ILatex yi-stable dispersion (emulsion) yeepolymer microparticles kwindawo enamanzi. ILatex inokuba yendalo okanye yenziwe.
Ingenziwa ngokwenziwa nge-polymerizing i-monomer efana ne-styrene efakwe emulsified kunye ne-surfactants.
ILatex njengoko ifunyanwa kwindalo lulwelo olunobisi olufumaneka kwi-10% yazo zonke izityalo ezidubulayo (angiosperms).
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Yintoni ekwiLatex?
ILatex yipolima yendalo eveliswe ngendlela yobisi olufumaneka kwixolo le irabha imithi. Le nto yenziwe nge-emulsion ye-hydrocarbon, engumxube wezinto eziphilayo. Ilatex yenziwe ngeeseli ezincinci, imijelo kunye nemibhobho efumaneka kwixolo elingaphakathi lomthi.
Usapho lweRubber
ILatex luhlobo lwerabha ephuma kwincindi yemithi yerabha, eyinxalenye yosapho lwe Euphorbiaceae. Ezinye izityalo kule ntsapho ziquka i-milkweed, i-mulberry, i-dogbane, i-chicory, kunye ne-sunflower. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-latex luvela kwiintlobo ze-Hevea brasiliensis, ezizalelwa eMzantsi Melika kodwa zikhula kumazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia njengeThailand ne-Indonesia.
Inkqubo Yokuvuna
Ukuze bavune ilatex, abacofi benza uthotho lwamaxolo kwixolo lomthi baze baqokelele incindi yobisi ephumayo. Le nkqubo ayiwonzakalisanga umthi, kwaye unokuqhubeka nokuvelisa ilatex ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-30. ILatex ifumaneka ngokuzinzileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli elungele indalo.
Ukuqulunqwa
ILatex iyilwe ngamasuntswana erabha angama-30 ekhulwini, ama-60 ekhulwini amanzi, kunye ne-10 ekhulwini lezinye izinto ezifana neeproteni, iintlaka neeswekile. Amandla kunye ne-elasticity ye-latex ivela kwi-molecule ye-long-chain yamaqhekeza e-rubber.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zaseKhaya
ILatex isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zasekhaya, kubandakanya:
- iiglavu
- Iikhondomu
- Balloons
- Iibhendi ze-elastic
- Iibhola zetennis
- Oomatrasi amagwebu
- Iingono zebhotile yomntwana
Isidanga seNzululwazi seDyunivesithi kwiHorticulture
Njengomntu oneSidanga seSayensi kwiHorticulture, ndingakuxelela ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa i-latex inika umdla. Xa uxobula ixolo lomthi werabha, unokuphazamisa imibhobho eveza incindi yelatex enobisi. Kuyamangalisa ukucinga ukuba le nto inokuguqulwa ibe ziimveliso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo esizisebenzisa yonke imihla.
INyaniso malunga nokuba iLatex ivela phi
ILatex yinto yendalo efumaneka kwixolo lemithi yerabha, ezalelwa eMzantsi Melika. Ulwelo olulubisi lwenziwe ngamanzi angama-30 ukusa kuma-40 ekhulwini namasuntswana erabha angama-60 ukusa kuma-70 ekhulwini. Iinqanawa zelatex zikhula ngokuqhubekayo kwi-spiral ejikeleze ixolo lomthi.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeMithi yeRubha
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithi yerabha, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo ngumthi werabha iPará, ochumayo kwiindawo ezitshisayo. Idla ngokukhuliswa kumasimi erabha, apho inokuvunwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.
Indlela yokuLungisa
Inkqubo yokuguqula i-latex ibe yirabha ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, aquka ukujiya, ukuhlanjwa nokomiswa. Ngexesha le-coagulation, i-latex iphathwa nge-asidi ukuze ibangele ukuba i-rubber particles idibanise. Isiqina esisisiphumo siyahlanjwa kwaye somiswe ukususa amanzi angaphezulu kwaye senze irubha enokusebenziseka.
ILatex yoSynthetic vs iLatex yeNdalo
I-synthetic latex yenye indlela eqhelekileyo kwi-latex yendalo. Yenziwe ngeekhemikhali ezisekwe kwipetroleum kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezifana noomatrasi nemiqamelo. Ngelixa i-latex yokwenziwa inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa, ayinawo amandla afanayo kunye nokuqina njenge-latex yendalo.
Ukufunda NgeLatex
Njengombhali oneSidanga seSayensi kwiHorticulture, ndifunde okuninzi malunga nelatex kunye neempawu zayo. Ngelixa ndisebenzela inkonzo yokuhlela ngo-Agasti, ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba i-latex yinto enomdla kunye nosetyenziso oluninzi. Nokuba unomdla kolona hlobo lulula lwelatex okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo enokusetyenzwa ngazo, kuhlala kuninzi okufundayo malunga nale nto iguquguqukayo.
Ukuvunwa kweLatex: UbuGcisa boKutsalwa kweMathiriyeli eNxaxheba
- ILatex lulwelo olunobisi olufumaneka kwixolo lemithi yerabha, umthi oqinileyo wetropikhi ofunyenwe kumthi werabha wePará (Hevea brasiliensis).
- Ukuqala inkqubo yokuvelisa i<em>latex, ii<em>tappers zisika iziqwenga ezicekethekileyo zamaxolo emthini, nto leyo ebonisa imithambo yelatex enolwelo.
- Ixolo lisikwa ngendlela ejikelezayo, eyaziwa ngokuba ziigrooves, ezivumela i-latex ukuba iphume emthini iye kwikomityi yokuqokelela.
- Inkqubo yokuvuna i-latex ibandakanya ukucofa umthi rhoqo, oqala xa umthi umalunga neminyaka emithandathu ubudala kwaye iqhubeke iminyaka engama-25.
Ukuqokelela iSap: Ukudalwa kweLatex ekrwada
- Emva kokuba ixolo lisikiwe, i-latex iphuma emthini kwaye iye kwikomityi yokuqokelela.
- Ii-tappers zivame kwiikomityi zokuqokelela, zitshintshe njengoko zifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwe-latex.
- Incindi eqokelelweyo iyahluzwa ukuze isuse nabuphi na ukungcola ize ipakishwe kwimigqomo ukuze ithuthwe.
- Abanye abavelisi bayayitshaya i-latex ukuyigcina phambi kokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa.
Ukusetyenzwa kweLatex: Ukusuka kwiMveliso ekrwada ukuya kwiMveliso egqityiweyo
- Ngaphambi kokuba i-latex isetyenziswe, ifumana unyango lwemichiza emininzi ukususa ukungcola kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zayo.
- Inyathelo lokuqala yi-prevulcanization, ebandakanya ukufudumeza okuthambileyo ukususa amanzi angaphezulu kunye nokuzinzisa izinto.
- Emva koko, i-latex iqengqeleka ibe ngamashiti amancinci kwaye yomiswe ukuze kususwe nakuphi na ukufuma okuseleyo.
- Emva koko i-Acid yongezwa kumaphepha omisiweyo ukususa nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo kunye nokuphucula izinto eziphathekayo.
- Inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukufudumeza i-latex ukwenza imveliso egqityiweyo elungele ukusetyenziswa.
Ukubaluleka kokuphazamisa iSityalo: Ukuvuna Kuwuchaphazela Njani Umthi Werabha
- Ngelixa ukuvuna i-latex kuyimfuneko ekuveliseni irabha, kunokuphazamisa neenkqubo zendalo zesityalo.
- Ixolo lomthi linemibhobho ehambisa amanzi kunye nezondlo kuso sonke isityalo.
- Ukusika amaxolo kuphazamisa le mibhobho, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukukhula nempilo yomthi.
- Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuvuna, abacofi basebenzisa ishedyuli yokucofa rhoqo kwaye bajikelezisa imithi abavuna kuyo ukuvumela ixesha lokuba ixolo liphole.
Ukudalwa kweRubber: Ukusuka kwiLatex ukuya kwizinto eziphathekayo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa irabha iqala ngokuvunwa incindi emhlophe enobisi, okanye ilaphu, kwimithi yerabha. Oku kuquka ukusika amaxolo omthi kunye nokuqokelela ulwelo olusezityeni, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kukucofa. Emva koko i-latex ivunyelwe ukuba ihambe kwaye iqokelelwe kwiikomityi, ezibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-grooves okanye imicu enqunywe emthini. I-tappers iyaqhubeka nokongeza iikomityi njengoko ukuhamba kwe-latex kunyuka, kwaye basuse njengoko ukuhamba kuncipha. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, i-latex ivumelekile ukuba idibanise kwindebe yokuqokelela.
Ukucokisa kunye nokuFakwa kweLatex kwiRubber
Emva kokuba i-latex iqokelelwe, ihlanjululwe ibe yirabha elungele ukusetyenzwa kwezorhwebo. Ukwenziwa kwerabha kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka:
- Ukucoca i-latex ukususa nakuphi na ukungcola
- Ukupakisha i-latex ehluziweyo kwimigqomo yokuthutha
- Ukutshaya i-latex nge-asidi, ebangela ukuba idibanise kwaye yenze i-clumps
- Ukuqengqeleka i-latex edibeneyo ukususa nawaphi na amanzi angaphezulu
- Ukomisa i-latex eqengqelekayo ukususa nabuphi na ubumanzi obushiyekileyo
- Pre-vulcanization unyango lwemichiza ukwenza irabha yomelele ngakumbi
Ukufudumeza ngobumnene kunye nokuphazamisa isityalo
Ukudala irabha kubandakanya ukufudumeza okuthambileyo kunye nokuphazamisa isityalo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubetha umthi, ophazamisa imigudu apho i-latex ihamba khona. Oku kuphazamiseka kuvumela i-latex ukuba ihambe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ithambekele ekudibaniseni kwindawo yokuqokelela. Ilatex ke iye ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, nto leyo ephazamisa ukuthambekela kwendalo kwesityalo ukujija ilatex. Le nkqubo yokufudumeza ibizwa ngokuba yi-prevulcanization.
UkuQuqulwa kokugqibela kunye neMveliso
Emva kokuba i-latex isetyenzisiwe kwaye yacokiswa, ilungele ukuveliswa kokugqibela. Irabha ixutywe neekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kunye nezongezo zokwenza izinto ezifunwayo, ezifana nokunwebeka kunye nokuqina. Emva koko irabha ibunjwa ibe yimilo neentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengamatayara, iiglavu nezinye iimveliso.
ILatex yokwenziwa: Enye yePlastiki
Ukuveliswa kwe-latex yokwenziwa kubandakanya inkqubo elula yokuxuba i-petroleum compounds ezimbini, i-Styrene kunye ne-Butadiene, kunye. Lo mxube uyafudunyezwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho i-chemical reaction evelisa i-latex yokwenziwa. Imveliso ephumayo emva koko ipholile kwaye yenziwe kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zemarike.
Ziziphi izinto eziluncedo kwiLatex yoSynthetic?
I-latex yokwenziwa ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kwe-latex yendalo, kubandakanya:
- Ifikeleleka ngakumbi kune-latex yendalo
- Ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwimarike
- Iqinile ngokwendalo kwaye inika imvakalelo engaguqukiyo
- Igcina imilo yayo ixesha elide
- Ayichaphazeli utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwindawo eshushu kunye nepholileyo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ayiboleki kakhulu kune-latex yendalo
- Inokuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zemarike
Yintoni ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo xa ukhetha phakathi kweLatex yeNdalo kunye neSynthetic?
Xa ukhetha phakathi kwe-latex yendalo kunye neyokwenziwa, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele, kubandakanya:
- Iimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo
- Iinzuzo ezinokuthi zibekho kunye nezithintelo zohlobo ngalunye lwe-latex
- Umgangatho kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemveliso
- Inkampani okanye uphawu oluvelisa imveliso
- Ixabiso ozimisele ukulihlawulela imveliso
Ingxoxo yeLatex vs Rubber: Nguwuphi umahluko?
I-Rubber, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imveliso egqityiweyo eyenziwe kwi-latex yendalo okanye yokwenziwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwinto ehlala ixesha elide, engenamanzi, kunye ne-elastic ebandakanya ii-polymer microparticles kwisisombululo esimanzi. Igama elithi 'irabha' inenkcazelo yokwenyani xa ithelekiswa ne 'latex,' ebhekisa kulwelo lwemathiriyeli.
Zeziphi iiMahluko eziPhambili?
Ngelixa i-latex kunye nerubha zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini:
- ILatex luhlobo lwerabha elulwelo, ngelixa irabha iyimveliso egqityiweyo.
- ILatex yimathiriyeli yendalo eveliswa kwincindi yemithi yerabha, ngelixa irabha inokuba yendalo okanye yokwenziwa kwaye ihlala isekwe kwipetrochemical.
- ILatex iyalastiki kakhulu kwaye iyamelana namaqondo obushushu, ngelixa irabha ithambile kancinci kwaye inokumelana nobushushu obusezantsi.
- ILatex iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso zabathengi kunye nezonyango, ngelixa irabha iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye neyokwakha.
- ILatex ineprofayile eyodwa eyenza ukuba ilungele amawaka osetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya ukupheka, ngelixa irabha iqhele ukusetyenziselwa usetyenziso olukhethekileyo.
- ILatex igqwesile kwinkonzo yenyikima kwaye ibambe kakuhle kwizixeko ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye namanzi, ngelixa irabha ingcono ukugcinwa nokuphathwa.
Ziziphi iiNzuzo zeLatex?
ILatex ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zerabha, kubandakanya:
- Yimpahla yendalo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye izinzileyo.
- I-elastic ephezulu kwaye iyamelana namaqondo obushushu, iyenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
- Ayinamanzi kwaye iyamelana neekhemikhali ezininzi, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kubathengi kunye neemveliso zonyango.
- Kulula ukuyivelisa kwaye inokufumaneka ngobuninzi kwiindawo ezitshisayo.
- Lukhetho oludumileyo kwabo bane-allergies, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe izinto ezifanayo njengeerubha zokwenziwa.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke unayo-yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga ne-latex. Yipolima yendalo eveliswayo luhlobo lobisi olufumaneka kwixolo lemithi yerabha. Yimpahla enkulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto zasekhaya, ukusuka kwiiglavu ukuya kwiikhondom ukuya kwiibhaluni. Ngoko kwixesha elizayo ukhangela imathiriyeli oza kuyisebenzisa, cinga ngelatex!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
