluhlu lweemveliso, kubandakanya nefenitshala, imathiriyeli yokwakha, kunye nezixhobo zombane, ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene neengozi ezinkulu ezinokutsha. Ezinye zeendlela zokusetyenziswa kunye noncedo lweeretardants zomlilo kulwakhiwo kunye ne-elektroniki ziquka:

• Ukubonelela ngomaleko obalulekileyo wokhuseleko lomlilo ngokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukucothisa ukusasazeka komlilo.
• Ukuphucula ukhuseleko lomlilo wezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zombane ngokunciphisa ubushushu obukhutshwe emlilweni kunye nokwenzeka kokusasazeka komlilo.
• Ukwandisa ukumelana nomlilo kwezixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo, ezinokukunceda ukugcina ubomi kunye nokukhusela ukulimala.
• Ngokudityaniswa nophando lwezenzululwazi, i-flame retardants inokunceda ukuguqula iipropathi zezixhobo zokwenza ukuba zingatsha.
• Iingubo ezithintela umlilo zinokuphucula ukumelana nomlilo kwegumbi, ukunciphisa ukusasazeka komlilo kunye nomsi.

IiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo nezeMpilo

Ngelixa i-flame retardants iye yadibaniswa nezinye iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo, nazo zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo ezingenako ukuhoywa. Ezinye zeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ye-flame retardants ziquka:

• Ukunciphisa umthamo wemililo kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nazo, ezinokunceda ukusindisa ubomi kunye nokuthintela ukulimala.
• I-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) ixhasa inkqubo yophando lwezenzululwazi, kubandakanywa ii-webcasts, iipodcasts, iividiyo, kunye neencwadana zeendaba, ukuhlola i-toxicology ye-flame retardants kunye nefuthe labo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
• Iiretadants zomlilo zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komsi onetyhefu kunye neegesi ngexesha lomlilo, ezinokunceda ukukhusela impilo yabo bavezwe emlilweni.
• I-American Chemistry Council (ACC) kunye neminye imibutho yoshishino idwelise uluhlu lwee-flame retardants eziye zaxelwa ukuba azikho iziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabantu okanye kwindalo.
• I-ACC iphinda ixhase ikhalenda yeentlanganiso ezivulekileyo, ii-webcasts, kunye neziganeko eziphilayo, ezibonisa udliwano-ndlebe lweengcali, ukukhutshwa, iifoto, kunye ne-biographies, ukuxhasa isayensi ye-flame retardants kunye neenzuzo zabo.

Ukuqukumbela, iiretardants zomlilo zibalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko onxulumene neengozi ezinkulu ezinokutsha. Nangona kukho iinkxalabo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwazo, izibonelelo ze-flame retardants azikwazi ukuhoywa. Ngokuthintela okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo yokutsha, ii-flame retardants zibonelela ngoluhlu olubalulekileyo lokukhusela umlilo onokunceda ukusindisa ubomi kunye nokukhusela ukulimala.

isiphelo

Ke, iiretardants zomlilo ziikhemikhali ezongeziweyo kwizinto zokunciphisa ukusasazeka komlilo kunye nokukhusela abantu kunye nepropathi. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo, kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigaqo yemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko. Ufanele uzijonge xa ​​uthenga ifanitshala, izinto zombane, nezinto zokwakha. Ngaphezu koko, zineziphumo ezibi ezingaphezulu kweenzuzo, ngoko kufuneka uqwalasele ngononophelo ukuba uyazifuna okanye awuzifuni.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.