Igolide yinto yekhemikhali enesimboli ye-Au (ukusuka) kunye nenombolo ye-athomu 79. Kwifom yayo ecocekileyo, igqamile, ibomvu kancinane emthubi, i-dense, ithambile, i-malleable kunye ne-ductile metal.
Ngokwemichiza, igolide yintsimbi yenguqu kunye neqela le-11 element. Ngomnye weyona khemikhali incinci ingasebenziyo, kwaye yomelele phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Isinyithi ke ngoko senzeka rhoqo kwifom ye-elemental (yemveli) yasimahla, njengama-nuggets okanye iinkozo, ematyeni, kwimithambo kunye nakwi-alluvial deposits. Yenzeka kuthotho lwesisombululo esiluqilima kunye nesilivere yemveli (njenge-electrum) kwaye idityaniswe ngokwendalo ngobhedu kunye ne-palladium.
Ngaphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo, kwenzeka kwiiminerali njengeekhompawundi zegolide, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-tellurium (i-gold tellurides).
Inani leathom yeGolide elingu-79 lenza ukuba libe lelinye lamanani aphezulu e-athomu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwindalo iphela, kwaye ngokwesithethe kucingelwa ukuba iveliswe kwi-supernova nucleosynthesis ukuze kuvele uthuli oluvela kwiSolar System.
Ngenxa yokuba uMhlaba wawunyibilikile xa wawusandul' ukusekwa, phantse yonke igolide ekhoyo emhlabeni yatshona kumbindi weplanethi.
Ke ngoko uninzi lwegolide ekhoyo namhlanje kuqweqwe kunye nengubo yoMhlaba kucingelwa ukuba yaziswa eMhlabeni kamva, ngeempembelelo zeasteroid ngexesha lebhombu enzima kade, malunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Igolide iyaxhathisa ukuhlaselwa ziiasidi zomntu ngamnye, kodwa inokunyibilika nge-aqua regia (“royal water” [nitro-hydrochloric acid], ebizwa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba inyibilikisa “inkosi yesinyithi”).
Umxube we-asidi ubangela ukubunjwa kwe-tetrachloride anion yegolide enyibilikayo. Iikhompawundi zegolide ziphinda zinyibilike kwiisombululo zealkaline zecyanide, eziye zasetyenziswa emigodini.
Inyibilika kwimekyuri, yenze i-amalgam alloys; ayinyibiliki kwi-asidi ye-nitric, enyibilikisa isilivere kunye nesiseko sesinyithi, ipropathi esele isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ubukho begolide kwizinto, inika ixesha lovavanyo lwe-asidi.
Le ntsimbi ibe yintsimbi exabisekileyo nefunwa kakhulu kwimali yemali, izacholo, kunye nobunye ubugcisa ukusukela kudala phambi kokuqala kwembali erekhodiweyo.
Ngaphambili, umgangatho wegolide wawusoloko uphunyezwa njengomgaqo-mali ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezizwe, kodwa iingqekembe zegolide zayeka ukwenziwa njengemali ejikelezayo ngeminyaka yee-1930s, kwaye umgangatho wegolide wehlabathi (jonga inqaku ngeenkcukacha) ekugqibeleni washiywa ukuze afumane imali. inkqubo yemali ye-fiat emva kwe-1976.
Ixabiso legolide ngokwembali lalisekelwe ekunqabeni kwayo okuphakathi, ukuphathwa ngokulula kunye nokunyibilika, ukunyibilikiswa lula, ukungadleki, umbala owahlukileyo, kunye nokungaphinde kusebenze kwezinye izinto.
Iyonke i-174,100 yeetoni zegolide zombiwe kwimbali yoluntu, ngokwe-GFMS ukususela ngo-2012. Oku kuqikelelwa ngokulingana ne-5.6 yeebhiliyoni zeetroy ounces okanye, ngokomthamo, malunga ne-9020 m3, okanye ityhubhu engama-21 m ecaleni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi kwegolide entsha eveliswayo kumalunga ne-50% kwizacholo, i-40% kutyalo-mali, kunye ne-10% kwishishini.
Ukuguliswa okuphezulu kweGolide, ukudumba, ukuxhathisa ekumdleni kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezininzi, kunye nokuhamba kombane kukhokelele ekubeni iqhubeke isetyenziswa kwiziqhagamshelo zombane ezinganyangekiyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zekhompyutha (usetyenziso lwazo oluphambili kwimizi-mveliso).
Igolide ikwasetyenziswa kwiinfrared shielding, kwimveliso yeglasi enemibala, nakumagqabi egolide. Iityuwa ezithile zegolide zisasetyenziswa njengamayeza okulwa nokudumba.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
