The nzima umnqwazi yenye yezona zixhaphakileyo izixhobo zokhuseleko namhlanje, kwaye ingaphezulu kwesigcina-ntloko esinomnqwazi.
Uninzi loorhulumente lufuna abasebenzi besiza sokwakha kubandakanya i-welders, iinjineli, abaphathi, kunye nawo wonke umntu okwisiza ukuba babe nazo, njengoko zibalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi ukuba kwenzeke ingozi.
Kodwa mhlawumbi ukhe waya kwindawo yokwakha kwaye uneengxaki zokwahlula iinjineli yokhuseleko abahloli okanye abasebenzi ngokubanzi.
Into ongayaziyo kukuba imibala eyahlukeneyo yomnqwazi onzima ibonisa iindima ezahlukeneyo, ukuvumela abasebenzi baqonde ukuba ngubani.
Nangona ikhowudi yemibala yeminqwazi enzima yahlukile phakathi kweentlanga ezahlukeneyo okanye imibutho, eminye imigaqo esisiseko inokukunceda ekuboneni abasebenzi ukusuka kumbala womnqwazi onzima abawunxibileyo.
| Imibala yomnqwazi onzima | imifanekiso |
|---|---|
| Iminqwazi emhlophe emhlopheAbaphathi, umphathi, abaphathi, kunye nabayili bezakhiwo | 
|
| Iminqwazi eluhlaza emdaka: i-welders okanye abanye abaqeqeshi bobushushu | 
|
| Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: amagosa okhuseleko okanye abahloli | 
|
| Iminqwazi eluhlaza emthubiAbaqhubi abahamba emhlabeni kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi | 
|
| Iminqwazi eorenji enzima: abasebenzi bokwakha iindlela | 
|
| Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: Abasebenza ngezobuchwephesha njengombane | 
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| Iminqwazi eluhlaza engwevu: eyenzelwe iindwendwe kule ndawo | 
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| Iminqwazi eluhlaza epinki: ukubuyisela elahlekileyo okanye eyaphukileyo | 
|
| Iminqwazi ebomvu ebomvu: Abasebenzi bakaxakeka njengabacimi-mlilo | 
|
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
- Ukwenza iikhowudi ngombala
- Ithetha ntoni imibala yeminqwazi onzima?
- Iminqwazi emhlophe eqinileyo: Abaphathi, umphathi, iisuphavayiza, kunye nabayili bezakhiwo
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: iintsimbi okanye ezinye iingcali zobushushu
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: amagosa okhuseleko okanye abahloli
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza emthubi: Abaqhubi abahamba umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi
- Iminqwazi eorenji: abasebenzi bokwakha iindlela
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Abaqhubi bezobuchwephesha njengabasebenza ngombane
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza engwevu: yenzelwe iindwendwe kwindawo leyo
- Iminqwazi eluhlaza epinki: ukubuyisela enye elahlekileyo okanye eyaphukileyo
- Iminqwazi ebomvu ebomvu: Abasebenzi bakaxakeka njengabacimi mlilo
- Zithini izibonelelo zenkqubo yokufaka iikhowudi?
- Imbali yeHat Hard
- Kutheni ufuna iHat Hat?
- Iingcinga zokugqibela malunga neKhowudi yeMibala eHard Hat
Ukwenza iikhowudi ngombala
Ekuqaleni, yonke iminqwazi ilukhuni ngombala omnyama umdaka kunye nomnyama. Kwakungekho khowudi yemibala.
Olu luyilo lwamva nje oluncedo ekuchongeni zonke iindidi zabasebenzi kwindawo yokwakha.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iikhowudi zemibala yomnqwazi onzima zinokwahluka ngokwamazwe.
Kananjalo, iinkampani zingenza ezazo iikhowudi zemibala kwiindawo zazo zokwakha okoko nje abasebenzi kunye nabo bonke ababandakanyekayo bezazi iikhowudi kunye nezikimu zemibala.
Ezinye iisayithi zikhetha ukuhamba nemibala engaqhelekanga.
Kodwa, njengomgaqo ngokubanzi, sichaza intsingiselo yombala ngamnye kunye nokuba umeleni kuluhlu olungezantsi.
Kutheni kubalulekile umnqwazi onzima?
Umnqwazi onzima ukwabizwa ngokuba ngumnqwazi wokukhusela kuba izinto ezinzima zomnqwazi zikhusela.
Isizathu sesokuba iminqwazi enzima zizinto ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zokukhusela kwiindawo zokwakha. A Umnqwazi onzima kufuneka ubenawo kuye wonke umsebenzi (njengolu khetho apha).
Iminqwazi enzima ikhusela intloko yomqeshwa kukuwa ubutyobo okanye izinto. Kananjalo, isigcina-ntloko sikhusela nakuphi na ukothuka kombane okanye iingozi ezingalindelekanga.
Yenziwe ngantoni iminqwazi eqinileyo?
Uninzi lweehempe ezilukhuni zale mihla zenziwe ngento ekuthiwa yi-high-density polyethylene, nayo efinyeziweyo njenge-HDPE. Ezinye izinto ezizezona zihlala ixesha elide kakhulu yi-polycarbonate okanye i-thermoplastic.
Ingaphandle yomnqwazi onzima ikhangeleka ngathi yiplastikhi enemibala kodwa ungakhohliswa. Le minqwazi ilukhuni iyamelana nomonakalo.
Ithetha ntoni imibala yeminqwazi onzima?
Iminqwazi emhlophe eqinileyo: Abaphathi, umphathi, iisuphavayiza, kunye nabayili bezakhiwo
I-White ihlala isetyenziselwa abaphathi, iinjineli, abaphathi, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabaphathi. Ngapha koko, umhlophe ngowabasebenzi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu kule ndawo.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi abakumgangatho ophezulu banxiba umnqwazi onzima omhlophe ngokudibeneyo nevesti ye-hi-vis ukuze bavele kwabanye.
Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufumanisa umphathi okanye umphathi wakho ukuba kunokwenzeka kubekho imicimbi.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: iintsimbi okanye ezinye iingcali zobushushu
Ukuba ubona umntu enxibe umnqwazi ontsundu ontsundu, isenokuba sisinyithi okanye umntu onomsebenzi obandakanya ukufakwa kobushushu.
Ngokubanzi, umntu onxibe isigcina-ntloko esimdaka uyabandakanyeka kwi-welding okanye ekusebenzeni koomatshini abafuna ubushushu.
Uninzi lwabantu lulindele ukuba ii-welders zinxibe iminqwazi ebomvu, kodwa akunjalo kuba bomvu ngabacimi-mlilo kunye nabanye abasebenzi bakaxakeka.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza eluhlaza: amagosa okhuseleko okanye abahloli
Okuhlaza kuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa amagosa okhuseleko okanye abahloli. Nangona kunjalo, inokunxitywa ngabasebenzi abatsha kwindawo leyo okanye ngabasebenzi abalingwayo.
Luhlaza ngumbala wabahloli nabaqeqeshi. Kuyadideka kancinci njengoko ukudibanisa kunokwenzeka.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza emthubi: Abaqhubi abahamba umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi
Kwakukho ixesha apho ndandicinga ukuba umnqwazi onzima otyheli wenzelwe iinjineli kuba lo mbala ugqamile. Ngoku ndiyazi ukuba ihlala isetyenziswa ngabaqhubi abahamba umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi.
Olu hlobo lwabasebenzi alunanto ikhethekileyo. Mthubi uhlala udidekile nabasebenzi bendlela, kodwa eneneni, amalungu eendlela ahlala enxibe iorenji.
Qaphela ukuba bangaphi abasebenzi kwindawo yokwakha abanxiba tyheli kuba enyanisweni, uninzi lwabantu kukho abasebenzi ngokubanzi.
Iminqwazi eorenji: abasebenzi bokwakha iindlela
Ukhe waqaphela abasebenzi bokwakha benxibe iminqwazi yokhuseleko xa uqhuba? Uhlala uziqaphela kuhola wendlela, usenza umsebenzi wendlela.
Iorenji ngumbala wabasebenzi bokwakha iindlela. Oku kubandakanya ababhinqileyo abatyibilikisi bebhanki kunye nabaphathi bezithuthi. Abanye babantu abasebenza njengezinto zokuphakamisa izinto banxibe neminqwazi yeorenji.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Abaqhubi bezobuchwephesha njengabasebenza ngombane
Abaqhubi bobuchwephesha bathanda abasebenza ngombane kwaye abachweli banxiba umnqwazi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bangabarhwebi abanobuchule, abajongene nokwakha nokufaka izinto.
Kananjalo, abasebenzi bezonyango okanye abasebenza kwindawo yokwakha banxiba iminqwazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ke, ukuba unengxaki kaxakeka kwezonyango, qala ufune iminqwazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza engwevu: yenzelwe iindwendwe kwindawo leyo
Xa undwendwela indawo, usenokunikwa umnqwazi onzima ongwewe ukuba uwunxibe, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakho. Lowo ngumbala odla ngokwenzelwa iindwendwe.
Kwimeko apho umqeshwa alibale umnqwazi wakhe okanye ayilahle ndawo, kuhlala kukho umnqwazi oqaqambileyo opinki kwindawo leyo ukuze banxibe ngaphambi kokuba babuye okanye bafumane entsha.
Ngeso sizathu, ekuphela kwexesha ekufuneka unxibe ngalo umnqwazi ongwevu kukuba undwendwela indawo.
Iminqwazi eluhlaza epinki: ukubuyisela enye elahlekileyo okanye eyaphukileyo
Awulindelanga ukubona abasebenzi bokwakha benxibe iminqwazi epinki.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mbala ugcinelwe abo bantu baphula kwaye bonakalise umnqwazi wabo emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye iimeko, abo balibale umnqwazi wabo ekhaya.
Cinga ngomnqwazi opinki 'njengesisombululo sokwexeshana' njengoko iminqwazi epinki ngamanye amaxesha ikrwada ngenxa yokungakhathali.
Umsebenzi lowo kufuneka athwale umnqwazi opinki ade athathele umnqwazi wakhe owomeleleyo endaweni yakhe, ukuthintela ukwenzakala.
Ngokwesiko, umnqwazi opinki wawuluhlobo lwesohlwayo sokulibala izixhobo zakho ekhaya.
Zonke iindawo zokwakha kufuneka zibe neminqwazi eluhlaza epinki kwabo bazifunayo.
Iminqwazi ebomvu ebomvu: Abasebenzi bakaxakeka njengabacimi mlilo
Umnqwazi obomvu obomvu ugcinelwe abasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka kuphela, njengabacimi-mlilo okanye abanye abasebenzi abanezakhono kwimpendulo engxamisekileyo.
Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kufuneka ube noqeqesho olungxamisekileyo ukuze unxibe isigcina-ntloko esibomvu okanye kungenjalo usengozini yokubangela ukothuka kwindawo yokwakha.
Ukuba ubona abasebenzi banxibe iminqwazi ebomvu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho imeko engxamisekileyo eqhubekayo, njengomlilo.
Zithini izibonelelo zenkqubo yokufaka iikhowudi?
Okokuqala nokuphambili, iminqwazi enemibala yenza ukuba kube lula ukubona bonke abasebenzi abakwindawo yokwakha.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba bonke abasebenzi baqeqeshwe kwaye baxelelwe ukuba umbala ngamnye uthetha ntoni kwaye bonke kufuneka banxibe umbala olungileyo wesigqoko esisekwe kwindawo yabo okanye kwinqanaba labo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzi banxibe iminqwazi yabo enzima:
- Iminqwazi enzima iyamelana nomonakalo kwaye ibalulekile kukhuseleko lwesiza sokwakha. Banqanda ukonzakala kwanokufa.
- Imibala ethile yenza kube lula ukufumanisa bonke abantu abakule ndawo.
- Abasebenzi banokuchonga oogxa babo ngokusekwe kumbala wesigqoko esinzima, esigcina ixesha.
- Iminqwazi enemibala yenza kubelula kubaphathi ukuba bajonge abasebenzi kwaye babone ukuba bathini na abasebenzi.
- Ukuba ugcina umgaqo-nkqubo wombala oqhubekayo, unxibelelwano phakathi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzi kulula.
Nantsi injineli yenenekazi ejonge imibala eyahlukeneyo:
Imbali yeHat Hard
Ngaba uyazi ukuba kude kube sekuqalekeni kwekhulu lama-20, abasebenzi bezokwakha bebenganxibi iminqwazi ngenxa yokuba bengakuqondi ukubaluleka kokhuseleko?
Imbali yomnqwazi onzima ineminyaka nje eli-100 ubudala, yiyo le yothusayo kutsha nje, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba iiprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha sele zakhiwe amawaka eminyaka.
Yonke le nto yaqala ngendoda egama linguEdward W. Bullard. Uvelise umnqwazi wokuqala okhuselekileyo ngo-1919 eSan Francisco.
Umnqwazi wawenzelwe abasebenzi bexesha loxolo kwaye wawubizwa ngokuba yi Hat-Boiler.
Umnqwazi wenziwa ngesikhumba kunye ne-canvas kwaye ithathwa njengesixhobo sokuqala sokukhusela intloko esithengiswa ngorhwebo kulo lonke elaseMelika.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinto esizaziyo namhlanje njengomnqwazi onzima unokulandelwa emva kwe-1930s eMelika. Le minqwazi yayisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha ezinkulu ezifana neBhulorho yeSango leGolden eCalifornia kunye neDama laseHoover. Nangona ukwakhiwa kwawo kwakwahlukile. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi minqwazi kwakugunyaziswe ngu IiNkampani ezintandathu, Inkampani. 1933.
Kutheni ufuna iHat Hat?
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kweekhati ezinzima kuhambelana nokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokwenzeka kunye nokulimala. Kodwa namhlanje umnqwazi oqinileyo usetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudala ukonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokusebenza.
Ukhuseleko kwizinto eziwayo
Eyona nto isisiseko sokusetyenziswa komnqwazi oqinileyo kukukhusela kwizinto eziwayo. Umnqwazi onzima njengoko siyazi ukuba wenziwa ngokukodwa kule njongo. Iinguqulelo ezingakumbi zamandulo zomnqwazi oqinileyo njengomnqwazi oqhelekileyo ogqunywe ngetela zenziwa ngokukodwa ukukhuselwa kweentloko zabasebenzi bokwakha iinqanawa kwizinto ezingaphezulu.
Ukuchongwa koMntu
Iminqwazi enzima yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuchonga ngokukhawuleza nawuphi na umntu kwindawo yokusebenza. Ngekhowudi yombala, kulula kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na umsebenzi kunye nento ayenzayo kwisiza ngokujonga nje. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani bexesha elichithiweyo.
Umzekelo, masithi ujongene nohlobo oluthile lomcimbi wombane ngelixa usebenza kumgangatho wokuqala. Ngoko ufuna umntu osuka kwicala lombane ukuze avale umbane kakuhle. Unokwenza oku ngokulula ngokujonga umbala ofunekayo kwaye uchonge kwisihlwele. Ngaphandle komnqwazi onzima onemibala, oku kunokuthatha ixesha elininzi.
UNxibelelwano olulula
Iminqwazi enzima enemibala yenze ukunxibelelana kwindawo yokusebenza kwaba lula. Umsebenzi omnye unokwazisa omnye umsebenzi ngokulula ukuba ukwindawo eyingozi. Umzekelo, ukuba uphakamisa naluphi na uhlobo lomatshini onzima kwaye kufuneka ubize bonke abasebenzi abakuloo ntsimi. Unokwenza oku ngokulula ngemibala yomnqwazi onzima.
Ukugcina uZinzo
Ukuba zonke iziza zokwakha zisebenzisa iminqwazi enzima enombala ofanayo inganceda ukugcina ukuqhubeka. Abasebenzi abasuka kwenye iprojekthi baye kwenye banokuziva besekhaya ngenxa yeminqwazi enzima enombala ofanayo. Banokwazi ngokulula ukuba ngabaphi na abasebenzi. Abaphathi nabo baya kuxhamla koku.
Iingcinga zokugqibela malunga neKhowudi yeMibala eHard Hat
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, kukho ikhowudi yombala ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ilandelwe xa unxibe umnqwazi onzima kwishishini lokwakha.
Isizathu sokuba ukhuseleko lubalulekile kwaye ke abasebenzi kufuneka babonakale ngokulula. Umgaqo ongabhalwanga kwaye awunzima kwaye ukhawuleze.
Kuba akukho mthetho ngurhulumente kwimibala ethile, iinkampani zinokukhetha imibala yazo. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuba wenze uphando lwakho kwangaphambili.
Uya kufumana iisayithi ezingasebenzisi le khowudi ngqo, ke kufanelekile ukuba ubuze ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza kule ndawo.
Nangona kunjalo, uya kuqaphela ukuba zonke iisayithi zokwakha zinemibala yekhowudi yabasebenzi.
Khumbula, nangona inkqubo yokufaka iikhowudi kuluncedo ngezibonelelo zokhuseleko ezinokubakho, kungcono thwala umnqwazi onzima wawo nawuphi na umbala kunokuba ungabinaso umnqwazi oqinileyo xa ukwindawo yokwakha.
Ukucacisa, umbala omhlophe umnqwazi onzima wenzelwe iinjineli.
Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho iimeko zomsebenzi ezamisa kuba abasebenzi babenxibe umbala ongafanelekanga weminqwazi.
Ithini ikhowudi yomnqwazi onzima kwilizwe lakho okanye umbutho? Sazise kumagqabantshintshi.
Ufunde kwakhona: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sejenereyitha yedizili, yile ndlela isebenza ngayo
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
