Ifenitshala: Ukuphonononga iintlobo zeenkuni, isinyithi, kunye nokunye

Ifenitshala sisibizo esikhulu sezinto ezishukumayo ezijoliswe ukuxhasa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yabantu enjengendawo yokuhlala (umz., izitulo, izitulo kunye neesofa) kunye nokulala (umz., iibhedi). Ifenitshala ikwasetyenziselwa ukubamba izinto ezikumphakamo olungele ukusebenza (njengemigangatho ethe tye ngaphezu komhlaba, njengetafile needesika), okanye ukugcina izinto (umz., iikhabhathi neeshelufu).

Ifenitshala yiyo nayiphi na into okanye imathiriyeli esetyenziselwa ukwenza indlu, indawo yokuhlala, okanye esinye isakhiwo esilungele ukuhlala okanye ukusebenza.

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni ifenitshala, isetyenziswa njani, kwaye itshintshwa njani ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-Etymology enomdla yeFanitshala

• Igama elithi "ifenitshala" livela kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi "ifenitshala," elithetha izixhobo.
• Noko ke, kwinkoliso yezinye iilwimi zaseYurophu, igama elifanayo lithatyathwe kwisichazi sesiLatini esithi “mobilis,” esithetha into enokususwa.
• Igama lesiNgesi elithi “furniture” kukholelwa ukuba lithatyathwe kwigama lesiLatini elithi “fundus,” elithetha “ezantsi” okanye “isiseko.”

Izixhobo kunye neeFom zefanitshala

• Ifenitshala yamandulo yayisenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amatye, iinkuni, nemicu yendalo.
• Iindlela eziphambili zefenitshala yangaphambili zazibandakanya ukuhlala, ukugcinwa, kunye neetafile.
• Uluhlu lwezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye neqondo lobuchule bokwakha obuphambili bohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkcubeko ethile kunye nexesha.
• Ukubaluleka kwefenitshala kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwanda njengoko abantu babexhobela ngakumbi ukwakha nokugcina izinto.

Indima eYodwa yefanitshala kwiMbali yoLuntu

• Ifenitshala ibe nendima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu, ibonelela ngeendlela zokuhlala, zokulala nokugcina izinto.
• Ukwakhiwa kunye noyilo lwefenitshala luye lwaphenjelelwa yinkcubeko kunye nezobugcisa kwimbali yonke.
• Imizekelo ephilayo yefenitshala yamandulo inika ingqiqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye namasiko abantu abavela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko.
• Ifenitshala iyaqhubeka iyinkalo ebalulekileyo yobomi bomntu, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweendlela kunye nezinto ezikhoyo zokusetyenziswa namhlanje.

Imbali enika umdla yefanitshala

• Ingcamango yefenitshala yaqala kumaxesha amandulo, malunga ne-3100-2500 BCE.
• Izinto zokuqala ezidalwe ukusetyenziswa kwendlu zenziwe ngamatye, njengoko iinkuni zazingekho lula ngexesha lexesha le-Neolithic.
• Iintlobo zokuqala zefanitshala zaziquka izinxibo, iikhabhathi, neebhedi.
• Ubungqina bokwakhiwa kwefenitshala ye-rudimentary bufunyenwe kwiindawo ezifana ne-Skara Brae eScotland kunye ne-Çatalhöyük eTurkey.

I-Evolution yeMathiriyeli yefenitshala

• Njengoko abantu babeqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi wezolimo nokwakha iindawo zokuhlala, iinkuni zaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwifanitshala.
• Iindidi eziphambili zeenkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefenitshala zaziquka izikhondo zemithi kunye neentlobo ezinkulu zomthi wendalo.
• Ezinye izinto ezazisetyenziswa zaziquka amatye nemikrolo yezilwanyana.
• Ukwakhiwa kwefenitshala kwahambela phambili ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu bexhobela ngakumbi ukwakha nokugcina izinto.
• Uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha ifenitshala yandisiwe ukuze iquke izinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo kunye nezenziwe ngabantu.

Ifenitshala kwi-Egypt yaMandulo

• Ubungqina befenitshala bufunyenwe kumangcwaba amandulo aseYiputa, aqala malunga ne-3000 BCE.
• Ukufakwa kwefenitshala emangcwabeni kuthetha ukubaluleka kwefenitshala kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nasemva kokufa.
• Intlambo yeNayile yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili yolwakhiwo lwefanitshala, inoluhlu lwezinto eziquka iibhedi, izitulo, neekhabhathi ezafunyanwa xa kugrunjwa.
• Ukufakwa kwesihlalo kumfanekiso wesithixokazi uIsis kuthetha ukubaluleka kwefenitshala kwizenzo zonqulo.

Iziqwenga eziSindileyo zefanitshala

• Ifenitshala yamandulo eyasindayo ibuyela emva kwexesha leNeolithic.
• Isinxibo se-Skara Brae, esabhalwa malunga ne-3100 BCE, sesinye sezona ziqwenga zefanitshala zindala.
• Ukufakwa kwefenitshala kwiindawo ze-archaeological ezifana ne-Çatalhöyük kunye ne-Skara Brae inikeza ingqiqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu bamandulo.
• Uninzi lwefenitshala yamandulo inokufumaneka kwiimyuziyam kwihlabathi jikelele, kuquka iMyuziyam yaseBritane kunye neLouvre.

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwefanitshala oluLungileyo kwiKhaya lakho

Ifenitshala yimveliso ebalulekileyo enceda ukucacisa iziko laso nasiphi na indawo yokuhlala. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngezitayile kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo enokwenza ikhaya lakho libe yindawo engcono yokuhlala. Ngamakhulu eentlobo ezikhoyo kwimarike, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lolona lufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Kule khokelo, siya kukunceda uqonde iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefenitshala kunye nemisebenzi yazo ethile.

Iintlobo zefanitshala

Nazi ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zefanitshala onokuzifumana kwiimarike:

• Ifenitshala yeGumbi lokuHlala: Olu hlobo lwefanitshala yenzelwe igumbi lokuhlala kwaye ibandakanya iitafile, izitulo kunye neesofa. Eyona fanitshala idumileyo yegumbi lokuhlala ibandakanya iitafile zekofu, izitulo ze-accent, kunye neetafile ze-console.

• Ifenitshala yeGumbi lokutyela: Olu hlobo lwefanitshala yenzelwe igumbi lokutyela kwaye iquka iitafile zokutyela, izitulo kunye nezitulo. Eyona fanitshala yegumbi lokutyela idumileyo ibandakanya iitafile zokutyela, izitulo zokutyela, kunye neebhentshi zokutyela.

• Ifanitshala yegumbi lokulala: Olu hlobo lwefenitshala yenzelwe igumbi lokulala kwaye ibandakanya iibhedi, iitafile ezisecaleni kwebhedi, iitafile zokunxiba, kunye neeyunithi zokugcina. Eyona fanitshala yegumbi lokulala idumileyo ibandakanya iibhedi, iitafile ezisecaleni kwebhedi, kunye neetafile zokunxiba.

• Ifenitshala yaBantwana: Olu hlobo lwefanitshala yenzelwe iintsana kwaye ibandakanya iibhedi, iitafile zokutshintsha, kunye nabaququzeleli bezinto zokudlala. Eyona fanitshala yomntwana idumileyo ibandakanya iibhedi, iitafile ezitshintshayo, kunye nabaququzeleli bezinto zokudlala.

• Ifenitshala yeOfisi yaseKhaya: Olu hlobo lwefanitshala yenzelwe iofisi yasekhaya kwaye ibandakanya iidesika, izitulo, kunye nabaququzeleli. Eyona fanitshala yeofisi yasekhaya idumileyo ibandakanya iidesika, izitulo, kunye nabaququzeleli.

• Ifenitshala ye-Accent: Olu hlobo lwefenitshala yenzelwe ukongeza isitayile kunye nomsebenzi kuyo nayiphi na indawo ekhayeni lakho. Eyona fanitshala yentetho edumileyo ibandakanya izifuba, izibane, kunye nemithi yeholo.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwifanitshala

Ifenitshala inokwenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• Ukhuni: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kwifanitshala. Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye inokwenziwa ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo.

• Isinyithi: Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza ifanitshala yale mihla neyemizi-mveliso. Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uyilo olulodwa.

• Ezinye Izinto: Ifenitshala inokwenziwa nangezinye izinto ezinjengeglasi, iplastiki kunye nofele.

Ifenitshala yoGcino

Ifenitshala yokugcina yenzelwe ukunika indawo yokugcina eyongezelelweyo kwikhaya lakho. Eyona fanitshala idumileyo yokugcina ibandakanya:

• Izifuba: Ezi zenzelwe ukugcina iimpahla kunye nezinye izinto kwigumbi lokulala.

• Abaququzeleli: Ezi zinto zenzelwe ukugcina izinto zokudlala nezinye izinto kwigumbi lomntwana.

• Imithi yeHolo: Ezi zenzelwe ukugcina iidyasi kunye nezinye izinto epasejini.

Ukuphonononga iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ifanitshala

Xa kuziwa ekwenzeni ifenitshala, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zomthi: umthi onzima kunye umthi othambileyo. Umthi onzima uvela kwimithi enqabileyo, elahlekelwa ngamagqabi ekwindla, ngelixa i-softwood ivela kwimithi ehlala iluhlaza egcina iinaliti zabo unyaka wonke. Umthi onzima ngokuqhelekileyo ukhethwa ekwenzeni ifenitshala kuba uxinene kwaye womelele kunomthi othambileyo.

Iintlobo zokhuni ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zidumileyo zomthi ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifenitshala:

• Oki: Umthi oqinileyo oqhelekileyo osetyenziselwa iitafile, izitulo kunye neekhabhathi. Inokhozo oluthe tye kunye nombala okhanyayo ukuya kophakathi omdaka.
• Imephu: Olunye ukhuni oluqinileyo oluguquguqukayo kwaye luqhele ukusetyenziselwa abanxibi, iidesika, kunye neekhabhathi zasekhitshini. Inombala okhanyayo kunye nepateni yengqolowa efihlakeleyo.
• I-Mahogany: Umthi oqinileyo wepremiyamu oyinzalelwane yaseAsia. Inombala otyebileyo, omnyama kunye nepateni ekhethekileyo yeenkozo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwimpahla yefenitshala ephezulu.
• Ipayina: Umthi othambileyo ofumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye usetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwakha ifenitshala. Inombala okhanyayo kunye nepateni ethe tye.
• IRosewood: Umthi oqinileyo otyebileyo ngokwendalo kwaye uthwele ukuthungwa okukhethekileyo. Idla ngokuba yindleko kwaye isetyenziselwa iziqwenga zefenitshala zakudala.
• Itsheri: Umthi oqinileyo odla ngokusetyenziselwa ifanitshala yegumbi lokutyela. Inombala obomvu-obomvu kunye nepateni echanekileyo yengqolowa.
• Iteak: Umthi oqinileyo wetropikhi oqhele ukusetyenziselwa ifenitshala yangaphandle ngenxa yokumelana nendalo emanzini kunye nezinambuzane. Inombala otyebileyo wegolide-mdaka kunye nepateni ethe tye yengqolowa.
• Mindi: Umthi oqinileyo oqhele ukusetyenziselwa iitafile zekofu kunye nezitendi zeTV. Inombala omdaka okhanyayo kunye nepateni ethe tye.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iinkuni

Xa ukhetha umthi wokwenza ifenitshala, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Amanqaku eJanka: Oku kulinganisa ubulukhuni bomthi kwaye kubalulekile ukumisela ukuqina kwempahla yefenitshala.
• Ipateni yeenkozo: Ipateni yeenkozo inokuchaphazela inkangeleko iyonke yefenitshala.
• Umbala: Umbala wokhuni unokuchaphazela ukujonga ngokubanzi kwefenitshala yefenitshala.
• Ukufumaneka: Ezinye iintlobo zemithi zifumaneka ngokubanzi kunezinye, ezinokuchaphazela iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto eziphathekayo.
• Amalungu omthi: Amacandelo ahlukeneyo omthi anokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha inxalenye efanelekileyo yesiphumo esifunwayo.
• Ixesha lokukhula: Ezinye iintlobo zemithi zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunezinye, ezinokuchaphazela iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto eziphathekayo.

Ifenitshala yentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuyigcina kwaye inokuhlala iminyaka emininzi ngononophelo olufanelekileyo. Nanga amanye amacebiso okugcina ifanitshala yentsimbi:

• Coca ifanitshala rhoqo ngesepha ethambileyo kunye nesisombululo samanzi.

• Susa nayiphi na irusi okanye umhlwa ngebrashi yocingo okanye i-sandpaper.

• Faka isambatho se-wax okanye ioli ukukhusela isinyithi kwi-rust and corrosion.

• Gcina ifenitshala yangaphandle ngaphakathi endlini ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika ukuze uyikhusele kwizinto eziphilayo.

Ifenitshala yentsimbi lukhetho oluguquguqukayo noluhlala luhleli kuzo zombini iisetingi zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lweendlela kunye nokuyila onokukhetha kuzo, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho isiqwenga sefenitshala yentsimbi ehambelana neemfuno zakho kunye nesimbo somntu.

Ukuphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ifanitshala

IVeneer ngumaleko obhityileyo womthi oncanyathiselwe kwibhodi yefenitshala eqinileyo okanye iMDF. IVeneer yenye yexabiso eliphantsi kunomthi oqinileyo kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza imiphezulu yeetafile, imiphezulu elaminethiweyo, kunye nezifuba. Inzuzo yefenitshala enevenered kukuba inokufezekisa ukujonga okufanayo njengemithi eqinile kodwa ngexabiso eliphantsi. I-Veneer inokuba nesilivere okanye indlovu ukuze wenze inkangeleko ekhethekileyo.

Ifayili yeGlasi

Iglasi sisixhobo esitsha esisetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifanitshala. Ifenitshala yeglasi ifumaneka ngokubanzi kuyilo lwangoku kwaye ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezincinci. Ifenitshala yeglasi yenziwe ngegilasi ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kwaye incanyathiselwe kwibhodi yefenitshala eqinileyo okanye iMDF.

Ezinye izixhobo

Ngaphandle komthi, isinyithi, iglasi, kukho nezinye izinto eziliqela ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni ifanitshala. Ezi ziquka i-particleboard, i-MDF, i-plywood, i-veneer sheets, ibhodi yefenitshala kunye namaplanga. Imathiriyeli nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nokungalungi kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-particleboard yindlela engabizi kakhulu kunemithi eqinile kodwa ingaphantsi kwamandla. Kwelinye icala, umthi oqinileyo yeyona nto ikumgangatho ophezulu yokwenza ifanitshala kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Ubugcisa buyinto ephambili kwimveliso yefenitshala ecolekileyo, kwaye umahluko phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha azihlali zilingana macala onke.

UbuGcisa bokuBuyiselwa kweFanitshala

Ukubuyiselwa yefanitshala yinkqubo yokubuyisela isiqwenga kuzuko lwalo lwangaphambili. Kubandakanya ukususa ubumdaka, ubumdaka, kunye nezinto ezingafunwayo ukuveza ubuhle bomthi ongaphantsi. Inkqubo inamanyathelo amaninzi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuwalandela ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono. Nanga amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekubuyiseleni isiqwenga sefanitshala:

• Coca isiqwenga: Qala ngokucoca isiqwenga ngelaphu lesitya kunye namanzi ashushu anesepha. Eli nyathelo lisusa ukungcola kunye nokungcola kumphezulu wefenitshala.
• Susa ukugqiba: Sebenzisa iibhloko zesanti okanye isanti zamandla ukususa isiphelo kwifanitshala. Eli nyathelo lifuna umonde kunye nesandla esizinzileyo ukukhusela umonakalo kwimithi.
• Lungisa nawuphi na umonakalo: Ukuba isiqwenga sinomonakalo, njengokuqhekeka okanye iitshiphusi, sebenzisa iglu yomthi ukuyilungisa. Vumela iglue ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokufudukela kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.
• Santi isiqwenga: Isanti ifanitshala ngephepha lesanti ecolekileyo ukuze ususe nayiphi na iglu engaphezulu kwaye wenze umphezulu ofanayo.
• Faka isiphelo esitsha: Khetha isiphelo esisifanela kakuhle isiqwenga kwaye usisebenzise ngokulinganayo. Eli nyathelo lifuna isandla esizinzileyo ukuthintela ukuthontsiza okungafunwayo kunye namaqamza.
• Vumela ukugqiba ukuba kome: Vumela ukugqiba kome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isiqwenga.

Ixabiso Lokubuyisela

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenitshala akukona nje ukwenza isiqwenga sibonakale sisihle; kwakhona wongeza ixabiso kuyo. Iziqwenga zeVintage ezibuyiselweyo zinokufumana ixabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neziqwenga ezingekabuyiswa. Ukubuyisela kwakhona kukuvumela ukuba ugcine uphawu lwento yokuqala kunye nenjongo, iyenze ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ukuba nayo.

I-DIY vs. Ukubuyiselwa kobuNgcali

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenitshala kunokuba yiprojekthi ye-DIY okanye ifune uncedo lwengcali. Nanga amanye amanqaku omawuwaqwalasele xa usenza isigqibo sokuba loluphi ukhetho olulungele wena:

• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-DIY kunokongela imali xa kuthelekiswa nokubuyiselwa kobuchwephesha.
• Ukubuyiselwa kobungcali kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo onokuthi ungafikeleli kuzo.
• Ukubuyisela kubuchwephesha kudla ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingcono xa kuthelekiswa neenzame ze-DIY.
• Ukubuyiselwa kweentlobo ezithile zokhuni okanye ukugqiba kunokufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule obunokubonelela kuphela ngobuchule.

Umahluko phakathi koBuyiselo kunye nokuCina

Ukubuyiswa nokulungiswa kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo, kodwa kuneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Ukucoca kubandakanya ukususa ngokupheleleyo ukugqiba kwakudala kunye nokusebenzisa esitsha, ngelixa ukubuyisela kubandakanya ukugcina ukugqiba kwangoku kunye nokwenza ukuba kubonakale kutsha kwakhona. Ukubuyisela kuyinkqubo ebuthathaka ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokucokisa kwaye kufuna ukuqonda okuthe ngqo kwemathiriyeli kunye nesiqwenga ngokwaso.

Inqaku lokugqibela

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenitshala yinkqubo elula enokwenza umehluko omkhulu kwimbonakalo kunye nexabiso leqhekeza. Nokuba ukhetha ukwenza i-DIY okanye ufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha, ukuqonda amanyathelo abandakanyekayo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kubalulekile ukufezekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ke masibambe eso sanding block kwaye siqalise ukusebenza!

isiphelo

Ke, yiloo nto ifenitshala. 

Yinto esiyisebenzisa yonke imihla, kwaye kudala ikhona. Ibisoloko iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yoluntu, isinika indawo yokuhlala, yokulala neyokugcina izinto zethu. 

Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ujonge ifenitshala entsha, uyazi ukuba ujonge ntoni.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.